Family Medicine
Family medicine doctors provide comprehensive health care for people of all ages, from pediatrics to geriatrics. In addition to diagnosing and treating illnesses, they also provide preventive care including checkups and immunizations.
Diseases & Conditions
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is bleeding from the uterus that is longer than usual or that occurs at an irregular time. Bleeding may be heavier or lighter than usual and occur often or randomly. AUB...
Diseases & Conditions
Absent menstrual periods - primary
Absence of a woman's monthly menstrual period is called amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea is when a girl has not yet started her monthly periods, and she: Has gone through other normal changes that occur during...
Diseases & Conditions
Absent menstrual periods - secondary
Absence of a woman's monthly menstrual period is called amenorrhea. Secondary amenorrhea is when a woman who has been having normal menstrual cycles stops getting her periods for 6 months or longer.
Diseases & Conditions
Achilles tendinitis
Achilles tendinitis occurs when the tendon that connects the back of your leg to your heel becomes swollen and painful near the bottom of the foot. This tendon is called the Achilles tendon. It allows you...
Diseases & Conditions
Acne
Acne is a skin condition that causes pimples or "zits. " Whiteheads, blackheads, and red, inflamed patches of skin (such as cysts) may develop.
Diseases & Conditions
Actinic keratosis
Actinic keratosis is a small, rough, raised area on your skin. Often this area has been exposed to the sun over a long period of time. Some actinic keratoses may develop into a type of skin cancer.
Diseases & Conditions
Acute bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is swelling and inflamed tissue in the bronchi, the main passages that carry air to the lungs. This swelling narrows the airways, which makes it harder to breathe. Other symptoms of bronchitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Acute cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis is sudden swelling and irritation of the gallbladder. It causes severe belly pain.
Diseases & Conditions
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is sudden swelling and inflammation of the pancreas.
Diseases & Conditions
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a thickening of the walls of the uterus. It occurs when endometrial tissue grows into the outer muscular walls of the uterus. Endometrial tissue forms the lining of the uterus.
Diseases & Conditions
Adjustment disorder
Adjustment disorder is a group of symptoms, such as stress, anxiety, feeling sad or hopeless, and physical symptoms that can occur after you go through a stressful life event. The symptoms occur because...
Diseases & Conditions
Agammaglobulinemia
Agammaglobulinemia is an inherited disorder in which a person has very low levels of protective immune system proteins called immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins are a type of antibody. Low levels of these...
Diseases & Conditions
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is an intense fear and anxiety of being in places where it is hard to escape, or where help might not be available. Agoraphobia usually involves fear of crowds, bridges, or being outside alone...
Diseases & Conditions
Alcohol use disorder
Alcohol use disorder is when your drinking causes serious problems in your life, yet you keep drinking. You may also need more and more alcohol to feel drunk. Stopping suddenly may cause withdrawal symptoms...
Diseases & Conditions
Alcohol withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal refers to symptoms that may occur when a person who has been drinking too much alcohol on a regular basis suddenly stops drinking alcohol.
Diseases & Conditions
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
Alcoholic ketoacidosis is the buildup of ketones in the blood due to alcohol use. Ketones are a type of acid that form when the body breaks down fat for energy. The condition is an acute form of metabolic...
Diseases & Conditions
Alcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease is damage to the liver and its function due to alcohol abuse. alcohol abuse
Diseases & Conditions
Allergic conjunctivitis
The conjunctiva is a clear layer of tissue lining the eyelids and covering the white of the eye. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes swollen or inflamed due to a reaction to pollen...
Diseases & Conditions
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is a diagnosis associated with a group of symptoms affecting the nose. These symptoms occur when you breathe in something you are allergic to, such as dust, animal dander, or pollen. Symptoms...
Diseases & Conditions
Allergies
An allergy is an immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful. immune response
Diseases & Conditions
Alopecia areata
Alopecia areata is a condition that causes round patches of hair loss. It can lead to total hair loss.
Diseases & Conditions
Alzheimer disease
Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Dementia Dementia may also...
Diseases & Conditions
Amebiasis
Amebiasis is an infection of the intestines. It is caused by the microscopic parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Entamoeba histolytica
Diseases & Conditions
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a tooth development disorder. It causes the tooth enamel to be thin and abnormally formed. Enamel is the outer layer of the visible crown portion of the teeth.
Diseases & Conditions
Anal fissure
An anal fissure is a small split or tear in the thin moist tissue (mucosa) lining the lower rectum (anus). mucosa
Diseases & Conditions
Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. Different types of anemia include: Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiencyAnemia...
Diseases & Conditions
Anemia caused by low iron - children
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Anemia Iron helps make red blood cells...
Diseases & Conditions
Anemia of chronic disease
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Anemia Anemia of chronic disease (ACD...
Diseases & Conditions
Anorexia
Anorexia is an eating disorder that causes people to weigh less than is considered healthy for their age and height, usually by excessive weight loss. People with this disorder may have an intense fear...
Diseases & Conditions
Anterior knee pain
Anterior knee pain is pain that occurs at the front and center of the knee. It can be caused by many different problems, including: Chondromalacia of the patella -- the softening and breakdown of the tissue...
Diseases & Conditions
Apnea of prematurity
Apnea means "without breath" and refers to breathing that slows down or stops from any cause. Apnea of prematurity refers to breathing pauses in babies who were born before 37 weeks of pregnancy (premature...
Diseases & Conditions
Apoplexy
Apoplexy is bleeding into an organ or loss of blood flow to an organ. For example, Adrenal apoplexy -- bleeding into the adrenal glandsPituitary apoplexy -- bleeding into the pituitary gland Adrenal apoplexy...
Diseases & Conditions
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is a condition in which your appendix gets inflamed. The appendix is a small pouch attached to the end of the large intestine.
Diseases & Conditions
Apraxia
Apraxia is a disorder of the brain and nervous system in which a person is unable to perform tasks or movements when asked, even though: The request or command is understoodThey are willing to perform the...
Diseases & Conditions
Arrhythmias
An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm. The heart can beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. heart rate An arrhythmia can be harmless, a sign...
Diseases & Conditions
Arthritis
Arthritis is inflammation or degeneration of one or more joints. A joint is the area where 2 bones meet. There are more than 100 different types of arthritis.
Diseases & Conditions
Ascariasis
Ascariasis is an infection with the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. Ascaris lumbricoides
Diseases & Conditions
Ascites
Ascites is the build-up of fluid in the space between the lining of the abdomen and abdominal organs.
Diseases & Conditions
Asherman syndrome
Asherman syndrome is the formation of scar tissue in the uterine cavity. The problem most often develops after uterine surgery.
Diseases & Conditions
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic disease that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and become narrow. It leads to breathing difficulty such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
Diseases & Conditions
Asthma in children
Asthma is a disease that causes the airways to swell and get narrow. It leads to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma wheezing
Diseases & Conditions
Asymptomatic HIV infection
Asymptomatic HIV infection is the second stage of HIV/AIDS. During this stage, there are no symptoms of HIV infection. This stage is also called chronic HIV infection or clinical latency. HIV/AIDS During...
Diseases & Conditions
Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Most of the time, your urine is sterile. This means there are no bacteria growing. On the other hand, if you have symptoms of a bladder or kidney infection, bacteria will often be present and growing in...
Diseases & Conditions
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, sometimes called "hardening of the arteries," occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. These deposits are called plaques. Over time, these plaques...
Diseases & Conditions
Athlete's foot
Athlete's foot is an infection of the feet caused by fungus. The medical term is tinea pedis or ringworm of the foot.
Diseases & Conditions
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a long-term (chronic) skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes. It is a type of eczema. Other forms of dermatitis include: Contact dermatitisDyshidrotic eczemaNummular eczemaSeborrheic...
Diseases & Conditions
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a problem caused by the presence of one or more of these findings: Not being able to focusBeing overactiveNot being able to control behavior Not being...
Diseases & Conditions
Atypical pneumonia
Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. With atypical pneumonia, the infection is caused by different bacteria than the more common ones that cause pneumonia. Atypical...
Diseases & Conditions
Autism spectrum disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder. It often appears in the first 2 to 3 years of life. ASD affects the brain's ability to develop normal social and communication skills.
Diseases & Conditions
Autism spectrum disorder - Asperger syndrome
Asperger syndrome is often considered a high functioning form of autism. It can lead to difficulty interacting socially, repetitive behaviors, and clumsiness. Asperger syndrome, however, is no longer used...
Diseases & Conditions
Avian influenza
Avian influenza A viruses cause the influenza (flu) infection in birds. These viruses occur in wild birds and can infect domestic poultry. The viruses that cause the disease in birds can change their genes...
Diseases & Conditions
Bacterial gastroenteritis
Bacterial gastroenteritis occurs when there is a bacterial infection of your stomach or intestines.
Diseases & Conditions
Bartholin cyst or abscess
Bartholin abscess is the buildup of pus that forms a lump (swelling) in one of the Bartholin glands. These glands are found on each side of the vaginal opening. swelling
Diseases & Conditions
Basal cell skin cancer
Basal cell cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. Most skin cancers are basal cell cancer. Other common types of skin cancer are: Squamous cell cancerMelanoma Squamous cell cancer...
Diseases & Conditions
Bell palsy
Bell palsy is a disorder of the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face. This nerve is called the facial or seventh cranial nerve. Damage to this nerve causes weakness or paralysis of these...
Diseases & Conditions
Benign positional vertigo
Benign positional vertigo is the most common type of vertigo. Vertigo is the feeling that you are spinning or that everything is spinning around you. It may occur when you move your head in a certain position...
Diseases & Conditions
Beriberi
Beriberi is a disease in which the body does not have enough thiamine (vitamin B1). thiamine
Diseases & Conditions
Bile duct obstruction
Bile duct obstruction is a blockage in the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine.
Diseases & Conditions
Bile duct stricture
A bile duct stricture is an abnormal narrowing, most often of the common bile duct. This is a tube that moves bile from the liver to the small intestine. Bile is a substance that helps with digestion. bile
Diseases & Conditions
Biliary atresia
Biliary atresia is a blockage in the tubes (ducts) that carry a liquid called bile from the liver to the gallbladder.
Diseases & Conditions
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is a mental condition in which a person has wide or extreme swings in their mood. Periods of feeling sad and depressed may alternate with periods of intense excitement and activity or being...
Diseases & Conditions
Birthmarks - pigmented
A birthmark is a skin marking that is present at birth. Birthmarks include cafe-au-lait spots, moles, and Mongolian spots. Birthmarks can be red or other colors. red
Diseases & Conditions
Bladder stones
Bladder stones are hard buildups of minerals. These form in the urinary bladder.
Diseases & Conditions
Bleeding disorders
Bleeding disorders are a group of conditions in which there is a problem with the body's blood clotting process. These disorders can lead to heavy and prolonged bleeding after an injury or surgery. Bleeding...
Diseases & Conditions
Blood clots
Blood clots are clumps that occur when blood hardens from a liquid to a solid. A blood clot that forms inside one of your veins or arteries is called a thrombus. A thrombus may also form in your heart....
Diseases & Conditions
Body lice
Body lice are tiny insects (scientific name is Pediculus humanus corporis) that are spread through close contact with other people. Pediculus humanus corporis Two other types of lice are: Head licePubic...
Diseases & Conditions
Boils
A boil is an infection that affects groups of hair follicles and nearby skin tissue. Related conditions include folliculitis, an inflammation of one or more hair follicles, and carbunculosis, a skin infection...
Diseases & Conditions
Brain abscess
A brain abscess is a collection of pus, immune cells, and other material in the brain, caused by a bacterial or fungal infection.
Diseases & Conditions
Breast infection
A breast infection is an infection in the tissue of the breast.
Diseases & Conditions
Breath-holding spell
Some children have breath-holding spells. This is an involuntary stop in breathing that is not in the child's control.
Diseases & Conditions
Brief resolved unexplained event - BRUE
A brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) is when an infant younger than one year stops breathing, has a change in muscle tone, turns pale or blue in color, or is unresponsive. The event occurs suddenly...
Diseases & Conditions
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is swelling and mucus buildup in the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchioles). It is usually due to a viral infection.
Diseases & Conditions
Brucellosis
Brucellosis is a bacterial infection that occurs from contact with animals carrying brucella bacteria.
Diseases & Conditions
Bruxism
Bruxism is when you grind your teeth (slide your teeth back and forth over each other).
Diseases & Conditions
Bulimia
Bulimia is an eating disorder in which a person has regular episodes of eating a very large amount of food (bingeing) during which the person feels a loss of control over their eating. The person then uses...
Diseases & Conditions
Bullous pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid is a skin disorder characterized by blisters. blisters
Diseases & Conditions
Bunions
A bunion forms when your big toe points outward toward your second toe. This causes a bump to appear on the inside edge of your toe.
Diseases & Conditions
Bursitis
Bursitis is the swelling and irritation of a bursa. A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between muscles, tendons, and bones.
Diseases & Conditions
Bursitis of the heel
Bursitis of the heel is swelling of the fluid-filled sac (bursa) at the back of the heel bone.
Diseases & Conditions
CMV pneumonia
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is a viral infection of the lungs that can occur in people who have a suppressed immune system.
Diseases & Conditions
CMV retinitis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a viral infection of the retina of the eye resulting in inflammation.
Diseases & Conditions
Campylobacter infection
Campylobacter infection occurs in the small intestine from bacteria called Campylobacter jejuni. It is a type of bacterial food poisoning. Campylobacter jejuni
Diseases & Conditions
Canker sore
A canker sore is a painful, open sore in the mouth. Canker sores are white or yellow and surrounded by a bright red area. They are not cancerous. A canker sore is not the same as a fever blister (cold sore...
Diseases & Conditions
Carbuncle
A carbuncle is a skin infection that often involves a group of hair follicles. The infected material forms a lump, which occurs deep in the skin and often contains pus. When a person has many carbuncles...
Diseases & Conditions
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is excessive pressure on the median nerve at the wrist. This is the nerve that allows feeling and movement to parts of the hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome...
Diseases & Conditions
Cat-scratch disease
Cat-scratch disease is an infection with bartonella bacteria. It is transmitted by cat scratches, cat bites, or flea bites.
Diseases & Conditions
Celiac disease – sprue
Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition that damages the lining of the small intestine. This damage comes from a reaction to eating gluten. This is a substance that is found in wheat, rye, barley, and...
Diseases & Conditions
Cellulitis
Cellulitis is a common skin infection caused by bacteria. It affects the middle layer of the skin (dermis) and the tissues below. Sometimes, muscle below the skin can be affected.
Diseases & Conditions
Cervical dysplasia
Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina. cervix The changes are not...
Diseases & Conditions
Cervical spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis is a disorder in which there is wear on the cartilage (disks) and bones and joints of the neck (cervical vertebrae). It is a common cause of chronic neck pain.
Diseases & Conditions
Cervicitis
Cervicitis is swelling or inflamed tissue of the end of the uterus (cervix). cervix
Diseases & Conditions
Chalazion
A chalazion is a small bump in the eyelid caused by a blockage of a tiny oil gland.
Diseases & Conditions
Chancroid
Chancroid is a bacterial infection that is spread through sexual contact.
Diseases & Conditions
Charley horse
A charley horse is the common name for a muscle spasm or cramp. Muscle spasms can occur in any muscle in the body, but often happen in the leg. When a muscle is in spasm, it contracts without your control...
Diseases & Conditions
Cherry angioma
A cherry angioma is a noncancerous (benign) skin growth made up of blood vessels. benign
Diseases & Conditions
Chickenpox
Chickenpox is a viral infection in which a person develops very itchy blisters all over the body. It was more common in the past. The illness is rare today because of the chickenpox vaccine. chickenpox...
Diseases & Conditions
Chiggers
Chiggers are tiny, 6-legged wingless organisms (larvae) that mature to become a type of mite. Chiggers are found in tall grass and weeds. Their bite causes severe itching.
Diseases & Conditions
Child neglect and emotional abuse
Neglect and emotional abuse can cause a child a lot of harm. It is often hard to see or prove this kind of abuse, so other people may be unlikely to help the child. When a child is being physically or sexually...
Diseases & Conditions
Child physical abuse
Child physical abuse is a serious problem. Here are some facts: Most children who suffer abuse are abused at home or by someone they know. They often love this person, or are afraid of them, so they do...
Diseases & Conditions
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is an infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is most often spread through sexual contact. Chlamydia trachomatis
Diseases & Conditions
Chlamydia infections in women
Chlamydia is an infection that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. This type of infection is known as sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Diseases & Conditions
Chlamydial infections - male
Chlamydia infection in males is usually an infection of the urethra. The urethra is the tube that drains urine from the bladder. It passes through the penis. This type of infection is passed from one person...
Diseases & Conditions
Chronic cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis is swelling and irritation of the gallbladder that continues over time. The gallbladder is a sac located under the liver. It stores bile that is made in the liver. Bile helps with...
Diseases & Conditions
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease is the slow loss of kidney function over time. The main job of the kidneys is to remove wastes and excess water from the body.
Diseases & Conditions
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease. Having COPD makes it hard to breathe. There are two main forms of COPD: Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucusEmphysema...
Diseases & Conditions
Chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease)
Chronic thyroiditis is caused by a reaction of the immune system against the thyroid gland. It often results in reduced thyroid function (hypothyroidism). hypothyroidism The disorder is also called Hashimoto...
Diseases & Conditions
Chylomicronemia syndrome
Chylomicronemia syndrome is a disorder in which the body does not break down fats (lipids) correctly. This causes fat particles called chylomicrons to build up in the blood. The disorder is passed down...
Diseases & Conditions
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver and poor liver function. It is the last stage of chronic liver disease.
Diseases & Conditions
Clubfoot
Clubfoot is a condition that involves both the foot and lower leg in which the foot turns inward and downward. It is a congenital condition, which means it is present at birth.
Diseases & Conditions
Cluster headache
A cluster headache is an uncommon type of headache. It is one-sided head pain that may involve tearing of the eyes, a droopy eyelid, and a stuffy nose. Attacks last from 15 minutes to 3 hours, occur daily...
Diseases & Conditions
Cocaine intoxication
Cocaine is an illegal stimulant drug that affects your central nervous system. Cocaine comes from the coca plant. When used, cocaine causes the brain to release higher than normal amounts of some chemicals...
Diseases & Conditions
Cocaine withdrawal
Cocaine withdrawal occurs when someone who has used a lot of cocaine cuts down or quits taking the drug. Symptoms of withdrawal can occur even if the user is not completely off cocaine and still has some...
Diseases & Conditions
Colitis
Colitis is swelling (inflammation) of the large intestine (colon).
Diseases & Conditions
Colorado tick fever
Colorado tick fever (CTF) is a viral infection. It is spread by the bite of the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni). Dermacentor andersoni
Diseases & Conditions
Colorectal polyps
A colorectal polyp is a growth on the lining of the colon or rectum.
Diseases & Conditions
Common cold
The common cold most often causes a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. You may also have a sore throat, cough, headache, or other symptoms.
Diseases & Conditions
Community-acquired pneumonia in adults
Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. This article covers community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This type of pneumonia is found in people who have not recently been in...
Diseases & Conditions
Complex regional pain syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a long-term (chronic) pain condition that can affect any area of the body, but often affects an arm or a leg. chronic
Diseases & Conditions
Compression fractures of the back
Compression fractures of the back are broken vertebrae. Vertebrae are the bones of the spine.
Diseases & Conditions
Conduct disorder
Conduct disorder is a set of ongoing emotional and behavioral problems that occurs in children and teens. Problems may involve defiant or impulsive behavior, drug use, or criminal activity.
Diseases & Conditions
Congenital antithrombin III deficiency
Congenital antithrombin III (three) deficiency is a genetic disorder that causes the blood to clot more than normal. genetic
Diseases & Conditions
Conjunctivitis or pink eye
The conjunctiva is a clear layer of tissue lining the eyelids and covering the white of the eye. Conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes swollen or inflamed. conjunctiva This swelling can be...
Diseases & Conditions
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is a condition in which the skin becomes red, sore, or inflamed after direct contact with a substance.
Diseases & Conditions
Corneal injury
Corneal injury is a wound to the part of the eye known as the cornea. The cornea is the crystal clear (transparent) tissue that covers the front of the eye. It works with the lens of the eye to focus images...
Diseases & Conditions
Corneal ulcers and infections
The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of the eye. A corneal ulcer is an open sore in the outer layer of the cornea. It is often caused by infection. At first, a corneal ulcer may seem like conjunctivitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Corns and calluses
Corns and calluses are thick layers of skin. They are caused by repeated pressure or friction at the spot where the corn or callus develops.
Diseases & Conditions
Coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses. Infection with these viruses generally causes mild to moderate respiratory illnesses, such as the common cold. Some coronaviruses cause severe illness that can lead...
Diseases & Conditions
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that causes fever, coughing, and shortness of breath, but many other symptoms can occur. COVID-19 is caused by a highly infectious virus. Most...
Diseases & Conditions
Costochondritis
All but your lowest 2 ribs are connected to your breastbone by cartilage. This cartilage can become inflamed and cause pain. This condition is called costochondritis. It is a common cause of chest pain...
Diseases & Conditions
Cradle cap
Cradle cap is seborrheic dermatitis that affects the scalp of infants. seborrheic dermatitis
Diseases & Conditions
Crohn disease
Crohn disease is a disease where parts of the digestive tract become inflamed. It most often involves the lower end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine.It may also occur in any...
Diseases & Conditions
Croup
Croup is an infection of the upper airways that causes breathing difficulty and a barking cough. Croup is due to swelling around the vocal cords. It is common in infants and children. breathing difficulty
Diseases & Conditions
Cryptosporidium enteritis
Cryptosporidium enteritis is an infection of the small intestine that causes diarrhea. The parasite cryptosporidium causes this infection. diarrhea
Diseases & Conditions
Cutaneous skin tag
A cutaneous skin tag is a common skin growth. Most of the time, it is harmless.
Diseases & Conditions
Cyclothymic disorder
Cyclothymic disorder is a mental disorder. It is a mild form of bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness), in which a person has mood swings over a period of years that go from mild depression to emotional...
Diseases & Conditions
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body. It is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children and young...
Diseases & Conditions
Cysticercosis
Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in different areas of the body. Taenia solium T solium cysts
Diseases & Conditions
Cystitis - acute
Acute cystitis is an infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract. Acute means that the infection begins suddenly.
Diseases & Conditions
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a disease caused by a type of herpes virus.
Diseases & Conditions
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein deep inside a part of the body. DVT mainly affects the large veins in the lower leg and thigh, but can occur in other...
Diseases & Conditions
Delayed puberty in boys
Delayed puberty in boys is when puberty does not begin by 14 years of age.
When puberty is delayed, these changes either don't occur or don't progress normally. Delayed puberty is more common in boys than...
Diseases & Conditions
Delayed puberty in girls
Delayed puberty in girls occurs when breasts don't develop by age 13 or menstrual periods do not begin by age 16. Puberty changes occur when the body starts making sex hormones. These changes normally begin...
Diseases & Conditions
Delirium
Delirium is sudden severe confusion due to rapid changes in brain function that can occur with physical or mental illness. confusion
Diseases & Conditions
Delirium tremens
Delirium tremens is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal. It involves sudden and severe mental or nervous system changes. alcohol withdrawal
Diseases & Conditions
Dementia
Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. It affects one or more brain functions such as memory, thinking, language, judgment, or behavior. Dementia may also be referred to...
Diseases & Conditions
Depression in older adults
Depression is a mental health condition. It is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration are present nearly every day for at least 2 weeks. They often interfere with daily...
Diseases & Conditions
Dermal melanocytosis
Dermal melanocytosis is the name of a kind of birthmark that is flat and blue, or blue-gray in color. They appear at birth or in the first few weeks of life. Dermal melanocytosis was formerly called Mongolian...
Diseases & Conditions
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a very itchy rash consisting of bumps and blisters. The rash is chronic (long-term). blisters
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental differences of the female genital tract
Developmental differences of the female reproductive tract affect the reproductive organs of a female infant. They occur while the baby is growing in the mother's womb. Female reproductive organs include...
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a dislocation of the hip joint that is present at birth. The condition is found in babies or young children.
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental expressive language disorder
Developmental expressive language disorder is a condition in which a child has lower than normal ability in vocabulary, saying complex sentences, and remembering words. However, a child with this disorder...
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental reading disorder
Developmental reading disorder (DRD) is a reading disability that occurs when the brain does not properly recognize and process certain symbols. It is also called dyslexia.
Diseases & Conditions
Diabetes
Diabetes is a long-term (chronic) disease in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar in the blood.
Diseases & Conditions
Diabetes and nerve damage
Nerve damage that occurs in people with diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy. This condition is a complication of diabetes. diabetes
Diseases & Conditions
Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome
Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes. It involves an extremely high blood sugar (glucose) level without the presence of ketones. type 2 diabetes
Diseases & Conditions
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening problem that affects people with diabetes. It occurs when the body starts breaking down fat at a rate that is much too fast. The liver processes the fat...
Diseases & Conditions
Diaper rash
Diaper rash is a skin problem that develops in the area under an infant's diaper.
Diseases & Conditions
Dificultad con la deglución
Es la sensación de que el alimento sólido o líquido se atora en la garganta o en cualquier punto antes de que este ingrese al estómago. Este problema también se denomina disfagia.
Diseases & Conditions
Diverticulitis
Diverticula are small, bulging sacs or pouches that form on the inner wall of the intestine. Diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected. Most often, these pouches are in the lower...
Diseases & Conditions
Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis occurs when small, bulging sacs or pouches form on the inner wall of the intestine. These sacs are called diverticula. Most often, these pouches form in the large intestine (colon). They...
Diseases & Conditions
Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)
Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is rarely seen in the United States.
Diseases & Conditions
Down syndrome
Down syndrome is a genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. chromosomes
Diseases & Conditions
Drug-induced diarrhea
Drug-induced diarrhea is loose, watery stools that occur when you take certain medicines. diarrhea
Diseases & Conditions
Dry eye syndrome
You need tears to moisten your eyes and to wash away particles that have gotten into your eyes. A healthy tear film on the eye is necessary for good vision. Dry eyes develop when the eye is unable to maintain...
Diseases & Conditions
Dry skin
Dry skin occurs when your skin loses too much water and oil. Dry skin is common and can affect anyone at any age. The medical term for dry skin is xerosis.
Diseases & Conditions
Dupuytren contracture
Dupuytren contracture is a painless thickening and tightening (contracture) of tissue beneath the skin on the palm and fingers.
Diseases & Conditions
Dysarthria
Dysarthria is a condition in which you have difficulty saying words because of problems with the muscles that help you talk.
Diseases & Conditions
E coli enteritis
E coli enteritis is swelling (inflammation) of the small intestine from Escherichia coli (E coli) bacteria. It is the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea. E coli Escherichia coli E coli
Diseases & Conditions
ECHO virus
Enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) viruses are a group of viruses that can lead to infections in different parts of the body, and skin rashes.
Diseases & Conditions
Ear infection - acute
Suspected ear infections are one of the most common reasons parents take their children to their health care provider. The most common type of ear infection is called otitis media. It is caused by swelling...
Diseases & Conditions
Ear infection - chronic
Chronic ear infection is fluid, swelling, or an infection behind the eardrum that does not go away or keeps coming back. It may cause long-term or permanent damage to the ear and involves a hole in the...
Diseases & Conditions
Ear wax
The ear canal is lined with hair follicles. The ear canal also has glands that produce a waxy oil called cerumen. The wax will most often make its way to the opening of the ear. There it will fall out or...
Diseases & Conditions
Ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs outside the womb (uterus).
Diseases & Conditions
Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial infection transmitted by the bite of a tick.
Diseases & Conditions
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when cells from the lining of your womb (uterus) grow in other areas of your body. This can cause pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, vaginal bleeding between periods, and problems getting...
Diseases & Conditions
Endometritis
Endometritis is an inflammation or irritation of the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It is not the same as endometriosis. endometriosis
Diseases & Conditions
Enlarged prostate
The prostate is a gland that produces some of the fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine passes out of the body. An enlarged...
Diseases & Conditions
Enteritis
Enteritis is inflammation of the small intestine.
Diseases & Conditions
Epididymitis
Epididymitis is swelling (inflammation) of the tube that connects the testicle with the vas deferens. The tube is called the epididymis.
Diseases & Conditions
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis. This is the tissue-lined cartilage that covers the trachea (windpipe) while swallowing. Epiglottitis can be a life-threatening disease.
Diseases & Conditions
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures over time. Seizures are episodes of uncontrolled and abnormal electrical activity of brain cells that may cause changes in attention...
Diseases & Conditions
Epstein pearls
Epstein pearls are whitish-yellow cysts. These form on the gums and roof of the mouth in a newborn baby. newborn baby Milia are a similar type of skin problem in babies. Milia
Diseases & Conditions
Erection problems
An erection problem occurs when a man cannot get or keep an erection that is firm enough for intercourse. You may not be able to get an erection at all. Or, you may lose the erection during intercourse...
Diseases & Conditions
Erysipelas
Erysipelas is a type of skin infection. It affects the outermost layer of the skin and the local lymph nodes.
Diseases & Conditions
Essential tremor
Essential tremor (ET) is a type of involuntary shaking movement. It has no identified cause. Involuntary means you shake without trying to do so and are not able to stop the shaking at will.
Diseases & Conditions
Eustachian tube patency
Eustachian tube patency refers to how much the eustachian tube is open. The eustachian tube runs between the middle ear and the throat. It controls the pressure behind the eardrum in the middle ear space...
Diseases & Conditions
Excessive or unwanted hair in women
Most of the time, women have fine hair above their lips and on their chin, chest, abdomen, or back. The growth of coarse dark hair in these areas (more typical of male-pattern hair growth) is called hirsutism...
Diseases & Conditions
Eyelid bump
Most bumps on the eyelid are styes. A stye is an inflamed oil gland on the edge of your eyelid, where the eyelash meets the lid. It appears as a red, swollen bump that looks like a pimple. It is often tender...
Diseases & Conditions
Eyelid twitch
An eyelid twitch is a general term for spasms of the eyelid muscles. These spasms happen without your control. The eyelid may repeatedly close (or nearly close) and reopen. This article discusses eyelid...
Diseases & Conditions
Factor V deficiency
Factor V deficiency is a bleeding disorder that is passed down through families. It affects the ability of the blood to clot. bleeding disorder
Diseases & Conditions
Factor VII deficiency
Factor VII (seven) deficiency is a disorder caused by a lack of a protein called factor VII in the blood. It leads to problems with blood clotting (coagulation).
Diseases & Conditions
Factor XII (Hageman factor) deficiency
Factor XII (twelve) deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects a protein (factor XII) involved in blood clotting.
Diseases & Conditions
Failure to thrive
Failure to thrive refers to children whose current weight or rate of weight gain is much lower than that of other children of similar age and sex.
Diseases & Conditions
Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency is a group of rare genetic disorders in which a person lacks a protein needed to break down fat molecules. The disorder causes a large amount of fat to build up in...
Diseases & Conditions
Farsightedness
Farsightedness is having a harder time seeing objects that are close than things that are far away. The term is often used to describe the need for reading glasses as you get older. However, the correct...
Diseases & Conditions
Febrile seizures
A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a child triggered by a fever. convulsion fever
Diseases & Conditions
Fecal impaction
A fecal impaction is a large lump of dry, hard stool that stays stuck in the rectum. It is most often seen in people who are constipated for a long time.
Diseases & Conditions
Female pattern baldness
Female pattern baldness is the most common type of hair loss in women. hair loss
Diseases & Conditions
Femoral hernia
A hernia occurs when the contents of the abdomen push through a weak point or tear in the muscle wall of the belly. This layer of muscle holds the abdominal organs in place. hernia A femoral hernia is a...
Diseases & Conditions
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are groupings of growth, mental, and physical problems that may occur in a baby when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the...
Diseases & Conditions
Fibroadenoma of the breast
Fibroadenoma of the breast is a benign tumor. Benign tumor means it is not a cancer.
Diseases & Conditions
Fibrocystic breasts
Fibrocystic breasts are painful, lumpy breasts. Formerly called fibrocystic breast disease, this common condition is, in fact, not a disease. Many women experience these normal breast changes, usually around...
Diseases & Conditions
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a condition in which a person has long-term pain that is spread throughout their body. The pain is most often accompanied by fatigue, sleep problems, difficulty concentrating, headaches...
Diseases & Conditions
Fifth disease
Fifth disease is caused by a virus that leads to a rash on the cheeks, arms, and legs.
Diseases & Conditions
Fish tapeworm infection
Fish tapeworm infection is an intestinal infection with a parasite found in fish.
Diseases & Conditions
Flat feet
Flat feet (pes planus) refer to a difference in foot shape in which the foot does not have a normal arch when standing.
Diseases & Conditions
Fleas
Fleas are small insects that feed on the blood of humans, dogs, cats, and other warm-blooded animals.
Diseases & Conditions
Flu
The flu (influenza) is a viral respiratory illness that causes fever, chills, runny nose, body aches, and cough. It spreads easily from person to person. The flu can cause moderate to severe symptoms. Most...
Diseases & Conditions
Folate deficiency
Folate deficiency means you have a lower-than-normal amount of folic acid, a type of vitamin B, in your blood. folic acid
Diseases & Conditions
Folate-deficiency anemia
Folate-deficiency anemia is a decrease in red blood cells (anemia) due to a lack of folate. Folate is a type of B vitamin. It is also called folic acid. anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does...
Diseases & Conditions
Folliculitis
Folliculitis is inflammation of one or more hair follicles. It can occur anywhere on the skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Food allergy
A food allergy is a type of immune response triggered by eggs, peanuts, milk, shellfish or some other specific food.
Diseases & Conditions
Food poisoning
Food poisoning occurs when you swallow food or water that contains bacteria, parasites, viruses, or the toxins made by these germs. Most cases are caused by common bacteria such as staphylococcus or E coli...
Diseases & Conditions
Frozen shoulder
Frozen shoulder is a condition in which the shoulder is painful and loses motion because of inflammation.
Diseases & Conditions
Fungal nail infection
Fungal nail infection is a fungus growing in and around your fingernail or toenail.
Diseases & Conditions
Gallstones
Gallstones are hard deposits that form inside the gallbladder. These may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.
Diseases & Conditions
Gastritis
Gastritis occurs when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen. Gastritis may last for only a short time (acute gastritis) or it may linger for months to years (chronic gastritis).
Diseases & Conditions
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the esophagus (food pipe). Food travels from your mouth to the stomach through your...
Diseases & Conditions
Gastroesophageal reflux in infants
Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the esophagus. This causes "spitting up" in infants. spitting up
Diseases & Conditions
Gastroparesis
Gastroparesis is a condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its solid contents. It does not involve a blockage (obstruction) of the outlet of the stomach.
Diseases & Conditions
Generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder in which a person is often worried or anxious about many things and finds it hard to control this anxiety.
Diseases & Conditions
Generalized anxiety disorder in children
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder in which a child is often worried or anxious about many things and finds it hard to control this anxiety.
Diseases & Conditions
Genital herpes
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). This article focuses on HSV type 2 infection.
Diseases & Conditions
Genital warts
Genital warts are soft growths on the skin and mucous membranes of the genitals. They may be found on the penis, vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, and around and in the anus. vulva Genital warts are spread...
Diseases & Conditions
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that starts or is first diagnosed during pregnancy.
Diseases & Conditions
Giant cell arteritis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is inflammation and damage to the blood vessels that supply blood to the head, neck, upper body and arms. It is also called temporal arteritis.
Diseases & Conditions
Giant congenital nevus
A congenital pigmented or melanocytic nevus is a dark-colored, often hairy, patch of skin. It is present at birth or appears in the first year of life. A giant congenital nevus is smaller in infants and...
Diseases & Conditions
Giardia infection
Giardia, or giardiasis, is a parasitic infection of the small intestine. A tiny parasite called Giardia lamblia causes it. Giardia lamblia
Diseases & Conditions
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Diseases & Conditions
Gout
Gout is a type of arthritis. It occurs when uric acid builds up in the blood and causes inflammation in the joints. uric acid Acute gout is a painful condition that often affects only one joint. Chronic...
Diseases & Conditions
Granuloma annulare
Granuloma annulare (GA) is a long-term (chronic) skin disease consisting of a rash with reddish bumps arranged in a circle or ring. chronic
Diseases & Conditions
Gumma
A gumma is a soft, tumor-like growth of the tissues (granuloma) that occurs in people with syphilis.
Diseases & Conditions
Guttate psoriasis
Guttate psoriasis is a skin condition in which small, red, scaly, teardrop-shaped spots with silvery scale appear on the arms, legs, and middle of the body. Gutta means "drop" in Latin.
Diseases & Conditions
H1N1 influenza (Swine flu)
The H1N1 virus (swine flu) is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs. It is caused by the H1N1 influenza virus.
Diseases & Conditions
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus attacks and weakens the immune system. As the immune...
Diseases & Conditions
Hammer toe
Hammer toe is a deformity of the toe. The toe moves into a claw-like position. The end of the toe is bent downward.
Diseases & Conditions
Hand-foot-mouth disease
Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common viral infection that most often begins in the throat.
Diseases & Conditions
Head lice
Head lice are tiny insects that live on the skin covering the top of your head (scalp). Head lice may also be found in the eyebrows and eyelashes. Lice spread by close contact with other people.
Diseases & Conditions
Hearing loss - infants
Hearing loss is not being able to hear sound in one or both ears. Infants may lose all of their hearing or just part of it.
Diseases & Conditions
Heart failure
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body efficiently. This causes symptoms to occur throughout the body.
Diseases & Conditions
Hemangioma
A hemangioma is an abnormal buildup of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs.
Diseases & Conditions
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anus or lower part of the rectum.
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is swelling and inflammation of the liver.
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the liver from the hepatitis A virus.
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis A - children
Hepatitis A in children is swelling and inflamed tissue of the liver due to the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A is the most common type of hepatitis in children.
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the liver due to infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Other types of viral hepatitis include hepatitis A, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis B - children
Hepatitis B in children is swelling and inflamed tissue of the liver due to infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Other common hepatitis virus infections include hepatitis A and hepatitis C. hepatitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liver. Other types of viral hepatitis include: Hepatitis AHepatitis BHepatitis DHepatitis E Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Hepatitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis C - children
Hepatitis C in children is inflammation of tissue of the liver. It occurs due to infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Other common hepatitis virus infections include hepatitis A and hepatitis B. hepatitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Hernia
A hernia is a sac formed by the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum). The sac comes through a hole or weak area in the strong layer of the belly wall that surrounds the muscle. This layer is called...
Diseases & Conditions
Herniated disk
A herniated (slipped) disk occurs when all or part of a disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk. This may place pressure on nearby nerves or the spinal cord.
Diseases & Conditions
Herpangina
Herpangina is a viral illness that involves ulcers and sores (lesions) inside the mouth, a sore throat, and fever. Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a related topic. Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Diseases & Conditions
Herpes - oral
Oral herpes is an infection of the lips, mouth, or gums due to the herpes simplex virus. It causes small, painful blisters commonly called cold sores or fever blisters. Oral herpes is also called herpes...
Diseases & Conditions
Herpetic stomatitis
Herpetic stomatitis is a viral infection of the mouth that causes sores and ulcers. These mouth ulcers are not the same as canker sores, which are not caused by a virus. canker sores
Diseases & Conditions
Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach extends through an opening of the diaphragm into the chest. The diaphragm is the sheet of muscle that divides the chest from the abdomen.
Diseases & Conditions
High arch
High arch is a foot arch that is raised more than normal. The arch runs from the toes to the heel on the bottom of the foot. It is also called pes cavus. High arch is the opposite of flat feet. flat feet
Diseases & Conditions
High blood cholesterol levels
Cholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that your body needs to work properly. Too much bad cholesterol in your blood can increase your chance of getting heart disease, stroke, and other problems. heart...
Diseases & Conditions
High blood pressure - children
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. High blood pressure (hypertension) is an increase in this force. This article...
Diseases & Conditions
High blood pressure - medicine-related
Drug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by a chemical substance or medicine. high blood pressure
Diseases & Conditions
High blood pressure in adults - hypertension
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the medical term used to describe high blood pressure. Untreated...
Diseases & Conditions
High cholesterol - children
Cholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that the body needs to work properly. There are many types of cholesterol. The ones talked about most are: Total cholesterol - all the cholesterols combinedHigh...
Diseases & Conditions
High potassium level
High potassium level is a problem in which the amount of potassium in the blood is higher than normal. The medical name of this condition is hyperkalemia.
Diseases & Conditions
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis is an infection that occurs from breathing in the spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. spores Histoplasma capsulatum
Diseases & Conditions
Hives
Hives are raised, usually itchy, red bumps (welts) on the surface of the skin. They can be an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They can also appear without cause.
Diseases & Conditions
Hookworm infection
Hookworm infection is caused by roundworms. The disease affects the small intestine and lungs.
Diseases & Conditions
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that occurs during a hospital stay. This type of pneumonia can be very severe. Sometimes, it can be fatal.
Diseases & Conditions
Hot tub folliculitis
Hot tub folliculitis is an infection of the skin around the lower part of the hair shaft (hair follicles). It usually occurs when you come into contact with certain bacteria that live in warm and wet areas...
Diseases & Conditions
Hydrocele
A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum. scrotum
Diseases & Conditions
Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition in which a person sweats excessively and unpredictably. People with hyperhidrosis may sweat even when the temperature is cool or when they are at rest.
Diseases & Conditions
Hypertensive heart disease
Hypertensive heart disease refers to heart problems that occur because of high blood pressure that is present over a long time.
Diseases & Conditions
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. The condition is often called overactive thyroid.
Diseases & Conditions
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Hypogonadism is a condition in which the male testes or the female ovaries produce little or no sex hormones. Hypogonadism testes Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a form of hypogonadism that is due...
Diseases & Conditions
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. This condition is often called underactive thyroid.
Diseases & Conditions
Impetigo
Impetigo is a common infection of the outermost layer of the skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Infectious myringitis
Infectious myringitis is an infection that causes painful blisters on the eardrum (tympanic membrane). blisters
Diseases & Conditions
Infertility
Infertility means you cannot get pregnant (conceive). There are 2 types of infertility: Primary infertility refers to couples who have not become pregnant after at least 1 year having sex without using...
Diseases & Conditions
Ingrown toenail
An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the skin of the toe.
Diseases & Conditions
Insomnia
Insomnia is trouble falling asleep, staying asleep (usually through the night), or waking up too early in the morning. Episodes of insomnia may come and go or be long-lasting. The quality of your sleep...
Diseases & Conditions
Intellectual disability
Intellectual disability is a condition diagnosed before age 18 that includes below-average intellectual function and a lack of skills necessary for daily living. In the past, the term mental retardation...
Diseases & Conditions
Interstitial cystitis
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a long-term (chronic) problem in which pain, pressure, or burning is present in the bladder. It is often associated with urinary frequency or urgency. It is also called painful...
Diseases & Conditions
Interstitial lung disease
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung disorders in which the lung tissues become inflamed and then damaged.
Diseases & Conditions
Intestinal obstruction and Ileus
Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel. The contents of the intestine cannot pass through it.
Diseases & Conditions
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types and causes of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia occurs...
Diseases & Conditions
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that leads to pain in abdomen and changes in bowel movements. IBS is not the same as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Diseases & Conditions
Jaundice
Jaundice is a yellow color of the skin, mucus membranes, or eyes. The yellow coloring comes from bilirubin, a byproduct of old red blood cells. Jaundice can be a symptom of several health problems.
Diseases & Conditions
Jaundice and breastfeeding
Jaundice is a condition that causes the skin and whites of the eyes to turn yellow. There are two common problems that may occur in newborns receiving breast milk. If jaundice is seen after the first week...
Diseases & Conditions
Jock itch
Jock itch is an infection of the groin area caused by a fungus. The medical term is tinea cruris or ringworm of the groin.
Diseases & Conditions
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a term used to describe a group of disorders in children that includes arthritis. They are long-term (chronic) diseases that cause joint pain and swelling. The names...
Diseases & Conditions
Keloids
A keloid is a growth of extra scar tissue. It occurs where the skin has healed after an injury.
Diseases & Conditions
Keratosis pilaris
Keratosis pilaris is a common skin condition in which a protein in the skin called keratin forms hard plugs within hair follicles.
Diseases & Conditions
Kidney stones
A kidney stone is a solid mass made up of tiny crystals. One or more stones can be in the kidney or ureter at the same time.
Diseases & Conditions
Knock knees
Knock knees are a condition in which the knees touch, but the ankles do not touch. The legs turn inward.
Diseases & Conditions
Kyphosis
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back. This leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.
Diseases & Conditions
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is irritation and swelling of the inner ear. It can cause vertigo and hearing loss.
Diseases & Conditions
Lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis refers to lactic acid build up in the bloodstream. Lactic acid is produced when oxygen levels become low in cells within the areas of the body where metabolism takes place or in response...
Diseases & Conditions
Lactose intolerance
Lactose is a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. An enzyme called lactase is needed by the body to digest lactose. Lactose intolerance develops when the small intestine does not make enough...
Diseases & Conditions
Laryngitis
Laryngitis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the voice box (larynx). The problem is most often associated with hoarseness or loss of voice. hoarseness
Diseases & Conditions
Lichen simplex chronicus
Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is a skin condition caused by chronic itching and scratching. chronic
Diseases & Conditions
Liver disease
The term "liver disease" applies to many conditions that stop the liver from working or prevent it from functioning well. Abdominal pain or swelling, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), or abnormal...
Diseases & Conditions
Liver spots
Liver spots are flat, brown or black spots that can appear on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun. They have nothing to do with the liver or liver function.
Diseases & Conditions
Long COVID
Most people who have COVID-19 recover completely. Some people continue to have health problems after having COVID-19. This is called long COVID. COVID-19 Long COVID can happen in people who had mild to...
Diseases & Conditions
Low back pain - acute
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Acute back pain can last for a few...
Diseases & Conditions
Low back pain - chronic
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Low back pain that is long-term is...
Diseases & Conditions
Low blood pressure
Low blood pressure occurs when blood pressure is below normal. This means the heart, brain, and other parts of the body may not get enough blood. In adults, the normal blood pressure is between 90/60 mmHg...
Diseases & Conditions
Low blood sugar
Low blood sugar is a condition that occurs when the body's blood sugar (glucose) decreases and is too low. Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) is considered low. Blood sugar at or below this level can...
Diseases & Conditions
Lyme disease
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that is spread through the bite of one of several types of ticks.
Diseases & Conditions
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Diseases & Conditions
MSG symptom complex
MSG symptom complex is a set of symptoms associated with eating food with the additive monosodium glutamate (MSG). MSG is the sodium salt of a common amino acid, glutamic acid. MSG is found naturally in...
Diseases & Conditions
Major depression
Depression is feeling sad, blue, unhappy, or down in the dumps. Most people feel this way once in a while. Major depression is a mood disorder. It occurs when feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration...
Diseases & Conditions
Major depression with psychotic features
Major depression with psychotic features is a mental disorder in which a person has depression along with loss of touch with reality (psychosis). psychosis
Diseases & Conditions
Malabsorption
Malabsorption involves problems with the body's ability to take in (absorb) nutrients from food.
Diseases & Conditions
Male pattern baldness
Male pattern baldness is the most common type of hair loss in men.
Diseases & Conditions
Malnutrition
Malnutrition is the condition that occurs when your body does not get enough nutrients.
Diseases & Conditions
Malocclusion of teeth
Malocclusion means the teeth are not aligned properly.
Diseases & Conditions
Measles
Measles is a very contagious (easily spread) illness caused by a virus.
Diseases & Conditions
Medial epicondylitis - golfer's elbow
Medial epicondylitis is soreness or pain on the inside of the lower arm near the elbow. It is commonly called golfer's elbow.
Diseases & Conditions
Medicines for ADHD
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a problem that most often affects children. Adults may be affected as well. People with ADHD may have problems with: ADHD Being able to focusBeing over...
Diseases & Conditions
Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It is also the rarest. It is the leading cause of death from skin disease. Other common types of skin cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell...
Diseases & Conditions
Melasma
Melasma is a skin condition that causes patches of dark skin on areas of the face exposed to the sun.
Diseases & Conditions
Meniere disease
Ménière disease is an inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing.
Diseases & Conditions
Menopause
Menopause is the time in a woman's life when her periods (menstruation) stop. Most often, it is a natural, normal body change that occurs between ages 45 to 55. After menopause, a woman can no longer become...
Diseases & Conditions
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.
Diseases & Conditions
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the chance of having coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. coronary artery disease stroke type 2...
Diseases & Conditions
Methemoglobinemia
Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is produced. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries and distributes oxygen to the body...
Diseases & Conditions
Migraine
A migraine is a type of headache. It may occur with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound. In most people, a throbbing pain is felt only on one side of the head.
Diseases & Conditions
Milia
Milia are tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin. They are almost always seen in newborn babies.
Diseases & Conditions
Miscarriage
A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy. Pregnancy losses after the 20th week are called stillbirths. Miscarriage is a naturally occurring event, unlike medicine...
Diseases & Conditions
Miscarriage - threatened
A threatened miscarriage is a condition that indicates the potential for a miscarriage or early pregnancy loss. It might take place before the 20th week of pregnancy.
Diseases & Conditions
Mittelschmerz
Mittelschmerz is one-sided, lower abdominal pain that affects some women. It occurs at or around the time when an egg is released from the ovaries (ovulation).
Diseases & Conditions
Molluscum contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes raised, pearl-like papules or nodules on the skin. papules nodules
Diseases & Conditions
Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis, or mono, is a viral infection that causes fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands, most often in the neck.
Diseases & Conditions
Morton neuroma
Morton neuroma is an injury to the nerve between the toes that causes thickening and pain. It commonly affects the nerve that travels between the 3rd and 4th toes.
Diseases & Conditions
Mouth ulcers
Mouth ulcers are sores or open lesions in the mouth. ulcers
Diseases & Conditions
Mumps
Mumps is a contagious disease that leads to painful swelling of the salivary glands. The salivary glands produce saliva, a liquid that moistens food and helps you chew and swallow. salivary glands
Diseases & Conditions
Munchausen syndrome by proxy
Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a mental illness and a form of child abuse. The caretaker of a child, most often a mother, either makes up fake symptoms or causes real symptoms to make it look like the...
Diseases & Conditions
Muscle disorder
A muscle disorder causes patterns of weakness, loss of muscle tissue, electromyogram (EMG) findings, or biopsy results that suggest a muscle problem. The muscle disorder can be inherited, such as muscular...
Diseases & Conditions
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term illness that affects many body systems. People with this illness are not able to do their usual activities. Sometimes, they may be...
Diseases & Conditions
Myocarditis - pediatric
Pediatric myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle in an infant or young child.
Diseases & Conditions
Myotonia congenita
Myotonia congenita is an inherited condition that affects muscle relaxation. It is congenital, meaning that it is present from birth. It occurs more frequently in northern Scandinavia.
Diseases & Conditions
Nabothian cyst
A nabothian cyst is a lump filled with mucus on the surface of the cervix or cervical canal. The cervix is located at the lower end of the womb (uterus) at the top of the vagina. It is about 1 inch (2....
Diseases & Conditions
Nasal polyps
Nasal polyps are soft, sac-like growths on the lining of the nose or sinuses.
Diseases & Conditions
Nearsightedness
Nearsightedness is when light entering the eye is focused incorrectly. This makes distant objects appear blurred. Nearsightedness is a type of refractive error of the eye. If you are nearsighted, you have...
Diseases & Conditions
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is an uncommon skin condition related to diabetes. It results in reddish brown areas of the skin, most commonly on the lower legs. diabetes
Diseases & Conditions
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is a very rare type of cancerous tumor that develops from nerve tissue. It usually occurs in infants and children. tumor
Diseases & Conditions
Neurocognitive disorder
Neurocognitive disorder is a general term that describes decreased mental function due to a medical disease other than a psychiatric illness. Neurocognitive disorders are grouped into three subcategories...
Diseases & Conditions
Neuromyelitis optica
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a disorder of the central nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. NMO causes inflammation and damage to the optic nerve and spinal...
Diseases & Conditions
Newborn jaundice
Newborn jaundice occurs when a baby has a high level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance that the body creates when it replaces old red blood cells. The liver helps break down the...
Diseases & Conditions
Nicotine and tobacco
The nicotine in tobacco can be addictive like alcohol, cocaine, and morphine.
Diseases & Conditions
Nipple discharge
Nipple discharge is any fluid that comes out of the nipple area in your breast.
Diseases & Conditions
Nummular eczema
Nummular eczema is a dermatitis (skin inflammation) in which itchy, coin-shaped spots or patches appear on the skin. The word nummular is Latin for resembling coins.
Diseases & Conditions
Nursemaid's elbow
Nursemaid's elbow is a dislocation of a bone in the elbow called the radius. Dislocation means the bone slips out of its normal position. dislocation The injury is also called radial head dislocation.
Diseases & Conditions
Nut allergies
A nut allergy is a type of immune response triggered by tree nuts and peanuts. Peanuts are legumes, not nuts, but many people who are allergic to peanuts are also allergic to nuts. Nut allergies are a type...
Diseases & Conditions
Obesity
Obesity means weighing more than what is healthy for a given height. Obesity is a serious, chronic disease. It can lead to other health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers.
Diseases & Conditions
Obesity in children
Obesity in children means having a weight that is higher than what is healthy for a child’s height. Obesity is a serious, chronic disease. Over time, it can lead to other health problems, including diabetes...
Diseases & Conditions
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), and behaviors that drive them to do something over...
Diseases & Conditions
Occupational asthma
Occupational asthma is a lung disorder in which substances found in the workplace cause the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow. This leads to attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness...
Diseases & Conditions
Occupational hearing loss
Occupational hearing loss is damage to the inner ear from noise or vibrations due to certain types of jobs.
Diseases & Conditions
Opiate and opioid withdrawal
Opiates or opioids are drugs used to treat pain. Opiates are derived from plants and opioids are synthetic drugs that have the same actions as opiates. The term narcotic refers to either type of drug. If...
Diseases & Conditions
Opioid intoxication
Opioid-based medicines include morphine, oxycodone, and synthetic (man-made) opioid narcotics, such as fentanyl. They are often prescribed to treat pain after an injury, surgery, or a dental procedure...
Diseases & Conditions
Oppositional defiant disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder is a pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures.
Diseases & Conditions
Oral human papillomavirus infection
Human papillomavirus infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection. The infection is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV can cause genital warts and lead to cervical cancer. Certain...
Diseases & Conditions
Oral mucous cyst
An oral mucous cyst is a painless, thin sac on the inner surface of the mouth. It contains clear fluid. cyst
Diseases & Conditions
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a painful swelling of the bump on the upper part of the shinbone, just below the knee. This bump is called the anterior tibial tubercle.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder. It is due to aging and wear and tear on a joint.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break (fracture). break
Diseases & Conditions
Otitis
Otitis is a term for infection or inflammation of the ear.
Diseases & Conditions
Otitis media with effusion
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is thick or sticky fluid behind the eardrum in the middle ear. It occurs without an ear infection. ear infection Note: This article is intended to be applicable to children...
Diseases & Conditions
Panic disorder
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder in which you have repeated attacks of intense fear that something bad will happen.
Diseases & Conditions
Parkinson disease
Parkinson disease results from certain brain cells dying. These cells help control movement and coordination. The disease leads to shaking (tremors) and trouble walking and moving. tremors trouble walking...
Diseases & Conditions
Paronychia
Paronychia is a skin infection that occurs around the nails.
Diseases & Conditions
Pellagra
Pellagra is a disease that occurs when a person does not get enough niacin (one of the B complex vitamins) or tryptophan (an amino acid). niacin tryptophan
Diseases & Conditions
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a woman's womb (uterus), ovaries, or fallopian tubes.
Diseases & Conditions
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disorder of the skin. It involves blistering and sores (erosions) of the skin and mucous membranes. autoimmune disorder mucous membranes
Diseases & Conditions
Peptic ulcer
A peptic ulcer is an open sore or raw area in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or in the first part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). There are two types of peptic ulcers: Gastric ulcer...
Diseases & Conditions
Perioral dermatitis
Perioral dermatitis is a skin disorder resembling acne or rosacea. In most cases, it involves tiny red bumps that form on the lower half of the face in the folds of the nose and around the mouth. acne rosacea
Diseases & Conditions
Peripheral artery disease - legs
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a condition of the blood vessels that supply the legs and feet. It occurs due to narrowing of the arteries in the legs. This causes decreased blood flow, which can injure...
Diseases & Conditions
Pernicious anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Anemia Pernicious anemia is a decrease...
Diseases & Conditions
Persistent depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a chronic (ongoing) type of depression in which a person's moods are regularly low. chronic Persistent depressive disorder used to be called dysthymia.
Diseases & Conditions
Pertussis
Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease that causes uncontrollable, violent coughing. The coughing can make it hard to breathe. A deep "whooping" sound is often heard when the person tries to...
Diseases & Conditions
Pharyngitis - sore throat
Pharyngitis, or sore throat, is discomfort, pain, or scratchiness in the throat. It often makes it painful to swallow.
Diseases & Conditions
Pharyngitis - viral
Pharyngitis is swelling in the throat at and just below the tonsils that causes discomfort, pain, or scratchiness. It is often called a "sore throat". Pharyngitis
Diseases & Conditions
Phobia - simple/specific
A phobia is an ongoing intense fear or anxiety of a certain object, animal, activity, or setting that poses little to no actual danger.
Diseases & Conditions
Pinworms
Pinworms are small worms that infect the intestines.
Diseases & Conditions
Pityriasis rosea
Pityriasis rosea is a common type of skin rash most often seen in young adults.
Diseases & Conditions
Plantar fasciitis
The plantar fascia is the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot. It connects the heel bone to the toes and creates the arch of the foot. When this tissue becomes swollen or inflamed, it is called plantar...
Diseases & Conditions
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a fungal infection of the lungs. The disease used to be called Pneumocystis carinii or PCP pneumonia. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumocystis carinii
Diseases & Conditions
Polycythemia - newborn
Polycythemia means there are too many red blood cells (RBCs) in an infant's blood.
Diseases & Conditions
Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a bone marrow disease that leads to an abnormal increase in the number of blood cells. The red blood cells are the most affected blood cell type.
Diseases & Conditions
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety disorder. It can occur after you have gone through an extreme emotional trauma that involved the threat of injury or death. anxiety disorder
Diseases & Conditions
Premature ejaculation
Premature ejaculation is when a man has an orgasm sooner than desired during intercourse.
Diseases & Conditions
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition in which a woman has severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation. The symptoms of PMDD are more severe than those seen...
Diseases & Conditions
Premenstrual syndrome
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a wide range of symptoms. The symptoms start during the second half of the menstrual cycle (14 or more days after the first day of your last menstrual period). These...
Diseases & Conditions
Proctitis
Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum. It can cause discomfort, bleeding, and the discharge of mucus or pus.
Diseases & Conditions
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate gland. The prostate is a small, walnut-shaped structure that makes up part of a man's reproductive system. It wraps around the urethra, the tube that...
Diseases & Conditions
Prostatitis - bacterial
Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. This problem can be caused by an infection with bacteria. However, this is not a common cause. Acute prostatitis starts quickly. Long-term (chronic) prostatitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Prostatitis - nonbacterial
Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis causes long-term pain and urinary symptoms. It involves the prostate gland or other parts of a man's lower urinary tract or genital area. This condition is not caused by...
Diseases & Conditions
Prothrombin deficiency
Prothrombin deficiency is a disorder caused by the lack of a protein in the blood called prothrombin. It leads to problems with blood clotting (coagulation). Prothrombin is also known as factor II (two...
Diseases & Conditions
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes skin redness, silvery scales, and irritation. Most people with psoriasis have thick, red, well-defined patches of skin with flaky, silver-white scales. This is...
Diseases & Conditions
Pubic lice
Pubic lice are tiny wingless insects that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs there. These lice can also be found in armpit hair, eyebrows, mustache, beard, around the anus, and eyelashes (in children...
Diseases & Conditions
Q fever
Q fever is an infectious disease caused by bacteria spread by domestic and wild animals and ticks. ticks
Diseases & Conditions
Radial nerve dysfunction
Radial nerve dysfunction is a problem with the radial nerve. This is the nerve that travels from the armpit down the back of the arm to the hand. It helps you move your arm, wrist, and hand.
Diseases & Conditions
Radiation enteritis
Radiation enteritis is damage to the lining of the intestines (bowels) caused by radiation therapy, which is used for some types of cancer treatment. enteritis radiation therapy
Diseases & Conditions
Reactive attachment disorder of infancy or early childhood
Reactive attachment disorder is a problem in which a child is not able to easily form a normal or loving relationship with others. It is considered to be a result of not forming an attachment to any specific...
Diseases & Conditions
Rectal prolapse
Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum sags and comes through the anal opening.
Diseases & Conditions
Red birthmarks
Red birthmarks are skin markings created by blood vessels close to the skin surface. They develop before or shortly after birth.
Diseases & Conditions
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a very common virus that leads to mild, cold-like symptoms in adults and older healthy children. It can be more serious in young babies and older adults, especially...
Diseases & Conditions
Retroperitoneal inflammation
Retroperitoneal inflammation causes swelling that occurs in the retroperitoneal space. Over time, it can lead to a mass behind the abdomen and its contents called retroperitoneal fibrosis. retroperitoneal...
Diseases & Conditions
Retroversion of the uterus
Retroversion of the uterus occurs when a woman's uterus (womb) tilts backward rather than forward. It is commonly called a "tipped uterus."
Diseases & Conditions
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is a disease that may develop after an infection with group A streptococcus bacteria (such as strep throat or scarlet fever). It can cause severe illness in the heart, joints, skin, and...
Diseases & Conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. It is a long-term disease. It can also affect other organs.
Diseases & Conditions
Rickettsialpox
Rickettsialpox is a disease spread by a mite. It causes a chickenpox-like rash on the body. rash
Diseases & Conditions
Ringworm
Ringworm is a skin infection due to a fungus. Often, there are several patches of ringworm on the skin at once. The medical name for ringworm is tinea.
Diseases & Conditions
Ringworm of the body
Ringworm is a skin infection that is caused by fungi. It is also called tinea. Ringworm Related skin fungus infections may appear: On the scalpIn a man's beardIn the groin (jock itch)Between the toes (athlete...
Diseases & Conditions
Ringworm of the scalp
Ringworm of the scalp is a fungal infection that affects the scalp. It is also called tinea capitis. Related ringworm infections may be found: In a man's beardIn the groin (jock itch)Between the toes (athlete...
Diseases & Conditions
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a disease caused by a type of bacteria carried by ticks.
Diseases & Conditions
Rosacea
Rosacea is a chronic skin problem that makes your face turn red. It may also cause swelling and skin sores that look like acne. acne
Diseases & Conditions
Rotator cuff problems
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that attach to the bones of the shoulder joint, allowing the shoulder to move and keep it stable. Rotator cuff tendinitis refers to irritation of these...
Diseases & Conditions
Salmonella enterocolitis
Salmonella enterocolitis is a bacterial infection in the lining of the small intestine that is caused by Salmonella bacteria. It is a type of food poisoning.
Diseases & Conditions
Scabies
Scabies is an easily-spread skin disease caused by a very small mite.
Diseases & Conditions
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is caused by an infection with bacteria called group A streptococcus. This is the same bacteria that cause strep throat. . strep throat
Diseases & Conditions
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has a lifelong pattern of indifference to others and social isolation.
Diseases & Conditions
Sciatica
Sciatica refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg. It is caused by injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve. Sciatica is a symptom of a medical problem. It is not a medical condition...
Diseases & Conditions
Scleredema diabeticorum
Scleredema diabeticorum is a skin condition that occurs in some people with diabetes. It causes skin to become thick and hard on the back of the neck, shoulders, arms, and upper back.
Diseases & Conditions
Scoliosis
Scoliosis is an abnormal curving of the spine. Your spine is your backbone. It runs straight down your back. Everyone's spine naturally curves a bit. But people with scoliosis have a spine that curves too...
Diseases & Conditions
Scrotal masses
A scrotal mass is a lump or bulge that can be felt in the scrotum. The scrotum is the sac that contains the testicles.
Diseases & Conditions
Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease that occurs when you have a severe lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in your diet. Scurvy causes general weakness, anemia, gum disease, poor wound healing, and skin hemorrhages. anemia...
Diseases & Conditions
Seasonal affective disorder
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at a certain time of the year, usually in winter. depression
Diseases & Conditions
Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition. It causes flaky, white to yellowish scales to form on oily areas such as the scalp, face, or inside the ear. It can occur with or without reddened...
Diseases & Conditions
Seborrheic keratosis
Seborrheic keratosis is a condition that causes colored growths on the skin that sometimes resemble warts. The growths are noncancerous (benign). benign
Diseases & Conditions
Selective deficiency of IgA
Selective deficiency of IgA is the most common immune deficiency disorder. People with this disorder have a low or absent level of a blood protein called immunoglobulin A. immune deficiency disorder
Diseases & Conditions
Separation anxiety in children
Separation anxiety in children is a developmental stage in which the child is anxious when separated from their primary caregiver (usually the mother).
Diseases & Conditions
Septic shock
Septic shock is a serious condition that occurs when a body-wide infection leads to dangerously low blood pressure.
Diseases & Conditions
Serum sickness
Serum sickness is a reaction that is similar to an allergy. The immune system reacts to medicines that contain proteins used to treat immune conditions. It can also react to antiserum, the liquid part of...
Diseases & Conditions
Shigellosis
Shigellosis is a bacterial infection of the lining of the intestines. It is caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella.
Diseases & Conditions
Shingles
Shingles is a painful, blistering skin rash. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, a member of the herpes family of viruses. This is the virus that also causes chickenpox. chickenpox
Diseases & Conditions
Silent thyroiditis
Silent thyroiditis is an immune reaction of the thyroid gland. The disorder can cause hyperthyroidism, followed by hypothyroidism. hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism The thyroid gland is located in the neck...
Diseases & Conditions
Sinusitis
Sinusitis is present when the tissue lining the sinuses become swollen or inflamed. It occurs as the result of an inflammatory reaction or an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus.
Diseases & Conditions
Sjogren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed. This causes dry mouth and dry eyes. The condition may affect other parts of the body, including...
Diseases & Conditions
Skin abscess
A skin abscess is a buildup of pus in or on the skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Sleep disorders
Sleep disorders are problems with sleeping. These include trouble falling or staying asleep, falling asleep at the wrong times, too much sleep, and abnormal behaviors during sleep.
Diseases & Conditions
Sleep disorders in older adults
Sleep disorders in older adults involve any disrupted sleep pattern. This can include problems falling or staying asleep, too much sleep, or abnormal behaviors with sleep.
Diseases & Conditions
Sleepwalking
Sleepwalking is a disorder that occurs when people walk or do other activity while they are still asleep.
Diseases & Conditions
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder is a persistent and irrational fear of situations that may involve scrutiny or judgment by others, such as at parties and other social events.
Diseases & Conditions
Spasmodic dysphonia
Spasmodic dysphonia is difficulty speaking due to spasms (dystonia) of the muscles that control the vocal cords. dystonia
Diseases & Conditions
Speech disorders - children
A speech disorder is a condition in which a person has problems creating or forming the speech sounds needed to communicate with others. This can make the person's speech difficult to understand. Common...
Diseases & Conditions
Spider angioma
Spider angioma is an abnormal collection of blood vessels near the surface of the skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis is narrowing of the spinal column that causes pressure on the spinal cord, or narrowing of the openings (called neural foramina) where spinal nerves leave the spinal column.
Diseases & Conditions
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a bone (vertebra) in the spine moves forward, out of its proper position, in relation to the bone below it.
Diseases & Conditions
Stable angina
Stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that most often occurs with activity or emotional stress. Angina is due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart called the coronary arteries....
Diseases & Conditions
Stasis dermatitis and ulcers
Stasis dermatitis is a change in the skin that results from the pooling of blood in the veins of the lower leg. Ulcers are open sores that can result from untreated stasis dermatitis.
Diseases & Conditions
Stork bite
A stork bite is a common type of birthmark seen in a newborn. It is most often temporary. The medical term for a stork bite is nevus simplex. A stork bite is also called a salmon patch.
Diseases & Conditions
Strabismus
Strabismus is a disorder in which both eyes do not line up in the same direction. Therefore, they do not look at the same object at the same time. The most common form of strabismus is known as "crossed...
Diseases & Conditions
Strep throat
Strep throat is a disease that causes a sore throat (pharyngitis). It is an infection with a bacteria called group A streptococcus.
Diseases & Conditions
Stroke
A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." If blood flow is cut off for longer than a few seconds, the brain cannot get nutrients and oxygen...
Diseases & Conditions
Strongyloidiasis
Strongyloidiasis is an infection with the roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis (S stercoralis). Strongyloides stercoralis (S stercoralis).
Diseases & Conditions
Stuttering
Stuttering is a speech disorder in which sounds, syllables, or words are repeated or last longer than normal. These problems cause a break in the flow of speech called disfluency. speech disorder
Diseases & Conditions
Subacute thyroiditis
Subacute thyroiditis is an immune reaction of the thyroid gland that often follows an upper respiratory infection. The thyroid gland is located in the neck, just above where your collarbones meet in the...
Diseases & Conditions
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a bright red patch appearing in the white of the eye. This condition is one of several disorders called red eye.
Diseases & Conditions
Substance use disorder
Substance use disorder occurs when a person's use of alcohol or another substance (prescribed medicine or illegal drug) leads to health issues or problems at work, school, or home. This disorder is also...
Diseases & Conditions
Sudden infant death syndrome
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected, sudden death of a child under age 1. An autopsy does not show an explainable cause of death.
Diseases & Conditions
Suicide and suicidal behavior
Suicide is the act of taking one's own life on purpose. Suicidal behavior is any action that could cause a person to die, such as taking a drug overdose or crashing a car on purpose.
Diseases & Conditions
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is a swollen or inflamed vein due to a blood clot. Superficial refers to veins just below the skin's surface. blood clot
Diseases & Conditions
Swallowing difficulty
Difficulty with swallowing is the feeling that food or liquid is stuck in the throat or at any point before the food enters the stomach. This problem is also called dysphagia.
Diseases & Conditions
Swimmer's ear
Swimmer's ear is inflammation, irritation, or infection of the outer ear and ear canal. The medical term for swimmer's ear is otitis externa. Swimmer's ear may be sudden and short-term (acute) or long-term...
Diseases & Conditions
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial infection that is most often spread through sexual contact.
Diseases & Conditions
TMJ disorders
Temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders (TMJ disorders) are problems that affect the chewing muscles and joints that connect your lower jaw to your skull.
Diseases & Conditions
Tapeworm infection - beef or pork
Beef or pork tapeworm infection is an infection with the tapeworm parasite found in beef or pork.
Diseases & Conditions
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which the tibial nerve is being compressed. This is the nerve in the ankle that allows feeling and movement to parts of the foot. Tarsal tunnel syndrome can lead...
Diseases & Conditions
Tendinitis
Tendons are the fibrous structures that join muscles to bones. When these tendons become swollen or inflamed, it is called tendinitis. In many cases, tendinosis (tendon degeneration) is also present.
Diseases & Conditions
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow is soreness or pain on the outside (lateral) side of the upper arm near the elbow.
Diseases & Conditions
Tenosynovitis
Tenosynovitis is inflammation of the lining of the sheath that surrounds a tendon (the cord that joins muscle to bone).
Diseases & Conditions
Tension headache
A tension headache is the most common type of headache. It is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck, and is often associated with muscle tightness in these areas.
Diseases & Conditions
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is swelling (inflammation) of a vein. A blood clot (thrombus) in the vein is the most common cause of this swelling. blood clot
Diseases & Conditions
Thrush - children and adults
Thrush is a yeast infection of the tongue and lining of the mouth.
Diseases & Conditions
Thrush in newborns
Thrush is a yeast infection of the tongue and mouth. This common infection can be passed between a mother and baby during breastfeeding.
Diseases & Conditions
Tinea versicolor
Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection of the outer layer of the skin. fungal infection
Diseases & Conditions
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is inflammation (swelling) of the tonsils.
Diseases & Conditions
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is an infection due to the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii
Diseases & Conditions
Transient ischemic attack
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops for a brief time. A person will have stroke-like symptoms for up to 24 hours. In most cases, the symptoms last for 1...
Diseases & Conditions
Traumatic brain injury
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can occur when the head hits an object, or a moving object strikes the head. There are three types of TBI: Mild TBI, also called a concussionModerate TBISevere TBI Mild TBI...
Diseases & Conditions
Trench mouth
Trench mouth is an infection that causes swelling (inflammation) and ulcers in the gums (gingivae). The term trench mouth comes from World War I, when this infection was common among soldiers "in the trenches...
Diseases & Conditions
Trichinosis
Trichinosis is an infection with the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. Trichinella spiralis
Diseases & Conditions
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonas vaginalis.
Diseases & Conditions
Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a nerve disorder. It causes a stabbing or electric shock-like pain in parts of the face.
Diseases & Conditions
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there is a high level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. chronic
Diseases & Conditions
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there is a high level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. chronic
Diseases & Conditions
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a condition in which the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum become inflamed. It is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Crohn disease is another form of IBD. Crohn...
Diseases & Conditions
Ulnar nerve dysfunction
Ulnar nerve dysfunction is a problem with one of the nerves that travel from the shoulder to the hand, called the ulnar nerve. It helps you move your arm, wrist, and hand.
Diseases & Conditions
Urethritis
Urethritis is inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the body.
Diseases & Conditions
Urge incontinence
Urge incontinence occurs when you have a strong, sudden need to urinate that is difficult to delay. The bladder then squeezes, or spasms, and you may lose urine.
Diseases & Conditions
Urinary tract infection - adults
A urinary tract infection, or UTI, is an infection of the urinary tract. The infection can occur at different points in the urinary tract, including the:
Bladder -- An infection in the bladder is also...
Diseases & Conditions
Urinary tract infection - children
A urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection of the urinary tract. This article discusses urinary tract infections in children. The infection can affect different parts of the urinary tract, including...
Diseases & Conditions
Uterine fibroids
Uterine fibroids are tumors that grow in a woman's womb (uterus). These growths are typically not cancerous (benign), and do not become cancerous.
Diseases & Conditions
Uterine prolapse
Uterine prolapse occurs when the womb (uterus) drops down and presses into the vaginal area.
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginal cysts
A cyst is a closed pocket or pouch of tissue. It can be filled with air, fluid, pus, or other material. A vaginal cyst occurs on or under the lining of the vagina.
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginal dryness
Vaginal dryness is present when the tissues of the vagina are not well-lubricated and healthy.
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginal or uterine bleeding
Vaginal bleeding normally occurs during a woman's menstrual cycle, when she gets her period. Every woman's period is different. Most women have periods between 24 and 34 days apart. It usually lasts 4 to...
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginal yeast infection
Vaginal yeast infection is an infection of the vagina. It is most often due to the fungus Candida albicans. Candida albicans
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginismus
Vaginismus is a spasm of the muscles surrounding the vagina that occurs against your will. The spasm makes the vagina very narrow and can prevent sexual activity and medical exams. vagina
Diseases & Conditions
Valley fever
Valley fever is an infection that occurs when the spores of the fungus Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii enter your body through the lungs. spores Coccidioides immitis Coccidioides posadasii
Diseases & Conditions
Varicocele
A varicocele is the swelling of the veins inside the scrotum. These veins are found along the cord that holds up a man's testicles (spermatic cord). testicles
Diseases & Conditions
Varicose veins
Varicose veins are swollen, twisted, and enlarged veins that you can see under the skin. They are often red or blue in color. They most often appear in the legs, but can occur in other parts of the body...
Diseases & Conditions
Venous insufficiency
Venous insufficiency is a condition in which the veins have problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart.
Diseases & Conditions
Vertigo-associated disorders
Vertigo is a sensation of motion or spinning that is often described as dizziness. dizziness Vertigo is not the same as being lightheaded. People with vertigo feel as though they are actually spinning...
Diseases & Conditions
Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestine caused by a virus. The infection can lead to diarrhea and vomiting. It is sometimes called the "stomach flu." diarrhea
Diseases & Conditions
Viral pneumonia
Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Pneumonia Viral pneumonia is caused by a virus.
Diseases & Conditions
Visceral larva migrans
Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a human infection with certain parasites found in the intestines of dogs and cats.
Diseases & Conditions
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Anemia Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia...
Diseases & Conditions
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a skin condition in which there is a loss of color (pigment) from areas of skin. This results in uneven white patches that have no pigment, but the skin feels normal. patches
Diseases & Conditions
Von Willebrand disease
Von Willebrand disease is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder. bleeding disorder
Diseases & Conditions
Vulvodynia
Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman's genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. vulva
Diseases & Conditions
Vulvovaginitis
Vulvovaginitis or vaginitis is swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina. Vaginitis is a common problem that can affect women and girls of all ages.
Diseases & Conditions
Warts
Warts are small, usually painless growths on the skin. Most of the time, they are harmless. They are caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). There are more than 150 types of HPV viruses. Some...
Diseases & Conditions
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a brain disorder due to vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Special Topics
10 ways to cut 500 calories a day
Weight loss - 500 calories; Overweight - 500 calories; Obesity - 500 calories; Diet - 500 calories
Special Topics
12 healthy snacks with 200 calories or less
Nibbles; Appetizers; Healthy eating - healthy snacks; Weight loss - healthy snacks; Healthy diet - healthy snacks; Wellness - healthy snacks
Special Topics
A guide to herbal remedies
Special Topics
Abdominal girth
Abdominal girth is the measurement of the distance around the abdomen at a specific point. Measurement is most often made at the level of the belly button (navel). Abdominal girth is used to diagnose and...
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Acute
Acute means sudden. Acute symptoms appear, change, or worsen rapidly. It is the opposite of chronic. chronic
Special Topics
Adolescent development
The development of children ages 12 through 18 years old should include expected physical and mental milestones.
Special Topics
Advance care directives
Living will; Power of attorney; DNR - advance directive; Do not resuscitate - advance directive; Do-not-resuscitate - advance directive; Durable power of attorney - advance care directive; POA - advance...
Special Topics
Aerobic
Aerobic means oxygen is needed to: SurviveGrowWork properly Survive Grow Work properly For example, bacteria that need oxygen to grow are called aerobic bacteria. Aerobic is the opposite of anaerobic. anaerobic
Special Topics
Aging changes in hair and nails
Special Topics
Aging changes in hormone production
Special Topics
Aging changes in immunity
Special Topics
Aging changes in organs, tissue and cells
Special Topics
Aging changes in skin
Aging changes in the skin are a group of common conditions and developments that occur as people grow older.
Special Topics
Aging changes in sleep
Special Topics
Aging changes in the bones - muscles - joints
Special Topics
Aging changes in the breast
Special Topics
Aging changes in the face
Special Topics
Aging changes in the female reproductive system
Aging changes in the female reproductive system result mainly from changing hormone levels. One clear sign of aging occurs when your menstrual periods stop permanently. This is known as menopause. hormone...
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Aging changes in the heart and blood vessels
Special Topics
Aging changes in the kidneys and bladder
Special Topics
Aging changes in the lungs
Special Topics
Aging changes in the male reproductive system
Aging changes in the male reproductive system may include changes in testicular tissue, sperm production, and erectile function. These changes usually occur gradually.
Special Topics
Aging changes in the nervous system
Special Topics
Aging changes in the senses
As you age, the way your senses (hearing, vision, taste, smell, touch) give you information about the world changes. Your senses become less sharp, and this can make it harder for you to notice details...
Special Topics
Aging changes in vital signs
Special Topics
Aging spots - should you be concerned?
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Alcohol use and safe drinking
Alcohol use involves drinking beer, wine, or hard liquor.
Special Topics
Alcohol use disorder - resources
Special Topics
Allergen
An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction. In some people, the immune system recognizes allergens as foreign or dangerous. As a result, the immune system reacts by making a type of...
Special Topics
Alternative medicine - pain relief
Alternative medicine for pain relief refers to treatments that are used instead of conventional (standard) ones. Typically, they are low- or no-risk treatments. If you use an alternative treatment along...
Special Topics
Anterior
Anterior means "in front of" or "the front surface of." It usually refers to the front side of the body. For example, your knee caps are on the anterior part of your body.
Special Topics
Appropriate for gestational age (AGA)
Gestation is the period of time between conception and birth. During this time, the baby grows and develops inside the mother's womb. If the baby's gestational age findings after birth match the calendar...
Special Topics
Are you getting too much exercise?
Special Topics
Arthritis - resources
Special Topics
Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. amino acid "Nonessential" means that our bodies produce it, even if we do not get this amino acid from the food we...
Special Topics
Aspiration
Aspiration means to draw in or out using a sucking motion. It has two meanings: Breathing in a foreign object (for example, sucking food into the airway).A medical procedure that removes something from...
Special Topics
Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic means there are no symptoms. You are considered asymptomatic if you: Have recovered from an illness or condition and no longer have symptoms of that illness or conditionHave an illness or condition...
Special Topics
Auscultation
Auscultation is listening to the sounds of the body during a physical examination. physical examination
Special Topics
Babies and heat rashes
Heat rash occurs in babies when the pores of the sweat glands become blocked. This happens most often when the weather is hot or humid. As your infant sweats, little red bumps and possibly tiny blisters...
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Babies and shots
Immunizations (vaccinations) are important to keep your child healthy. This article discusses how to ease the pain of shots for babies.
Special Topics
Back pain - when you see the doctor
When you first see your health care provider for back pain, you will be asked about your back pain, including how often and when it occurs and how severe it is. Your provider will try to determine the cause...
Special Topics
Bedtime habits for infants and children
Sleep patterns are often learned as children. When these patterns are repeated, they become habits. Helping your child learn good bedtime habits may help make going to bed a pleasant routine for you and...
Special Topics
Bedwetting
Enuresis; Nocturnal enuresis
Special Topics
Beneficios de dejar el tabaco
Tabaquismo pasivo; Fumar cigarrillo - dejar; Dejar el hábito del tabaco; Tabaco que se fuma y que no se fuma - abandonar el consumo; Por qué es recomendable dejar de fumar
Special Topics
Benefits of quitting tobacco
If you smoke, you should quit. But quitting can be hard. Most people who have quit smoking have tried at least once, and often several times, without long-term success in the past. View any past attempts...
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Bili lights
Bili lights are a type of light therapy (phototherapy) that is used to treat newborn jaundice. Jaundice is a yellow coloring of the skin and eyes. It is caused by too much of a yellow substance called bilirubin...
Special Topics
Biofeedback
Biofeedback is a technique that measures bodily functions and gives you information about them in order to help train you to control them.
Special Topics
Birth control - slow release methods
Certain birth control methods contain man-made forms of hormones. The natural forms of these hormones are normally made in a woman's ovaries. These hormones are called estrogen and progestin. Both of these...
Special Topics
Birth control pills
Birth control pills (BCPs) contain man-made forms of 2 hormones called estrogen and progestin. These hormones are made naturally in a woman's ovaries. BCPs can contain both of these hormones, or have progestin...
Special Topics
Blood pressure monitors for home
Your health care provider may ask you to keep track of your blood pressure at home. To do this, you will need to get a home blood pressure monitor. track of your blood pressure
Special Topics
Body mass index
A good way to decide if your weight is healthy for your height is to figure out your body mass index (BMI). You and your health care provider can use your BMI to estimate how much body fat you have.
Special Topics
Body temperature norms
Normal body temperature varies by person, age, activity, and time of day. The average normal body temperature is generally accepted as 98. 6°F (37°C). Some studies have shown that the normal body temperature...
Special Topics
Bonding with your newborn
Special Topics
Bowel retraining
A program of bowel retraining, Kegel exercises, or biofeedback therapy may be used by people to help improve their bowel movements. Kegel exercises biofeedback
Special Topics
Break the bonds of emotional eating
Obesity - emotional eating; Overweight - emotional eating; Diet - emotional eating; Weight loss - emotional meaning
Special Topics
Breast cancer screening
Mammogram - breast cancer screening; Breast exam - breast cancer screening; MRI - breast cancer screening
Special Topics
Breast self-exam
A breast self-exam is something a woman does at home to look for changes or problems in her breast tissue. Many women feel that doing this is important to their health. However, experts do not agree about...
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Breastfeeding vs. formula feeding
Special Topics
Bug repellent safety
A bug repellent is a substance that is applied to the skin or clothing to protect you against biting insects. biting insects
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Buying and caring for baby bottles and nipples
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COPD - managing stress and your mood
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - emotions; Stress - COPD; Depression - COPD
Special Topics
COPD and other health problems
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - comorbidities; COPD - comorbidities
Special Topics
COVID-19 vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/covid-19.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/covid-19.html
Special Topics
COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 vaccines are used to prepare the body's immune system to protect against COVID-19. COVID-19 Everyone ages 6 months and older should get a 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccine. This includes pregnant women...
Special Topics
COVID-19 vaccines for children ages 6 months and older
COVID-19 vaccines are used to prepare the body's immune system to protect against COVID-19.
Special Topics
Calcification
Calcification is a process in which calcium builds up in body tissue, causing the tissue to harden. This can be a normal or abnormal process.
Special Topics
Calcium and bones
Special Topics
Calcium supplements
WHO SHOULD TAKE CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS? Calcium is an important mineral for the human body. It helps build and protect your teeth and bones. Getting enough calcium over your lifetime can help prevent osteoporosis...
Special Topics
Calorie count - Alcoholic beverages
Weight loss - calorie count - alcoholic beverages; Overweight - calorie count - alcoholic beverages; Obesity - calorie count - alcoholic beverages
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Calorie count - fast food
Weight-loss calorie count fast food; Obesity - calorie count fast food; Overweight - calorie count fast food; Healthy diet - calorie count fast food
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Calorie count - sodas and energy drinks
Weight-loss calorie count sodas; Obesity - calorie sodas; Overweight - calorie count sodas; Healthy diet - calorie count sodas
Special Topics
Can you boost your metabolism?
Weight-loss boost metabolism; Obesity - boost metabolism; Overweight - boost metabolism
Special Topics
Cardiovascular
The term cardiovascular refers to the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular). The cardiovascular system includes: ArteriesArteriolesCapillariesHeartVenules Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Heart...
Special Topics
Cellulite
Cellulite is fat that collects in pockets just below the surface of the skin. It forms around the hips, thighs, and buttocks. Cellulite deposits cause the skin to look dimpled.
Special Topics
Chafing
Chafing is skin irritation that occurs where skin rubs against skin, clothing, or other material.
Special Topics
Changes in the newborn at birth
Changes in the newborn at birth refer to the changes an infant's body undergoes to adapt to life outside the womb.
Special Topics
Chapped hands
Special Topics
Chapped lips
Special Topics
Chicken soup and sickness
Special Topics
Choosing a primary care provider
A primary care provider (PCP) is a health care practitioner who sees people that have common medical problems. This person is most often a doctor. However, a PCP may be a physician assistant or a nurse...
Special Topics
Choosing effective patient education materials
Special Topics
Choosing the right health care provider for pregnancy and childbirth
Prenatal care - health care provider; Pregnancy care - health care provider
Special Topics
Chronic
Chronic refers to something that continues over an extended period of time. A chronic condition is usually long-lasting and does not easily or quickly go away. Chronic is the opposite of acute. acute
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Chronic pain - resources
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Cleaning supplies and equipment
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Colds and flu – antibiotics
Antibiotics DO NOT cure colds and flus.
Special Topics
College students and the flu
Every year, the flu spreads across college campuses nationwide. Close living quarters, shared restrooms, and a lot of social activities make a college student more likely to catch the flu. This article...
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Colon cancer screening
Colon cancer screening can detect polyps and early cancers in the large intestine. This type of screening can find problems that can be treated before cancer develops or spreads. Regular screenings may...
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Communicating with patients
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Concomitant
Concomitant means occurring during the same time period. It usually refers to secondary symptoms that occur with a main symptom.
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Condoms - male
A condom is a thin cover worn on the penis during intercourse. Using a condom will help prevent: Female partners from becoming pregnant. Getting an infection spread through sexual contact, or from giving...
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Consumer rights and protections
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) took effect on September 23, 2010. It includes certain rights and protections for consumers. These rights and protections help make health care coverage more fair and easy...
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Contraindication
A contraindication is a specific situation in which a medicine, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. There are two types of contraindications: Relative contraindication...
Special Topics
Could you have low testosterone?
Male menopause; Andropause; Testosterone deficiency; Low-T; Androgen deficiency of the aging male; Late-onset hypogonadism
Special Topics
Cow's milk and children
If your child is under 1 year old, you should not feed your baby cow's milk, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). This is because cow's milk doesn't provide enough of certain nutrients...
Special Topics
Creating a family health history
Family health history; Create a family health history; Family medical history
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Crying in childhood
Special Topics
Crying in infancy
Infants have a cry reflex that is a normal response to stimuli, such as pain or hunger. Premature infants may not have a cry reflex. Therefore, they must be monitored closely for signs of hunger and pain...
Special Topics
DASH diet to lower high blood pressure
Special Topics
DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) DTaP vaccine information statement (VIS) -- www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/dtap. html. www.cdc.gov...
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Dance your way to fitness
Exercise - dance; Wellness - dance
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Day care health risks
Special Topics
Death among children and adolescents
Special Topics
Deciding about an IUD
Contraception - IUD; Birth control - IUD; Intrauterine - deciding; Mirena - deciding; ParaGard - deciding
Special Topics
Deciding about hormone therapy
HRT - deciding; Estrogen replacement therapy - deciding; ERT- deciding; Hormone replacement therapy - deciding; Menopause - deciding; HT - deciding; Menopausal hormone therapy - deciding; MHT - deciding
Special Topics
Deciding about treatments that prolong life
Palliative care - treatments that prolong life; Palliative care - life support; End-of-life-treatments that prolong life; Ventilator - treatments that prolong life; Respirator - treatments that prolong...
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Dementia - home care
Dementia is a loss of cognitive function that may be caused by certain diseases. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Dementia
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Depression - resources
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Developmental milestones record
Developmental milestones are behaviors or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. Rolling over, crawling, walking, and talking are all considered milestones. The milestones...
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Developmental milestones record - 12 months
The typical 12-month-old child will demonstrate certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
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Developmental milestones record - 18 months
The typical 18-month-old child will demonstrate certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
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Developmental milestones record - 2 months
This article describes the skills and growth targets of 2-month-old infants.
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Developmental milestones record - 2 years
Physical and motor skill markers: Able to turn a door knob.Can look through a book turning one page at a time.Can build a tower of 6 to 7 cubes.Can kick a ball without losing balance.Can pick up objects...
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Developmental milestones record - 3 years
This article describes the skills and growth markers that are relevant to 3-year-olds.
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Developmental milestones record - 4 months
Typical 4-month-old infants are expected to develop certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
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Developmental milestones record - 4 years
The typical 4-year-old child will demonstrate certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
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Developmental milestones record - 5 years
This article describes the expected skills and growth markers of most 5-year-old children.
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Developmental milestones record - 6 months
This article describes the skills and growth targets for 6-month-old infants.
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Developmental milestones record - 9 months
Typical 9-month-old infants are expected to develop certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
Special Topics
Diabetes - insulin therapy
Diabetes - insulin
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Diabetes myths and facts
Diabetes - common myths and facts; High blood sugar myths and facts
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Diarrhea in infants
Special Topics
Diarrhea in infants
Diarrhea - babies
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Diet and cancer
Diet can have an impact on your risk of developing many types of cancer. You can reduce your overall risk by following a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. healthy...
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Diet for rapid weight loss
Very low-calorie diet; VLCD; Low-calorie diet; LCD; Very low energy diet; Weight loss - rapid weight loss; Overweight - rapid weight loss; Obesity - rapid weight loss; Diet - rapid weight loss; Intermittent...
Special Topics
Diet myths and facts
Obesity - diet myths and facts; Overweight - diet myths and fact; Weight-loss diet myths and facts
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Diet-boosting foods
Obesity - diet-boosting foods; Overweight - diet-boosting foods
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Dietary fat and children
Special Topics
Digestive diseases
Digestive diseases are disorders of the digestive tract, which is sometimes called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In digestion, food and drink are broken down into small parts (called nutrients) that...
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Discipline in children
All children misbehave sometimes. As a parent, you have to decide how you will respond. Your child needs rules to understand how to behave. Discipline involves both punishment and rewards. When you discipline...
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Distal
Distal refers to sites located away from a specific area, most often the center of the body. In medicine, it refers to parts of the body further away from the center. For example, the hand is distal to...
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Distracted driving
Safety - distracted driving
Special Topics
Do you have a drinking problem?
Alcohol use disorder - drinking problem; Alcohol abuse - drinking problem; Alcoholism - drinking problem; Alcohol dependence - drinking problem; Alcohol addiction - drinking problem
Special Topics
Do-not-resuscitate order
No code; End-of-life; Do not resuscitate; Do not resuscitate order; DNR; DNR order; Advance care directive - DNR; Health care agent - DNR; Health care proxy - DNR; End-of-life - DNR; Living will - DNR
Special Topics
Doctor of medicine profession (MD)
MDs may be found within a wide range of medical practice settings, including private practices, group practices, hospitals, health maintenance organizations, teaching facilities, and public health organizations...
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Domestic violence
Intimate partner violence; Spousal abuse; Elder abuse; Child abuse; Sexual abuse - domestic violence
Special Topics
E-cigarettes and E-hookahs
Electronic cigarettes; Electronic hookahs; Vaping; Vape pens; Mods; Pod-Mods; Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Smoking - electronic cigarettes
Special Topics
Ear - blocked at high altitudes
The air pressure outside of your body changes as altitude changes. This creates a difference in pressure on the two sides of the eardrum. You may feel pressure and blockage in the ears as a result. pressure...
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Eating disorders - resources
Special Topics
Eight ways to cut your health care costs
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Electrolytes
Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge. Electrolytes affect how your body functions in many ways, including: The amount of water in your bodyThe acidity...
Special Topics
Elimination patterns
Elimination patterns describe the regulation, control, and removal of by-products and wastes in the body. The term usually refers to the movement of feces or urine from the body.
Special Topics
Emergency contraception
Emergency contraception is a birth control method to prevent pregnancy in women. It can be used: birth control method After a sexual assault or rapeWhen a condom breaks or a diaphragm slips out of placeWhen...
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Endoscope
An endoscope is a medical device with a light attached. It is used to look inside a body cavity or organ. The scope is inserted through a natural opening, such as the mouth during a bronchoscopy, or the...
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Enzyme
Enzymes are complex proteins that cause a specific chemical change. For example, they can help break down the foods we eat so the body can use them. Blood clotting is another example of enzymes at work...
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Enzyme markers
Enzyme markers are tests for specific enzyme activity in the body. Diseases or variants passed down through families (inherited) can affect how enzymes work. Some enzymes are affected by several genes....
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Estimated average glucose (eAG)
eAG
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Etiology
Etiology describes the cause or causes of a disease.
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Exercise and age
It is never too late to start exercising. Exercise has benefits at any age. Staying active will allow you to continue being independent and the lifestyle you enjoy. The right kinds of regular exercise can...
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Exercise and immunity
Battling another cough or cold? Feeling tired all the time? You may feel better if you take a daily walk or follow a simple exercise routine a few times a week.
Special Topics
Exercise clothing and shoes
Fitness - exercise clothing
Special Topics
Exercising on a budget
Exercise - budget; Weight loss - Exercise; Obesity - exercise
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Exudate
Exudate is fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues. The fluid is made of cells, proteins, and solid materials. Exudate may ooze from cuts or from areas of infection or inflammation. It...
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Eye - foreign object in
Special Topics
Eye floaters
Special Topics
Facts about monounsaturated fats
Monounsaturated fatty acid; MUFA; Oleic acid; Cholesterol - monounsaturated fat; Atherosclerosis - monounsaturated fat; Hardening of the arteries - monounsaturated fat; Hyperlipidemia - monounsaturated...
Special Topics
Facts about polyunsaturated fats
Polyunsaturated fatty acid; PUFA; Cholesterol - polyunsaturated fat; Atherosclerosis - polyunsaturated fat; Hardening of the arteries - polyunsaturated fat; Hyperlipidemia - polyunsaturated fat; Hypercholesterolemia...
Special Topics
Facts about saturated fats
Cholesterol - saturated fat; Atherosclerosis - saturated fat; Hardening of the arteries - saturated fat; Hyperlipidemia - saturated fat; Hypercholesterolemia - saturated fat; Coronary artery disease - saturated...
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Facts about trans fats
Trans fatty acids; Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs); Cholesterol - trans fats; Hyperlipidemia - trans fats; Atherosclerosis - trans fat; Hardening of the arteries - trans fat; Hypercholesterolemia - trans...
Special Topics
Family troubles - resources
Special Topics
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
Immunochemical fecal occult blood test; iFOBT; Colon cancer screening - FIT
Special Topics
Female condoms
The female condom is a device used for birth control. Like a male condom, it creates a barrier to prevent the sperm from getting to the egg. birth control
Special Topics
Fibrates
Antilipemic agent; Fenofibrate (Antara, Fenoglide, Lipofen, Tricor, and Triglide); Gemfibrozil (Lopid); Fenofibric acid (Trilipix); Hyperlipidemia - fibrates; Hardening of the arteries - fibrates; Cholesterol...
Special Topics
Fine motor control
Special Topics
Food guide plate
By following the US Department of Agriculture's food guide, called MyPlate, you can make healthier food choices. The newest guide encourages you to eat more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins...
Special Topics
Food poisoning prevention
Special Topics
Foods - fresh vs. frozen or canned
Special Topics
Getting a prescription filled
Special Topics
Give your heart a workout
Exercise - heart workout; CAD prevention - workout; Cardiovascular disease prevention - workout
Special Topics
Glycemic index and diabetes
Special Topics
Growth chart
Special Topics
HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Vaccine: What You Need to Know. www. cdc. gov/vaccines...
Special Topics
HPV vaccine
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects against infection by certain strains of HPV. HPV can cause cervical cancer and genital warts. vaccine cervical cancer genital warts HPV has also been linked...
Special Topics
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae Type b) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hib. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current...
Special Topics
Handwashing
Hand washing; Hand-washing; Washing your hands; Handwashing - COVID-19; Washing your hands - COVID-19
Special Topics
Hangover treatment
A hangover is the unpleasant symptoms a person has after drinking too much alcohol. Symptoms can include: Headache and dizzinessNauseaFatigueSensitivity to light and soundRapid heartbeatDepression, anxiety...
Special Topics
Head circumference
Head circumference is a measurement of a child's head around its largest area. It measures the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head.
Special Topics
Health care agents
Durable power of attorney for health care; Health care proxy; End-of-life - health care agent; Life support treatment - health care agent; Respirator - health care agent; Ventilator - health care agent...
Special Topics
Health screenings for men age 65 and older
You should visit your health care provider regularly, even if you feel healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a healthy...
Special Topics
Health screenings for men ages 18 to 39
You should visit your health care provider regularly, even if you feel healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a healthy...
Special Topics
Health screenings for men ages 40 to 64
You should visit your health care provider regularly, even if you feel healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a healthy...
Special Topics
Health screenings for women age 65 and older
You should visit your health care provider from time to time, even if you are healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a...
Special Topics
Health screenings for women ages 18 to 39
You should visit your health care provider from time to time, even if you are healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a...
Special Topics
Health screenings for women ages 40 to 64
You should visit your health care provider from time to time, even if you are healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a...
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - Brussels sprouts
Healthy food trends - Brussels cabbage; Healthy snacks - brussels sprouts; Weight loss - brussels sprouts; Healthy diet - brussels sprouts; Wellness - brussels sprouts
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - beans and legumes
Healthy food trends - pulses; Healthy eating - beans and legumes; Weight loss - beans and legumes; Healthy diet - beans and legumes; Wellness - beans and legumes
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - chia seeds
Healthy food trends - sage; Healthy food trends - salvia; Healthy snacks - Chia seeds; Weight loss - Chia seeds; Healthy diet - Chia seeds; Wellness - Chia seeds
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - flaxseeds
Healthy food trends - flax meal; Healthy food trends - flax seeds; Healthy food trends - linseeds; Healthy snacks - flaxseeds; Healthy diet - flaxseeds; Wellness - flaxseeds
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - kale
Healthy food trends - borecole; Healthy snacks - kale; Weight loss - kale; Healthy diet - kale; Wellness - kale
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - microgreens
Healthy snacks - microgreens; Weight loss - microgreens; Healthy diet - microgreens; Wellness - microgreens
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - quinoa
Healthy food trends - goosefoot; Healthy snacks - quinoa; Weight loss - quinoa; Healthy diet - quinoa; Wellness - quinoa
Special Topics
Healthy habits for weight loss
Obesity - healthy habits; Obesity - healthy eating
Special Topics
Healthy living
Special Topics
Heart disease and women
People often do not consider heart disease a woman's disease. Yet cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of women over age 25. It kills nearly twice as many women in the United States as all types...
Special Topics
Help your teen cope with stress
Adolescents - stress; Anxiety - cope with stress
Special Topics
Helping a loved one with a drinking problem
Alcohol abuse - helping a loved one; Alcohol use - helping a loved one
Special Topics
Hemorrhagic
Hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding. It most often refers to excessive bleeding. Hemorrhagic diseases are caused by bleeding, or they result in bleeding (hemorrhaging). Related topics include: Primary...
Special Topics
Hepatitis A vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Hepatitis A Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hepatitis-a. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hepatitis...
Special Topics
Hepatitis B vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Hepatitis B Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hepatitis-b.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hepatitis-b.html
Special Topics
High blood pressure and diet
Making changes to your diet is a proven way to help control high blood pressure. These changes can also help you lose weight and lower your chance of heart disease and stroke. high blood pressure Your health...
Special Topics
High blood pressure medications
Treating high blood pressure will help prevent problems such as heart disease, stroke, loss of eyesight, chronic kidney disease, and other blood vessel diseases. high blood pressure You may need to take...
Special Topics
Hormonal effects in newborns
Hormonal effects in newborns occur because in the womb (uterus), babies are exposed to many chemicals (hormones) that are in the mother's bloodstream. After birth, the infants are no longer exposed to these...
Special Topics
Hospice care
Palliative care - hospice; End-of-life care - hospice; Dying - hospice; Cancer - hospice
Special Topics
Hospitals as health educators
Special Topics
How to choose the best hospital for surgery
The quality of the health care you receive for an operation depends on many things besides the skill of your surgeon. Many health care providers at a hospital will be directly involved in your care before...
Special Topics
How to learn more about your doctor
Special Topics
How to protect yourself and others from COVID-19
COVID-19 - Prevention; 2019 Novel Coronavirus - Prevention; SARS CoV 2 - Prevention
Special Topics
How to save money on infant formula
Special Topics
How to save money on medicines
Special Topics
How to take statins
Antilipemic Agent; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; Atorvastatin (Lipitor); Simvastatin (Zocor); Lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev); Pitavastatin (Livalo, Zypitamag); Pravastatin (Pravachol); Rosuvastatin (Crestor...
Special Topics
Humidifiers and health
A home humidifier can increase the humidity (moisture) in your home. This helps eliminate the dry air that can irritate and inflame the airways in your nose and throat.
Special Topics
Hyperactivity and children
Special Topics
IQ testing
Intelligence quotient (IQ) testing is a series of exams used to determine your general intelligence in relation to other people of the same age.
Special Topics
IV treatment at home
Home intravenous antibiotic therapy; Central venous catheter - home; Peripheral venous catheter - home; Port - home; PICC line - home; Infusion therapy - home; Home health care - IV treatment
Special Topics
Immune response
The immune response is how your body recognizes and defends itself against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and harmful.
Special Topics
Imperforate hymen
Special Topics
Incidence
Incidence is the number of new cases of a condition, symptom, death, or injury that develop during a specific time period, such as a year. Incidence shows the likelihood that a person in a certain population...
Special Topics
Indoor fitness routine
Fitness - indoors; Exercise - indoors
Special Topics
Infant - newborn development
Special Topics
Infant Formula - buying, preparing, storing, and feeding
Special Topics
Influenza (flu) vaccine (inactivated or recombinant) - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/influenza-inactivated. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current...
Special Topics
Influenza (flu) vaccine (live, intranasal) - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Influenza Live, Intranasal Flu Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/influenza-live-intranasal.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines...
Special Topics
Informed consent - adults
Special Topics
Insidious
An insidious disease is any disease that comes on slowly and does not have obvious symptoms at first. The person is not aware of its development.
Special Topics
Inspection
In medical terms, "inspection" means to look at the person or body part. It is the first step in a physical exam.
Special Topics
Insulin and syringes - storage and safety
Diabetes - insulin storage
Special Topics
Insulin pumps
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; CSII; Diabetes - insulin pumps
Special Topics
Intravenous
Intravenous means "within a vein. " Most often it refers to giving medicines or fluids through a needle or tube inserted into a vein. This allows the medicine or fluid to enter your bloodstream right away...
Special Topics
Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor is a protein that helps your intestines absorb vitamin B12. It is made by cells in the stomach lining. vitamin B12
Special Topics
Invasive
An invasive disease is one that spreads to surrounding tissues. An invasive procedure is one in which the body is "invaded", or entered by a needle, tube, device, or scope.
Special Topics
Jaundice causes
Jaundice is a yellow color in the skin, mucous membranes, or eyes. The yellow color comes from bilirubin, a byproduct of your body processing old red blood cells. Jaundice is often a sign of a disease....
Special Topics
Keeping your medicines organized
Pill organizer; Pill dispenser
Special Topics
Kinins
Kinins are proteins in the blood that cause inflammation and affect blood pressure (especially causing blood pressure to go down). They also: Increase blood flow throughout the bodyMake it easier for fluids...
Special Topics
Lateral
Lateral means to the side of, or away from, the middle of the body. Examples: The ears are lateral to the nose. The arms are lateral to the chest. The ears are lateral to the nose. The arms are lateral...
Special Topics
Learn to love exercise
Prevention - learn to love exercise; Wellness - learn to love exercise
Special Topics
Learn to manage stress
We all feel stress at one time or another. It's a normal and healthy reaction to change or a challenge. But stress that goes on for more than a few weeks can affect your health. Keep stress from making...
Special Topics
Lipofuscin
Lipofuscin is a brownish pigment left over from the breakdown and absorption of damaged blood cells. Lipofuscin is found in heart muscle and smooth muscles. It is also called the aging pigment.
Special Topics
Liquid medication administration
Special Topics
Lower-calorie choices for alcoholic drinks
Low-calorie spirits; Low-calorie mixed drinks; Low-calorie alcohol; Low-calorie alcoholic beverages; Weight loss - low-calorie cocktails; Obesity - low-calorie cocktails
Special Topics
Lung problems and volcanic smog
Volcanic smog is also called vog. It forms when a volcano erupts and releases gases into the atmosphere. Volcanic smog can irritate the lungs and make existing lung problems worse.
Special Topics
MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC MMR (Measles, Mumps, & Rubella) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/mmr.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/mmr...
Special Topics
MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/mmrv.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp...
Special Topics
MRI and low back pain
Back pain and sciatica are common health complaints. Almost everyone has back pain at some time in their life. Most of the time, the exact cause of the pain can't be found. Back pain sciatica An MRI scan...
Special Topics
Macrophage
A macrophage is a type of immune cell. It destroys foreign substances to protect the body from infection.
Special Topics
Make time to move
Exercise - time to move; Weight loss - time to move; Obesity - time to move
Special Topics
Mammogram - calcifications
Calcifications are tiny deposits of calcium in your breast tissue. They are often seen on a mammogram. mammogram
Special Topics
Medial
Medial means toward the middle or center. It is the opposite of lateral. The term is used to describe general positions of body parts. For example, the chest is medial to the arm. lateral Your health care...
Special Topics
Medical marijuana
Pot; Grass; Cannabis; Weed; Hash; Ganja
Special Topics
Medicine safety - Filling your prescription
Medical errors - medicine; Preventing medicine errors
Special Topics
Medicine safety and children
Medication safety; Poison control - medicine safety
Special Topics
Medicine safety during your hospital stay
Medication safety - hospital; Five rights - medication; Medication administration - hospital; Medical errors - medication; Patient safety - medication safety
Special Topics
Medicines for back pain
Acute back pain often goes away on its own over several weeks. In some people, back pain persists. It may not go away completely or it may get more painful at times. Medicines can help with your back pain...
Special Topics
Medicines for sleep
Benzodiazepines; Sedatives; Hypnotics; Sleeping pills; Insomnia - medicines; Sleep disorder - medicines
Special Topics
Meningococcal ACWY vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/meningococcal-acwy.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis...
Special Topics
Meningococcal B vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Meningococcal Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/meningococcal-b.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/meningococcal...
Special Topics
Metabolite
A metabolite is any substance produced during metabolism (digestion or other bodily chemical processes). metabolism The term metabolite may also refer to the product that remains after a medicine is broken...
Special Topics
Migraine - resources
Special Topics
Mucosa
Mucosa is moist tissue that lines certain parts of the inside of your body. It is in your: NoseMouthLungsDigestive tractUrinary and genital tracts Nose Mouth Lungs Digestive tract Urinary and genital tracts...
Special Topics
Muscle strain treatment
Question: How do you treat a muscle strain? muscle strain Answer: Rest the strained muscle and apply ice for the first few days after the injury. Anti-inflammatory medicines such as ibuprofen, naproxen...
Special Topics
Métodos anticonceptivos de liberación lenta
Determinados métodos de control de la natalidad contienen formas artificiales de hormonas. Las formas naturales de estas hormonas usualmente se producen en los ovarios de una mujer. Estas hormonas se denominan...
Special Topics
Nausea and acupressure
Special Topics
Neonatal weight gain and nutrition
Premature babies need to receive good nutrition so they grow at a rate close to that of babies still inside the womb. Premature babies
Special Topics
Neonate
A neonate is a baby who is 4 weeks old or younger.
Special Topics
Newborn head molding
Newborn head molding is an abnormal head shape that results from pressure on the baby's head during childbirth.
Special Topics
Niacin for cholesterol
Antilipemic agent; Vitamin B3; Nicotinic acid; Niaspan; Niacor; Hyperlipidemia - niacin; Hardening of the arteries - niacin; Cholesterol - niacin; Hypercholesterolemia - niacin; Dyslipidemia - niacin
Special Topics
Nicotine replacement therapy
Nicotine replacement therapy is a treatment to help people stop smoking. It uses products that supply low doses of nicotine. These products do not contain the other toxins found in smoke. The goal of therapy...
Special Topics
Noninvasive
The term noninvasive can refer to diseases, procedures, or devices.
Noninvasive diseases usually do not spread to or damage other organs and tissues.
Noninvasive procedures do not involve tools that...
Special Topics
Nurse practitioner (NP)
A nurse practitioner (NP) is a nurse with a graduate degree in advanced practice nursing. This type of provider may also be referred to as an ARNP (Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner) or APRN (Advanced...
Special Topics
Oily hair
Oily hair is the result of the oil (sebaceous) glands in the scalp producing large amounts of oil.
Special Topics
Oily skin
Oily skin is the result of the oil (sebaceous) glands in the skin producing large amounts of oil.
Special Topics
Omega-3 fats - Good for your heart
Cholesterol - omega-3s; Atherosclerosis - omega-3s; Hardening of the arteries - omega-3s; Coronary artery disease - omega-3s; Heart disease - omega-3s
Special Topics
Online health information - what can you trust?
Special Topics
Outdoor fitness routine
Exercise - outdoors
Special Topics
Over-the-counter medicines
You can buy many medicines for minor problems at the store without a prescription (over-the-counter). Important tips for using over-the-counter medicines: Always follow the printed directions and warnings...
Special Topics
Over-the-counter pain relievers
Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers can help relieve pain or lower a fever. Over-the-counter means you can buy these medicines without a prescription. fever The most common types of OTC pain medicines...
Special Topics
Overcoming job stress
Special Topics
Pain medications - narcotics
Narcotics are also called opioid pain relievers. They are only used for pain that is severe and is not helped by other types of painkillers. When used carefully and under a health care provider's direct...
Special Topics
Palliative care - fear and anxiety
End of life care - fear and anxiety; Hospice care - fear and anxiety
Special Topics
Palliative care - shortness of breath
Dyspnea - end-of-life; Hospice care - shortness of breath
Special Topics
Palliative care - what the final days are like
End of life - final days; Hospice - final days
Special Topics
Palpation
Palpation is a method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination. The health care provider touches and feels your body to examine the size, consistency, texture, location, and tenderness...
Special Topics
Patient portals - an online tool for your health
Personal health record (PHR)
Special Topics
Pedicle
A pedicle is a stem or stalk of tissue that connects parts of the body to each other. Skin tags are small pieces of skin tissue that connect to the body with a pedicle. Skin tags
Special Topics
Pelvic floor muscle training exercises
Pelvic floor muscle training exercises are a series of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor.
Special Topics
Penis care (uncircumcised)
Special Topics
Percussion
Percussion is a method of tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments as part of a physical examination. It is done to determine: physical examination The size, consistency, and borders...
Special Topics
Peripheral
Peripheral means "away from the center." It refers to areas away from the center of the body or a body part. For example, the hands are peripheral to the shoulder. The toes are peripheral to the knees.
Special Topics
Pesticides on fruits and vegetables
Special Topics
Pets and the immunocompromised person
If you have a weak immune system, having a pet can put you at risk for serious illness from diseases that can spread from animals to humans. Learn what you can do to protect yourself and stay healthy.
Special Topics
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genes affect the way medicines work in a person. Your health care provider can use the information from pharmacogenetic testing to prescribe medicines that will work...
Special Topics
Physical activity
Physical activity -- which includes an active lifestyle and routine exercise -- plus eating well, is the best way to stay healthy.
Special Topics
Physical exam frequency
Even if you feel fine, you should still see your health care provider for regular checkups. These visits can help you avoid problems in the future. For example, the only way to find out if you have high...
Special Topics
Physical examination
During a physical examination, a health care provider checks your body to determine if you do or do not have a physical problem. A physical examination usually includes: Inspection (looking at the body...
Special Topics
Physician Assistant profession (PA)
Special Topics
Plaque and tartar on teeth
Plaque is a sticky film that coats teeth and contains bacteria. If plaque is not removed on a regular basis, it will harden and turn into tartar (calculus).
Special Topics
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - what you need to know
Content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/pneumococcal-conjugate.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/pneumococcal-conjugate.html
Special Topics
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): CDC review information for Pneumococcal Polysaccharide VIS: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp...
Special Topics
Poisoning
Special Topics
Polio vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Polio Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/polio.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/polio.html
Special Topics
Pregnancy - identifying fertile days
Fertile days are the days a woman is most likely to get pregnant. Infertility is a related topic. Infertility
Special Topics
Preschooler development
The normal social and physical development of children ages 3 to 6 years old includes many developmental milestones.
Special Topics
Preventing food poisoning
To prevent food poisoning, take the following steps when preparing food: food poisoning Carefully wash your hands often, and always before cooking or cleaning. Always wash them again after touching raw...
Special Topics
Preventing stroke
Stroke - prevention; CVA - prevention; Cerebral vascular accident - prevention; TIA - prevention; Transient ischemic attack - prevention
Special Topics
Preventive health care
Special Topics
Proliferation
Proliferation is the growth of tissue cells. In many diseases, it is abnormal. Cancer cells are very prolific. They have higher than normal rates of cell division and growth. Cancer
Special Topics
Prostate cancer screening
Prostate cancer screening - PSA; Prostate cancer screening - digital rectal exam; Prostate cancer screening - DRE
Special Topics
Prosthesis
A prosthesis is a device designed to replace a missing part of the body or to make a part of the body work better. Diseased or missing eyes, arms, hands, legs, or joints are commonly replaced by prosthetic...
Special Topics
Protuberance
A protuberance is a body part that bulges (protrudes) outward from a surface. For example, the ears protrude from the head.
Special Topics
Proximal
Proximal means nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body. If another reference point is given, such as the heart, the proximal point of another organ or extremity...
Special Topics
Puberty in boys
Well child - puberty in boys; Development - puberty in boys
Special Topics
Puberty in girls
Well child - puberty in girls; Development - puberty in girls; Menstruation - puberty in girls; Breast development - puberty in girls
Special Topics
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/rsv.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis...
Special Topics
Recombinant zoster (shingles) vaccine, RZV - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Recombinant Shingles Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/shingles. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/shingles...
Special Topics
Recovering after stroke
A stroke happens when blood flow to any part of the brain stops. stroke Each person has a different recovery time and need for long-term care. Problems with moving, thinking, and talking often improve in...
Special Topics
Remembering tips
People who have mild memory loss can use a number of techniques to help with remembering things. Below are some tips.
Special Topics
Resources
Special Topics
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) preventive antibody - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Preventive Antibody Immunization Information Statement (IIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/rsv/immunization-information...
Special Topics
Respiratory viruses and face masks
COVID-19 - face coverings; Coronavirus - face masks; Respiratory viruses - face coverings
Special Topics
Risks of tobacco
Knowing the serious health risks of using tobacco may help motivate you to quit. Using tobacco over a long time can increase your risk for many health problems.
Special Topics
Rotavirus vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Rotavirus Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/rotavirus. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/rotavirus.html
Special Topics
Safe driving for teens
Learning to drive is an exciting time for teenagers and their parents. It opens up many options for a young person, but it also carries risks. Young people from ages 15 to 24 have the highest rate of auto...
Special Topics
Safe sex
Safe sex means taking steps before and during sex that can prevent you from getting an infection, or from giving an infection to your partner. These steps can make sex safer but not 100% safe.
Special Topics
Salads and nutrients
Special Topics
Savings account for health care costs
Health savings accounts; Flexible spending accounts; Medical savings accounts; Health reimbursement arrangements; HSA; MSA; Archer MSA; FSA; HRA
Special Topics
School-age children development
School-age child development describes the expected physical, emotional, and mental abilities of children ages 6 to 12 years.
Special Topics
Sexual abuse in children - what to know
Sexual abuse - children
Special Topics
Sexual assault - prevention
Sexual assault is any type of sexual activity or contact that occurs without your consent. This includes rape (forced penetration) and unwanted sexual touching. Sexual assault Sexual assault is always the...
Special Topics
Sexual violence
Sexual violence is any sexual activity or contact that occurs without your consent. It may involve physical force or the threat of force. It may occur due to coercion or threats. If you have been the victim...
Special Topics
Shared decision making
Patient-centered care; SDM
Special Topics
Sitz bath
A sitz bath is a warm water bath used for healing or cleansing purposes. You sit in the bath. The water covers only your hips and buttocks. The water may contain medicine. Sitz baths are often used to relieve...
Special Topics
Skin sagging treatment - underarms
Special Topics
Skin self-exam
Skin cancer - self-exam; Melanoma - self-exam; Basal cell cancer - self-exam; Squamous cell - self-exam; Skin mole - self-exam
Special Topics
Sleep and your health
Special Topics
Sleepwalking and children
Special Topics
Smallpox/monkeypox vaccine (JYNNEOS) - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Smallpox/Monkeypox Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/smallpox-monkeypox. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current...
Special Topics
Smoking and COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - smoking; COPD - secondhand smoke
Special Topics
Smoking cessation medications
Your health care provider can prescribe medicines to help you quit tobacco use. These medicines do not contain nicotine and are not habit-forming. They work in a different way than nicotine patches, gums...
Special Topics
Soluble vs. insoluble fiber
Special Topics
Splinter removal
A splinter is a thin piece of material (such as wood, glass, or metal) that gets embedded just below the top layer of your skin.
Special Topics
Sports physical
Special Topics
Stimulants
Stimulants are chemicals (usually drugs or medicines that increase your heart rate, breathing rate, and brain function. Some stimulants affect only a specific organ, such as the heart, lungs, brain, or...
Special Topics
Stimulus
A stimulus is anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change. The plural of stimulus is stimuli. Stimuli can be external or internal. An example of external stimuli is your body responding to...
Special Topics
Stop smoking support programs
It is hard to quit smoking if you are acting alone. Smokers usually have a much better chance of quitting with a support program. Stop smoking programs are offered by hospitals, health departments, community...
Special Topics
Stress and your heart
Coronary heart disease - stress; Coronary artery disease - stress
Special Topics
Stress in childhood
Childhood stress can be present in any setting that requires the child to adapt or change. Stress may be caused by positive changes, such as starting a new activity, but it is most commonly linked with...
Special Topics
Substance use
Substance use is the continued use of alcohol, illegal drugs, or the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter medicines with negative consequences. These consequences may involve: Substance use Problems...
Special Topics
Substance use - LSD
Substance abuse - LSD; Drug abuse - LSD; Drug use - LSD; Lysergic acid diethylamide; Hallucinogen - LSD
Special Topics
Substance use - amphetamines
Substance abuse - amphetamines; Drug abuse - amphetamines; Drug use - amphetamines
Special Topics
Substance use - cocaine
Substance abuse - cocaine; Drug abuse - cocaine; Drug use - cocaine
Special Topics
Substance use - inhalants
Substance abuse - inhalants; Drug abuse - inhalants; Drug use - inhalants; Glue - inhalants
Special Topics
Substance use - marijuana
Substance abuse - marijuana; Drug abuse - marijuana; Drug use - marijuana; Cannabis; Grass; Hashish; Mary Jane; Pot; Weed
Special Topics
Substance use - phencyclidine (PCP)
PCP; Substance abuse - phencyclidine; Drug abuse - phencyclidine; Drug use - phencyclidine
Special Topics
Substance use - prescription drugs
Substance use disorder - prescription drugs; Substance abuse - prescription drugs; Drug abuse - prescription drugs; Drug use - prescription drugs; Narcotics - substance use; Opioid - substance use; Sedative...
Special Topics
Substance use recovery and diet
Substance use harms the body in two ways: The substance itself affects the body. It causes negative lifestyle changes, such as irregular eating and poor diet. The substance itself affects the body. It causes...
Special Topics
Symptomatic
Symptomatic can mean showing symptoms, or it may concern a specific symptom. Symptoms may be signs of disease or injury. They are what a person feels. Many conditions and diseases have symptoms. A cough...
Special Topics
Systemic
Systemic means affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part. For example, systemic disorders, such as high blood pressure, or systemic diseases, such as influenza (the flu), affect...
Special Topics
Taking care of your back at home
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. There are many things you can do...
Special Topics
Taking iron supplements
Eating iron rich foods is a key part of treating anemia caused by low iron levels. You may also need to take iron supplements as well to rebuild iron stores in your body.
Special Topics
Taking multiple medicines safely
Polypharmacy
Special Topics
Talking to your child about smoking
Nicotine - talking to your child; Tobacco - talking to your children; Cigarettes - talking to your child
Special Topics
Td (tetanus, diphtheria) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Td vaccine information statement (VIS) -- www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/td.html.
www.cdc.gov/vaccines...
Special Topics
Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Tdap Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/tdap.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis...
Special Topics
Teenagers and drugs
As a parent, it is natural to worry about your teenager. And, like many parents, you may be afraid that your teen may try drugs, or worse, become dependent on drugs. While you cannot control everything...
Special Topics
Teenagers and sleep
Special Topics
Teething
Teething is the growth of teeth through the gums in the mouth of infants and young children.
Special Topics
Telehealth
Telehealth; Telemedicine; Mobile health (mHealth); Remote patient monitoring; E-health
Special Topics
Temper tantrums
Temper tantrums are unpleasant and disruptive behaviors or emotional outbursts in children. They often occur in response to unmet needs or desires. Tantrums are more likely to occur in toddlers and preschool...
Special Topics
Thumb sucking
Special Topics
Time out
"Time out" is a technique some parents and teachers use when a child misbehaves. It involves the child leaving the environment and activities where the inappropriate behavior occurred, and going to a specific...
Special Topics
Tips for labor coaches
Pregnancy - labor coach; Delivery - labor coach
Special Topics
Tips on how to quit smoking
There are many ways to quit smoking. There are also resources to help you. Family members, friends, and co-workers may be supportive. But to be successful, you must really want to quit. The tips below can...
Special Topics
Toddler development
Toddlers are children ages 1 to 3 years. CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES Cognitive (thought) development skills typical for toddlers include: Early use of instruments or toolsFollowing visual (then later, invisible...
Special Topics
Toilet training tips
Potty training
Special Topics
Traveler's guide to avoiding infectious diseases
Special Topics
Tubercle
A tubercle is a small rounded point of a bone. Less often, it refers to a nodule attached to bone, mucous membrane (moist layer lining parts of the body), or skin. mucous membrane skin
Special Topics
Types of health care providers
This article describes health care providers involved in primary care, nursing care, and specialty care.
Special Topics
Types of hormone therapy
HRT- types; Estrogen replacement therapy - types; ERT- types of hormone therapy; Hormone replacement therapy - types; Menopause - types of hormone therapy; HT - types; Menopausal hormone types
Special Topics
Understanding Medicare
Special Topics
Understanding cardiovascular disease
Special Topics
Understanding health insurance plans
Special Topics
Understanding your breast cancer risk
Carcinoma-lobular - risk; DCIS; LCIS - risk; Ductal carcinoma in situ - risk; Lobular carcinoma in situ - risk; Breast cancer - prevention; BRCA - breast cancer risk
Special Topics
Understanding your colorectal cancer risk
Colon cancer - prevention; Colon cancer - screening
Special Topics
Understanding your health care costs
Special Topics
Understanding your hospital bill
Special Topics
Understanding your prostate cancer risk
Special Topics
Urinary catheters
A urinary catheter is a tube placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder.
Special Topics
Urinary incontinence products
Special Topics
Use of restraints
Restraint devices
Special Topics
Using over-the-counter medicines safely
OTC - using safely
Special Topics
Vacation health care
Vacation health care means taking care of your health and medical needs while you travel on a vacation or holidays. This article provides you tips you can use before and while traveling.
Special Topics
Vaccines - immunizations
Vaccines are used to boost your immune system, reduce the risk of infection, and lessen the severity of infections, including those that cause serious, life-threatening diseases.
Special Topics
Vaginal dryness alternative treatments
Special Topics
Vaginal sponge and spermicides
Spermicides and vaginal sponges are two over-the-counter birth control methods used during sex to prevent pregnancy. Over-the-counter means that they can be purchased without a prescription. birth control...
Special Topics
Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Chickenpox Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/varicella.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/varicella.html
Special Topics
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls. When blood vessels constrict, blood flow is slowed or, in extreme cases, completely blocked. Vasoconstriction...
Special Topics
Visceromegaly
Visceromegaly is enlargement of the one or more of the organs inside the abdomen, such as the liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, or pancreas. liver spleen
Special Topics
Vital signs
Vital signs reflect essential body functions, including your heartbeat rate, breathing rate, temperature, and blood pressure. Your health care provider may measure, or monitor your vital signs to check...
Special Topics
Vitamin C and colds
Special Topics
Ways to burn more calories every day
Weight loss - burning calories; Overweight - burning calories; Obesity - burning calories; Physical activity - burning calories; Staying active - burning calories
Special Topics
Weight loss and alcohol
Weight loss - alcohol; Overweight - alcohol; Obesity - alcohol; Diet - alcohol
Special Topics
Well-child visits
Childhood is a time of rapid growth and change. Children have more well-child visits when they are younger. This is because development is faster during these years. Each visit includes a physical exam...
Special Topics
What causes bone loss?
Osteoporosis - causes; Low bone density - causes
Special Topics
What is palliative care?
Comfort care; End of life - palliative care; Hospice - palliative care
Special Topics
When to use the emergency room - adult
Special Topics
When to use the emergency room - child
Emergency room - child; Emergency department - child; Urgent care - child; ER - when to use
Special Topics
When you feel like changing your medicine
Medication - non-compliance; Medication - nonadherence
Special Topics
Wine and heart health
Some studies have shown that adults who drink light to moderate amounts of alcohol may be less likely to develop heart disease than those who do not drink at all or are heavy drinkers. However, people who...
Special Topics
Women's health
Women's health refers to the branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment and diagnosis of diseases and conditions that affect a woman's physical and emotional well-being.
Special Topics
Working with a personal trainer
Exercise - personal trainer
Special Topics
Yoga for health
Special Topics
Your baby and the flu
The flu is an easily-spread disease. Children under age 2 have a higher risk of developing complications if they get the flu. flu The information in this article has been put together to help you protect...
Special Topics
Your child and the flu
The flu is a serious illness. The virus is easily spread, and children are very susceptible to the illness. Knowing the facts about the flu, its symptoms, and when to get vaccinated are all important in...
Special Topics
Your child's first vaccines - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Your Child's First Vaccines: What You Need to Know. Vaccine information statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov...
Surgery
C-section
A C-section is the delivery of a baby by making an opening in the mother's lower belly area. It is also called a cesarean delivery.
Surgery
Circumcision
Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis. penis
Surgery
Cryotherapy for the skin
Cryotherapy is a method of superfreezing tissue in order to destroy it. This article discusses cryotherapy of the skin.
Surgery
Fecal microbiota transplant
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) helps to replace some of the "bad" bacteria of your colon with "good" bacteria. The procedure helps to restore the good bacteria that have been killed off or limited...
Surgery
Intrauterine devices (IUD)
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small plastic T-shaped device used for birth control. It is inserted into the uterus (womb) where it stays to prevent pregnancy. birth control
Surgery
Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis is the process of passing a weak electrical current through the skin. Iontophoresis has a variety of uses in medicine. This article discusses the use of iontophoresis to decrease sweating...
Surgery
Leg lengthening and shortening
Leg lengthening and shortening are types of surgery to treat some people who have legs of unequal lengths. These procedures may: Lengthen an abnormally short legShorten an abnormally long legLimit growth...
Surgery
Radiofrequency ablation for chronic pain
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a procedure that uses radio waves to heat up and kill tissue. When used to treat pain, RFA is used to target and kill nerve tissue. This blocks the nerve from sending pain...
Surgery
Reverse total shoulder replacement
Reverse total shoulder replacement is surgery to replace the damaged parts of the shoulder joint with artificial parts. This type of surgery may be used for people who cannot have regular shoulder replacement...
Surgery
Skin lesion removal
A skin lesion is an area of the skin that is different from the surrounding skin. This can be a lump, sore, or an area of skin that is not normal. It may also be a skin cancer. Skin lesion removal is a...
Surgery
Total hip joint replacement - revision
Hip joint replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with a man-made joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. Over time some or all parts of a prosthesis may wear out due...
Surgery
Total knee joint replacement - revision
Knee joint replacement is a surgery to replace a knee joint with a man-made artificial joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. However, over time some or all parts of a prosthesis may wear out...
Surgery
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a procedure used to replace the aortic valve without opening the chest. It is used to treat adults who aren't healthy enough for regular valve surgery. The...
Surgery
Undescended testicle repair
Undescended testicle repair is surgery to correct testicles that have not dropped down into the correct position in the scrotum. Undescended testicle
Surgery
Vasectomy
A vasectomy is surgery to cut the vas deferens. These are the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. After a vasectomy, sperm cannot move out of the testes. A man who has had a successful...
Tests
17-Ketosteroids urine test
17-ketosteroids are substances that form when the body breaks down male steroid sex hormones called androgens and other hormones released by the adrenal glands in males and females, and by the testes in...
Tests
24-hour urine protein
A 24-hour urine protein measures the amount of protein released in urine over a 24-hour period.
Tests
A1C test
A1C is a lab test that shows the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the previous 3 months. It shows how well you are controlling your blood sugar to help prevent complications from diabetes.
Tests
ALP - blood test
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a protein found in all body tissues. Tissues with higher amounts of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bone. bile A blood test can be done to measure the level of ALP....
Tests
ALP isoenzyme test
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in many body tissues such as the liver, bile ducts, bones, and intestine. There are several different structural forms of ALP called isoenzymes. The structure...
Tests
Abdominal x-ray
An abdominal x-ray is an imaging test to look at organs and structures in the abdomen. Organs include the liver, spleen, stomach, and intestines. The bones of the lower spine are also visible. When the...
Tests
Alanine transaminase (ALT) blood test
The alanine transaminase (ALT) blood test measures the level of the enzyme ALT in the blood. enzyme
Tests
Albumin blood (serum) test
Albumin is a protein made by the liver. A serum albumin test measures the amount of this protein in the clear liquid portion of the blood. Albumin can also be measured in the urine. urine
Tests
Amylase - blood
Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates. It is made primarily in the pancreas and the glands that make saliva, and can be found at low levels in other parts of the body. When the pancreas is...
Tests
Amylase - urine
This is a test that measures the amount of amylase in urine. Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates. It is produced mainly in the pancreas and the glands that make saliva. enzyme Amylase may...
Tests
Anoscopy and high-resolution anoscopy
Anoscopy is a method to look at the: AnusAnal canalLower rectum Anus Anal canal Lower rectum
Tests
Anti-DNase B blood test
Anti-DNase B is a blood test to look for antibodies to a substance (protein) produced by group A Streptococcus. This is the bacteria that cause strep throat. . strep throat When used together with the ASO...
Tests
Anti-smooth muscle antibody
Anti-smooth muscle antibody is a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies against smooth muscle. The antibody is useful in making a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. antibodies
Tests
Antibody titer blood test
Antibody titer is a laboratory test that measures the level of antibodies in a blood sample. antibodies
Tests
Antimitochondrial antibody
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are substances (antibodies) that form against mitochondria. The mitochondria are an important part of cells. They are the energy source inside the cells. These help the...
Tests
Antinuclear antibody panel
The antinuclear antibody panel is a blood test that looks at antinuclear antibodies (ANA). antibodies ANA are antibodies produced by the immune system that bind to the body's own tissues.The antinuclear...
Tests
Antiparietal cell antibody test
An antiparietal cell antibody test is a blood test that looks for antibodies against the parietal cells of the stomach. The parietal cells make and release a substance called intrinsic factor that the body...
Tests
Antistreptolysin O titer
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is a blood test to measure antibodies against streptolysin O, a substance produced by group A streptococcus bacteria. Antibodies are proteins our bodies produce when they...
Tests
Antithrombin III blood test
Antithrombin III (AT III) is a protein that helps control blood clotting. A blood test can determine the amount of AT III present in your body.
Tests
Apolipoprotein B100
Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Variants in the gene that directs the body's production...
Tests
Apolipoprotein CII
Apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) is a protein found in large fat particles that the gastrointestinal tract absorbs. It is also found in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is made up of mostly triglycerides...
Tests
Arterial stick
An arterial stick is the collection of blood from an artery for lab testing.
Tests
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test
The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test measures the level of the enzyme AST in the blood. enzyme
Tests
Aspergillosis precipitin
Aspergillosis precipitin is a laboratory test to detect antibodies in the blood resulting from exposure to the fungus aspergillus. aspergillus
Tests
Audiometry
An audiometry exam tests your ability to hear sounds. Sounds vary, based on their loudness (intensity) and the speed of sound wave vibrations (tone). Hearing occurs when sound waves stimulate the nerves...
Tests
B and T cell screen
B and T cell screen is a lab test to determine the amount of B and T lymphocytes in the blood.
Tests
BUN - blood test
BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen. Urea nitrogen is what forms when protein breaks down. A test can be done to measure the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood.
Tests
Basic metabolic panel
The basic metabolic panel is a group of blood tests that provides information about your body's metabolism. metabolism
Tests
Beta-carotene blood test
The beta-carotene test measures the level of beta-carotene in the blood.
Tests
Bilirubin - urine
Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, which is a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. bile This article is about a lab test to measure the amount of bilirubin in the urine...
Tests
Bilirubin blood test
The bilirubin blood test measures the level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. Bilirubin can also be measured with a urine test. urine...
Tests
Bleeding time
Bleeding time is a medical test that measures how fast small blood vessels in the skin stop bleeding. Because it is difficult to perform correctly, it is rarely used today.
Tests
Blood culture
A blood culture is a laboratory test to check for bacteria or other germs in a blood sample.
Tests
Blood differential test
The blood differential test measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell (WBC) that you have in your blood. It also reveals if there are any abnormal or immature cells.
Tests
Blood pressure measurement
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force on the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. You can measure your blood pressure at home. You can also have it checked at your...
Tests
Blood smear
A blood smear is a blood test that gives information about the number and shape of blood cells. It is often done as part of or along with a complete blood count (CBC).
Tests
Blood typing
Blood typing is a method to tell what type of blood you have. Blood typing is done so you can safely donate your blood or receive a blood transfusion. It is also done to see if you have a substance called...
Tests
Bone mineral density test
A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures how much calcium and other types of minerals are in an area of your bone. This test helps your health care provider detect osteoporosis or bone loss and predict...
Tests
Brain natriuretic peptide test
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test is a blood test that measures levels of the protein BNP that is made by your heart and blood vessels. BNP levels are higher than normal when you have heart failure.
Tests
C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is produced by the liver. The level of CRP rises when there is inflammation in the body. It is one of a group of proteins, called acute phase reactants that go up in response to...
Tests
C1 esterase inhibitor
C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is a protein found in the fluid part of your blood. It controls a protein called C1, which is part of the complement system. complement system The complement system is a group...
Tests
CBC blood test
A complete blood count (CBC) test measures the following: The number of white blood cells (WBC count)The number of red blood cells (RBC count)The number of plateletsThe total amount of hemoglobin in the...
Tests
CMV blood test
The CMV blood test determines the presence of substances (proteins) called antibodies to a virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the blood. antibodies
Tests
CO2 blood test
CO2 is carbon dioxide. This article discusses the laboratory test to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the liquid part of your blood, called the serum. In the body, most of the CO2 is in the form...
Tests
COVID-19 antibody test
This blood test shows if you have antibodies against the virus that causes COVID-19. Antibodies are proteins produced by the body in response to harmful substances, such as viruses and bacteria. Antibodies...
Tests
COVID-19 virus test
Testing for the virus that causes COVID-19 involves taking a mucus sample from your upper respiratory tract. This test is used to diagnose COVID-19. The COVID-19 virus test is not used to test your immunity...
Tests
CPK isoenzymes test
The creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes test measures the different forms of CPK in the blood. CPK is an enzyme found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
Tests
CSF coccidioides complement fixation test
CSF coccidioides complement fixation is a test that checks for infection due to the fungus Coccidioides spp. in the cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid. This is the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The...
Tests
CT angiography - head and neck
CT angiography (CTA) combines a CT scan with the injection of dye. CT stands for computed tomography. This technique is able to create pictures of the blood vessels in the head and neck.
Tests
CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create pictures of cross-sections of the body. Related tests include: Abdominal and pelvis CT scanCranial or head CT scanCervical...
Tests
Calcium - ionized
Ionized calcium is calcium in your blood that is not attached to proteins. It is also called free calcium. All cells need calcium in order to work. Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. It is important...
Tests
Calcium blood test
The calcium blood test measures the level of calcium in the blood. This article discusses the test to measure the total amount of calcium in your blood. About one half of the calcium in the blood is attached...
Tests
Cardiac event monitors
A cardiac event monitor is a device that you control to record the electrical activity of your heart. Cardiac event monitors range in size, with the largest being about the size of a deck of cards. The...
Tests
Catecholamine blood test
This test measures the levels of catecholamines in the blood. Catecholamines are hormones made by the adrenal glands. The three catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, and dopamine...
Tests
Catecholamines - urine
Catecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These chemicals break down...
Tests
Ceruloplasmin blood test
The ceruloplasmin test measures the level of the copper-containing protein ceruloplasmin in the blood.
Tests
Chest x-ray
A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and diaphragm. x-ray
Tests
Chloride - urine test
The urine chloride test measures the amount of chloride in the urine.
Tests
Chloride test - blood
Chloride is a type of electrolyte. It works with other electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and carbon dioxide (CO2). These substances help keep the proper balance of body fluids and maintain the body...
Tests
Chromium - blood test
Chromium is a mineral that affects insulin, carbohydrate, fat, and protein levels in the body. This article discusses the test to check the amount of chromium in your blood.
Tests
Clean catch urine sample
A clean catch is a method of collecting a urine sample to be tested. The clean-catch urine method is used to prevent germs from the penis or vagina from getting into a urine sample.
Tests
Coccidioides complement fixation
Coccidioides complement fixation is a blood test that looks for substances (proteins) called antibodies, which are produced by the body in reaction to the fungus Coccidioides immitis. This fungus causes...
Tests
Coccidioides precipitin test
Coccidioides precipitin is a blood test that looks for infections due to a fungus called Coccidioides spp. , which causes the disease coccidioidomycosis or valley fever. coccidioidomycosis
Tests
Cologuard
Cologuard is a screening test for colon and rectal cancer. colon and rectal cancer The colon sheds cells from its lining every day. These cells pass with the stool through the colon. Colon cancer cells...
Tests
Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is an exam that views the inside of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, using a tool called a colonoscope. The colonoscope has a small camera attached to a flexible tube that can reach...
Tests
Complement
Complement is a blood test that measures the activity of certain proteins in the liquid portion of your blood. The complement system is a group of nearly 60 proteins that are in blood plasma or on the surface...
Tests
Complement component 3 (C3)
Complement C3 is a blood test that measures the activity of a certain protein. This protein is part of the complement system. The complement system is a group of nearly 60 proteins that are in blood plasma...
Tests
Complement component 4
Complement component 4 is a blood test that measures the activity of a certain protein. This protein is part of the complement system. The complement system is a group of nearly 60 proteins that are found...
Tests
Complement fixation test for C burnetii
The complement fixation test for Coxiella burnetii (C burnetii) is a blood test that checks for infection due to bacteria called C burnetii, which causes Q fever. Coxiella burnetii C burnetii C burnetii...
Tests
Comprehensive metabolic panel
A comprehensive metabolic panel is a group of blood tests. They provide an overall picture of your body's chemical balance and metabolism. Metabolism refers to all the physical and chemical processes in...
Tests
Coombs test
The Coombs test looks for antibodies that may stick to your red blood cells and cause red blood cells to die too early. antibodies
Tests
Creatine phosphokinase test
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme in the body. It is found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. This article discusses the test to measure the amount of CPK in the blood. enzyme
Tests
Creatinine blood test
The creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine in the urine can be measured with a urine test.
Tests
Creatinine clearance test
The creatinine clearance test helps provide information about how well the kidneys are working. The test compares the creatinine level in urine with the creatinine level in blood.
Tests
Creatinine urine test
The creatinine urine test measures the amount of creatinine in urine. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine in the blood can be measured by a blood test.
Tests
Cryoglobulins
Cryoglobulins are antibodies that become solid or gel-like at low temperatures in the laboratory. This article describes the blood test used to check for them. In the laboratory, cryoglobulins come out...
Tests
Culdocentesis
Culdocentesis is a procedure that checks for abnormal fluid in the space just behind the vagina. This area is called the cul-de-sac. vagina
Tests
Digital anorectal exam - DARE
A digital anorectal examination (DARE) is an examination of the anus and rectum. Your health care provider uses a gloved, lubricated finger to check for any abnormal findings in the anorectal area to help...
Tests
Digital rectal exam
A digital rectal exam is an exam of the lower rectum. Your health care provider uses a gloved, lubricated finger to check for any abnormal findings.
Tests
Digoxin test
A digoxin test checks how much digoxin you have in your blood. Digoxin is a type of medicine called a cardiac glycoside. It is used to treat certain heart problems, although much less often than in the...
Tests
Donath-Landsteiner test
The Donath-Landsteiner test is a blood test to detect harmful antibodies related to a rare disorder called paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. These antibodies form and destroy red blood cells when the body...
Tests
EEG
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test to measure the electrical activity of the brain.
Tests
ELISA blood test
ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immunoassay. It is a commonly used laboratory test to detect antibodies in the blood. An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects foreign...
Tests
ESR
ESR stands for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is commonly called a "sed rate." It is a test that indirectly measures the level of certain proteins in the blood. This measurement correlates with the...
Tests
Electrocardiogram
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.
Tests
Electrolytes - urine
The electrolytes - urine test measures specific chemicals called electrolytes in urine. It most often measures the levels of calcium, chloride, potassium, or sodium. electrolytes Related topics include...
Tests
Endocervical Gram stain
Endocervical Gram stain is a method to detect bacteria on tissue from the cervix. This is done using a special series of stains.
Tests
Endocervical culture
Endocervical culture is a laboratory test that helps identify infection in the female genital tract.
Tests
Endometrial biopsy
Endometrial biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) for examination. biopsy
Tests
Endoscopy
Endoscopy is a way of looking inside the body using a flexible tube that has a small camera and light on the end of it. This instrument is called an endoscope. endoscope Small instruments can be inserted...
Tests
Erythropoietin test
The erythropoietin test measures the amount of a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO) in blood. The hormone tells stem cells in the bone marrow to make more red blood cells. EPO is made by cells in the kidney...
Tests
Estradiol blood test
An estradiol test measures the amount of a hormone called estradiol in the blood. Estradiol is one of the main types of estrogens.
Tests
Extremity x-ray
An extremity x-ray is an image of the hands, wrist, feet, ankle, leg, thigh, forearm humerus or upper arm, hip, shoulder or all of these areas. The term "extremity" often refers to a human limb. x-ray X...
Tests
FTA-ABS blood test
The FTA-ABS test is used to detect antibodies to the bacteria Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis. Treponema pallidum, syphilis
Tests
Factor II (prothrombin) assay
The factor II assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor II. Factor II is also known as prothrombin. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.
Tests
Factor V assay
The factor V assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor V. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.
Tests
Factor VII assay
The factor VII assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor VII. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.
Tests
Factor XII assay
The factor XII assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor XII. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.
Tests
Febrile (warm) and cold agglutinins
Agglutinins are antibodies that cause the red blood cells to clump together. antibodies Cold agglutinins are active at cold temperatures. Febrile (warm) agglutinins are active at normal body temperatures...
Tests
Fecal culture
A fecal culture is a lab test to find organisms in the stool (feces) that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and disease.
Tests
Fecal smear
Fecal smear is a laboratory test of a stool sample. This test is done to check for bacteria and parasites. Presence of organisms in stool shows diseases in the digestive tract.
Tests
Ferritin blood test
The ferritin blood test measures the level of ferritin in the blood. Ferritin is a protein inside your cells that stores iron. It allows your body to use the iron when it needs it. A ferritin test indirectly...
Tests
Fluorescein eye stain
This is a test that uses orange dye (fluorescein) and a blue light to detect foreign bodies in the eye. This test can also detect damage to the cornea. The cornea is the outer surface of the eye.
Tests
Flushable reagent stool blood test
Flushable reagent stool blood test is an at-home test to detect invisible blood in the stool.
Tests
Folic acid - test
Folic acid is also called vitamin B9. This article discusses the test to measure the amount of folic acid in the blood. It is often done together with a vitamin B12 test of the blood.
Tests
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test
The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test measures the level of FSH in blood. FSH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland, located on the underside of the brain.
Tests
Free T4 test
T4 (thyroxine) is the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland. A laboratory test can be done to measure the amount of free T4 in your blood. Free T4 is the thyroxine that is not attached to a protein...
Tests
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) blood test
The gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) blood test measures the level of the enzyme GGT in the blood. enzyme
Tests
Glomerular filtration rate
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. Glomeruli are the tiny filters...
Tests
Glucose urine test
The glucose urine test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in a urine sample. The presence of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria or glucosuria. The glucose level can also be measured in other...
Tests
Gram stain
A Gram stain is a test used to identify bacteria. It is one of the most common ways to quickly diagnose bacterial infection in the body.
Tests
Gram stain of skin lesion
A Gram stain of a skin lesion is a lab test that uses special stains to detect and identify bacteria in a sample from the skin. The Gram stain method is one of the most commonly used techniques to quickly...
Tests
Gram stain of urethral discharge
A Gram stain of urethral discharge is a test used to identify bacteria in fluid from the tube that drains urine from the bladder (urethra).
Tests
Granulocyte
Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that has small granules inside them. These granules contain proteins. The specific types of granulocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Granulocytes...
Tests
HDL test
The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) test is a blood test to measure the amount of HDL cholesterol in your blood. HDL is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. HDL is called "good" cholesterol because it helps...
Tests
HPV test
The HPV test is used to check for infection with HPV types associated with cervical cancer. Typically, the test looks for 14 different HPV types. HPV type 16 and HPV type 18 are most closely associated...
Tests
Hand x-ray
This test is an x-ray of one or both hands. x-ray
Tests
Hematocrit
Hematocrit is a blood test that measures how much of a person's blood is made up of red blood cells as opposed to plasma. This measurement depends on the number of and size of the red blood cells. the number...
Tests
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The hemoglobin test measures how much hemoglobin is in your blood.
Tests
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. It is present inside the red blood cells. Hemoglobin electrophoresis measures the levels of the different types of this protein in the blood. Hemoglobin
Tests
Hemoglobinuria test
Hemoglobinuria test is a urine test that checks for hemoglobin in the urine.
Tests
Hepatitis virus panel
The hepatitis virus panel is a series of blood tests used to detect current or past infection by hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C. It can screen blood samples for more than one kind of hepatitis...
Tests
Herpes viral culture of lesion
Herpes viral culture of a lesion is a laboratory test to check if a skin sore is infected with the herpes virus.
Tests
Histoplasma complement fixation
Histoplasma complement fixation is a blood test that checks for infection by a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum (H capsulatum), which causes the disease histoplasmosis. Histoplasma capsulatum H capsulatum...
Tests
Histoplasma skin test
The histoplasma skin test is used to check if you have been exposed to a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum. The fungus causes an infection called histoplasmosis. Histoplasma capsulatum. histoplasmosis
Tests
Holter monitor (24h)
A Holter monitor is a machine that continuously records the heart's rhythms. The monitor is worn for 24 to 48 hours during normal activity.
Tests
Hypochromia
Hypochromia means that the red blood cells have less color than normal when examined under a microscope. This usually occurs when there is not enough of the pigment that carries oxygen (hemoglobin) in the...
Tests
Immunoelectrophoresis – blood
Serum immunoelectrophoresis is a lab test that measures proteins called immunoglobulins in the blood. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies, which fight infection. There are many types...
Tests
Immunofixation blood test
The immunofixation blood test is used to identify proteins called immunoglobulins in blood. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies, which fight infection. There are many types of immunoglobulins...
Tests
Joint x-ray
This test is an x-ray of a knee, shoulder, hip, wrist, ankle, or other joint. x-ray
Tests
Ketones blood test
A ketone blood test measures the amount of ketones in the blood. Ketones can also be measured with a urine test. urine test
Tests
Kidney function tests
Kidney function tests are common lab tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working. Such tests include: BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) Creatinine - bloodCreatinine clearanceCreatinine - urine BUN ...
Tests
LDH isoenzyme blood test
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme test checks how much of the different types of LDH, called isoenzymes, are present in the blood. lactate dehydrogenase
Tests
LDL test
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) test is a blood test to measure the amount of LDL cholesterol in your blood. LDL is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. LDL is called "bad" cholesterol because it can...
Tests
LH response to GnRH blood test
LH response to GnRH is a blood test to help determine if your pituitary gland can correctly respond to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). LH stands for luteinizing hormone.
Tests
Lactate dehydrogenase test
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a protein that helps produce energy in the body. An LDH test measures the amount of LDH in the blood.
Tests
Lactic acid test
Lactic acid is mainly produced in muscle cells and red blood cells. It forms when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for energy when oxygen levels are low. Times when your body's oxygen level might...
Tests
Lactose tolerance tests
Lactose tolerance tests measure the ability of your intestines to break down a type of sugar called lactose. This sugar is found in milk and other dairy products. If your body cannot break down this sugar...
Tests
Lead levels - blood
Blood lead level is a test that measures the amount of lead in the blood.
Tests
Lipase test
Lipase is a protein (enzyme) released by the pancreas into the small intestine. It helps the body absorb fat. This test is used to measure the amount of lipase in the blood. enzyme
Tests
Lipid profile test
Lipids are fatty, wax-like substances found in the body. Your body needs lipids for proper body functions, growth, and energy. Two important types of lipids found in the blood are cholesterol and triglycerides...
Tests
Lipoprotein-a
Lipoproteins are molecules made of proteins and fat. They carry cholesterol and similar substances through the blood. proteins A blood test can be done to measure a specific type of lipoprotein called lipoprotein...
Tests
Liver function tests
Liver function tests are common tests that are used to see how well the liver is working. Tests include: AlbuminAlpha-1 antitrypsinAlkaline phosphatase (ALP)Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)Aspartate aminotransferase...
Tests
Lumbosacral spine CT
A lumbosacral spine CT is a computed tomography scan of the lower spine and surrounding tissues. computed tomography
Tests
Lumbosacral spine x-ray
A lumbosacral spine x-ray is a picture of the bones (vertebrae) in the lower part of the spine. This area includes the lumbar region and the sacrum, the area that connects the spine to the pelvis. x-ray
Tests
Luteinizing hormone (LH) blood test
The LH blood test measures the amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) in blood. LH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland, located on the underside of the brain.
Tests
Lyme disease blood test
The Lyme disease blood test looks for antibodies in the blood to the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. The test is used to help diagnose Lyme disease. Lyme disease
Tests
MRI
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the body. It does not use ionizing radiation (x-rays). x-rays Single MRI images...
Tests
Magnesium blood test
A serum magnesium test measures the level of magnesium in the blood.
Tests
Mammogram
A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breasts. It is used to evaluate some breast symptoms and to find breast cancer in women with no symptoms (called screening for breast cancer). x-ray breast cancer
Tests
Mental status testing
Mental status testing is done to check a person's thinking ability and to determine if any problems are getting better or worse. It is also called neurocognitive testing.
Tests
Microalbuminuria test
This test looks for a protein called albumin in a urine sample. Albumin can also be measured using a blood test or another urine test, called the urine protein test. blood test urine protein test
Tests
Mononucleosis spot test
The mononucleosis spot test looks for 2 antibodies in the blood. These antibodies appear during or after an infection with the virus that causes mononucleosis, or mono. antibodies
Tests
Myoglobin blood test
The myoglobin blood test measures the level of the protein myoglobin in the blood.
Myoglobin can also be measured with a urine test. urine test
Tests
Myoglobin urine test
The myoglobin urine test is done to detect the presence of myoglobin in urine. Myoglobin can also be measured with a blood test. blood test
Tests
Nasopharyngeal culture
Nasopharyngeal culture is a test that examines a sample of secretions from the uppermost part of the throat, behind the nose, to detect organisms that can cause disease.
Tests
Ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy is an examination of the back part of the eye (fundus), which includes the retina, optic disc, choroid, and blood vessels. retina choroid
Tests
Osmolality blood test
Osmolality blood test is a test that measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Osmolality in the urine can be measured with a urine test. urine test
Tests
Osmolality urine test
The osmolality urine test measures the concentration of chemicals in urine. Osmolality in the blood can be measured using a blood test. blood test
Tests
PPD skin test
The PPD skin test is a method used to diagnose silent (latent) tuberculosis (TB) infection. PPD stands for purified protein derivative. tuberculosis
Tests
Pap test
The Pap test mainly checks for changes in the cervix that may turn into cervical cancer. Cells scraped from the opening of the cervix are examined under a microscope. The cervix is the lower part of the...
Tests
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) blood test
The PTH test measures the level of parathyroid hormone in the blood. PTH stands for parathyroid hormone. It is a protein hormone released by the parathyroid gland. A laboratory test can be done to measure...
Tests
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot. It can help tell if you have a bleeding problem or if your blood does not clot properly. This test measures...
Tests
Pharmacogenetic testing
Pharmacogenetic testing provides information about your genes and how they control your response to certain medicines. Your genes can affect the desired result of a drug. Your provider can use the information...
Tests
Phosphorus blood test
The phosphorus blood test measures the amount of phosphate in the blood.
Tests
Pinworm test
A pinworm test is a method used to identify a pinworm infection. Pinworms are small, thin worms that commonly infect young children, although anyone can be infected. pinworm
Tests
Platelet count
A platelet count is a lab test to measure how many platelets you have in your blood. Platelets are particles in the blood that help the blood clot. They are smaller than red or white blood cells.
Tests
Polyp biopsy
A polyp biopsy is a test that takes a sample of, or removes, polyps (abnormal growths) for examination. biopsy
Tests
Potassium test
This test measures the amount of potassium in the fluid portion (serum) of the blood. Potassium (K+) helps nerves and muscles communicate. It also helps move nutrients into cells and waste products out...
Tests
Potassium urine test
The potassium urine test measures the amount of potassium in the urine.
Tests
Pregnancy test
A pregnancy test measures a hormone in the body called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG or hCG). HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy. It appears in the blood and urine of pregnant women as early...
Tests
Prolactin blood test
Prolactin is a hormone released by the pituitary gland. The prolactin blood test measures the amount of prolactin in the blood.
Tests
Protein C blood test
Protein C is a normal substance in the body that prevents blood clotting. A blood test can be done to see how much of this protein you have in your blood. Protein C is a normal substance in the body that...
Tests
Protein S blood test
Protein S is a normal substance in your body that prevents blood clotting. A blood test can be done to see how much of this protein you have in your blood. Protein S is a normal substance in your body that...
Tests
Prothrombin time (PT)
Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of your blood to clot. It measures the function of a part of the clotting system. A related blood test...
Tests
Prueba para el VPH
La prueba para el VPH se usa para buscar una infección con tipos de VPH asociados con el cáncer cervical. Por lo general, la prueba busca 14 tipos diferentes de VPH. El VPH tipo 16 y el VPH tipo 18 están...
Tests
Pulse
The pulse is the number of heartbeats per minute.
Tests
Quantitative immunoglobulins
The quantitative immunoglobulins test measures the levels of proteins called gamma globulins in the fluid part of a blood sample. This fluid is called serum.
Tests
Quantitative nephelometry test
Quantitative nephelometry is a lab test to quickly and accurately measure levels of certain proteins called immunoglobulins in the blood. Immunoglobulins are antibodies that help fight infection. antibodies...
Tests
RBC count
An RBC count is a blood test that measures how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have. RBCs contain hemoglobin, a protein which carries oxygen. How much oxygen your body tissues get depends on how many RBCs...
Tests
RBC indices
Red blood cell (RBC) indices are part of the complete blood count (CBC) test. They are usually used to help diagnose the cause of anemia, a condition in which there are too few red blood cells. complete...
Tests
RBC urine test
The RBC urine test measures the number of red blood cells in a urine sample.
Tests
RPR test
RPR (rapid plasma reagin) is a screening test for syphilis. It measures substances (proteins) called antibodies that are present in the blood of people who may have the disease. syphilis antibodies
Tests
Rectal culture
Rectal culture is a lab test to identify bacteria and other germs in the rectum that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and disease.
Tests
Renin blood test
The renin test measures the level of renin in blood.
Tests
Reticulocyte count
Reticulocytes are slightly immature red blood cells. A reticulocyte count is a blood test that measures the amount of these cells in the blood.
Tests
Rotavirus antigen test
The rotavirus antigen test detects rotavirus in the feces. This is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in children. diarrhea
Tests
Schilling test
The Schilling test can determine whether the body absorbs vitamin B12 normally. It helps assess the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. This test is rarely, if ever, done today. vitamin B12
Tests
Screening and diagnosis for HIV
In general, testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a 2-step process that involves a screening test and follow-up tests often called confirmatory tests. human immunodeficiency virus
Tests
Semen analysis
Semen analysis measures the amount and quality of a man's semen and sperm. Semen is the thick, white fluid released during ejaculation that contains sperm. This test is sometimes called a sperm count.
Tests
Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis determines the effectiveness of antibiotics against microorganisms (germs) such as bacteria that have been isolated from cultures. Sensitivity analysis may be done along with: Blood...
Tests
Serotonin blood test
The serotonin test measures the level of serotonin in the blood.
Tests
Serum herpes simplex antibodies
Serum herpes simplex antibodies is a blood test that looks for antibodies to the herpes simplex virus (HSV), including HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 most often causes cold sores (oral herpes). HSV-2 most often...
Tests
Serum iron test
A serum iron test measures how much iron is in your blood.
Tests
Serum progesterone
Serum progesterone is a test to measure the amount of progesterone in the blood. Progesterone is a hormone produced mainly in the ovaries. Progesterone plays a key role in pregnancy. It is produced after...
Tests
Sickle cell test
The sickle cell test looks for the abnormal hemoglobin in the blood that causes the disorder sickle cell disease. hemoglobin sickle cell disease
Tests
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy using a flexible scope is a procedure used to see inside the sigmoid colon and rectum. The sigmoid colon is the area of the large intestine nearest to the rectum and is about one third of...
Tests
Skin lesion KOH exam
The skin lesion KOH exam is a test to diagnose a fungal infection of the skin. fungal infection of the skin
Tests
Skin lesion aspiration
Skin lesion aspiration is the withdrawal of fluid from a skin lesion (sore).
Tests
Skin or nail culture
A skin or nail culture is a laboratory test to look for and identify germs that cause problems with the skin or nails. It is called a mucosal culture if the sample involves the mucous membranes.
Tests
Sodium blood test
The sodium blood test measures the concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium can also be measured using a urine test. urine test
Tests
Sodium urine test
The sodium urine test measures the amount of sodium the urine. Sodium can also be measured in a blood sample. blood sample
Tests
Sputum Gram stain
A sputum Gram stain is a lab test used to detect bacteria in a sputum sample. Sputum is the material that comes up from your air passages when you cough very deeply. The Gram stain method is one of the...
Tests
Stool Gram stain
A stool Gram stain is a laboratory test that uses different chemical stains to detect and identify bacteria in a stool sample. The Gram stain method is sometimes used to quickly diagnose bacterial infections...
Tests
Stool guaiac test
The stool guaiac test looks for hidden (occult) blood in a stool sample. It can find blood even if you cannot see it yourself. It is a common type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT). Guaiac is a substance...
Tests
Streptococcal screen
A streptococcal screen is a test to detect group A streptococcus. This type of bacteria is the most common cause of strep throat. strep throat
Tests
Sugar-water hemolysis test
The sugar-water hemolysis test is a blood test to detect fragile red blood cells. It does this by testing how well they withstand swelling in a sugar (sucrose) solution.
Tests
T-cell count
A T-cell count measures the number of T cells in the blood. Your health care provider may order this test if you have signs of a weak immune system, such as due to having HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS
Tests
T3 test
Triiodothyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone. It plays an important role in the body's control of metabolism (the many processes that control the rate of activity in cells and tissues). A laboratory test...
Tests
TBG blood test
The TBG blood test measures the level of a protein that moves thyroid hormone throughout your body. This protein is called thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG).
Tests
TSH test
A TSH test measures the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland. It prompts the thyroid gland to make and release thyroid hormones into the blood...
Tests
Temperature measurement
The measurement of body temperature can help detect illness. It can also monitor whether or not treatment is working. A high temperature is a fever. fever
Tests
Testicular self-exam
Testicular self-exam is an examination of the testicles that you do on yourself.
Tests
Tests for H pylori
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is the bacteria (germ) responsible for most stomach (gastric) and duodenal ulcers and many cases of stomach inflammation (chronic gastritis). Helicobacter pylori H pylori...
Tests
Therapeutic drug levels
Therapeutic drug levels are lab tests to look for the amount of a drug or medicine in the blood.
Tests
Throat swab culture
A throat swab culture is a laboratory test that is done to identify germs that may cause infection in the throat. It is most often used to diagnose strep throat. strep throat
Tests
Thyroid function tests
Thyroid function tests are used to check whether your thyroid is working normally. The most common thyroid function tests are: Free T4 (free thyroxine, the main thyroid hormone in your blood -- a precursor...
Tests
Total cholesterol
Total cholesterol is a blood test to measure all types of cholesterol in your blood. Cholesterol is a fatty, wax-like substance found in all parts of the body. The cholesterol test is often done as part...
Tests
Total iron binding capacity
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) is a blood test to see if you have too much or too little iron in your blood. Iron moves through the blood attached to a protein called transferrin. This test helps your...
Tests
Total protein
The total protein test measures the total amount of two classes of proteins found in the fluid portion of your blood. These are albumin and globulin. Proteins are important parts of all cells and tissues...
Tests
Toxoplasma blood test
The toxoplasma blood test looks for antibodies in the blood to a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. antibodies Toxoplasma gondii
Tests
Transvaginal ultrasound
Transvaginal ultrasound is a test used to look at a woman's uterus, ovaries, tubes, cervix, and pelvic area. cervix Transvaginal means across or through the vagina. The ultrasound probe will be placed inside...
Tests
Triglyceride level
The triglyceride level is a blood test to measure the amount of triglycerides in your blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat. Your body makes some triglycerides. Triglycerides also come from the food you...
Tests
Tympanometry
Tympanometry is a test used to detect problems in the ear drum and middle ear.
Tests
Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to make images of organs and structures inside the body.
Tests
Urea nitrogen urine test
Urine urea nitrogen is a test that measures the amount of urea in the urine. Urea is a waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein in the body.
Tests
Urethral discharge culture
Urethral discharge culture is a laboratory test done on men and boys. This test is used to identify germs in the urethra that may be causing inflammation of the urethra (urethritis). The urethra is the...
Tests
Uric acid - blood
Uric acid is a chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines. Purines are normally produced in the body and are also found in some foods and drinks. Foods with a high content of purines...
Tests
Uric acid urine test
The uric acid urine test measures the level of uric acid in the urine. The uric acid blood level can be checked using a blood test.
Tests
Urinalysis
Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine.
Tests
Urine concentration test
A urine concentration test measures the ability of the kidneys to conserve or excrete water.
Tests
Urine culture
A urine culture is a lab test to check for bacteria or other germs in a urine sample. It can be used to check for a urinary tract infection in adults and children. adults children
Tests
Urine culture - catheterized specimen
Catheterized specimen urine culture is a lab test that looks for germs in a urine sample.
Tests
Urine drug screen
A urine drug screen is used to detect illegal drugs and some prescription medicines in the urine.
Tests
Urine pH test
A urine pH test measures the level of acid in urine.
Tests
Urine protein dipstick test
The urine protein dipstick test measures the presence of all proteins, including albumin, in a urine sample. Albumin and protein can also be measured using a blood test. blood test
Tests
Urine specific gravity test
Urine specific gravity is a laboratory test that shows the total concentration of all chemical particles in the urine.
Tests
VDRL test
The VDRL test is a screening test for syphilis. It measures substances (proteins), called antibodies, which your body may produce if you have been infected with the bacteria that cause syphilis. syphilis...
Tests
VLDL test
VLDL stands for very low density lipoprotein. Lipoproteins are made up of cholesterol, triglycerides, and proteins. They move cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids (fats) around the body. cholesterol...
Tests
Vaginitis test - wet mount
The vaginitis wet mount test is a test to detect an infection of the vagina.
Tests
Venipuncture
Venipuncture is the collection of blood from a vein. It is most often done for laboratory testing.
Tests
Visual acuity test
The visual acuity test is used to determine the smallest letters you can read on a standardized chart (Snellen chart) or a card held 20 feet (6 meters) away. Special charts are used when testing at distances...
Tests
Vitamin A blood test
The vitamin A test measures the level of vitamin A in the blood.
Tests
Vitamin B12 level
The vitamin B12 level is a blood test that measures how much vitamin B12 is in your blood. vitamin B12
Tests
WBC count
A WBC count is a blood test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. It is a part of a complete blood count (CBC). WBCs are also called leukocytes. They help fight infections. There...
Tests
Wood lamp examination
A Wood lamp examination is a test that uses ultraviolet (UV) light to look at the skin closely.
Special Topics
10 ways to cut 500 calories a day
Weight loss - 500 calories; Overweight - 500 calories; Obesity - 500 calories; Diet - 500 calories
Special Topics
12 healthy snacks with 200 calories or less
Nibbles; Appetizers; Healthy eating - healthy snacks; Weight loss - healthy snacks; Healthy diet - healthy snacks; Wellness - healthy snacks
Tests
17-Ketosteroids urine test
17-ketosteroids are substances that form when the body breaks down male steroid sex hormones called androgens and other hormones released by the adrenal glands in males and females, and by the testes in...
Tests
24-hour urine protein
A 24-hour urine protein measures the amount of protein released in urine over a 24-hour period.
Special Topics
A guide to herbal remedies
Tests
A1C test
A1C is a lab test that shows the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the previous 3 months. It shows how well you are controlling your blood sugar to help prevent complications from diabetes.
Self-Care Instructions
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Tests
ALP - blood test
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a protein found in all body tissues. Tissues with higher amounts of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bone. bile A blood test can be done to measure the level of ALP....
Tests
ALP isoenzyme test
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in many body tissues such as the liver, bile ducts, bones, and intestine. There are several different structural forms of ALP called isoenzymes. The structure...
Symptoms
Abdomen - swollen
A swollen abdomen is when your belly area is bigger than usual.
Symptoms
Abdominal bloating
Abdominal bloating is a condition in which the belly (abdomen) feels full and tight. Your belly may look swollen (distended).
Special Topics
Abdominal girth
Abdominal girth is the measurement of the distance around the abdomen at a specific point. Measurement is most often made at the level of the belly button (navel). Abdominal girth is used to diagnose and...
Symptoms
Abdominal mass
An abdominal mass is swelling in one part of the belly area (abdomen).
Symptoms
Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain is pain that you feel anywhere between your chest and groin. This is often referred to as the stomach region or belly.
Symptoms
Abdominal pain - children under age 12
Almost all children have abdominal pain at one time or another. Abdominal pain is pain in the stomach or belly area. It can be anywhere between the chest and groin. Most of the time, it is not caused by...
Symptoms
Abdominal rigidity
Abdominal rigidity is stiffness of the muscles in the belly area, which can be felt when touched or pressed.
Symptoms
Abdominal sounds
Abdominal sounds are the noises made by the intestines.
Tests
Abdominal x-ray
An abdominal x-ray is an imaging test to look at organs and structures in the abdomen. Organs include the liver, spleen, stomach, and intestines. The bones of the lower spine are also visible. When the...
Diseases & Conditions
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is bleeding from the uterus that is longer than usual or that occurs at an irregular time. Bleeding may be heavier or lighter than usual and occur often or randomly. AUB...
Diseases & Conditions
Absent menstrual periods - primary
Absence of a woman's monthly menstrual period is called amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea is when a girl has not yet started her monthly periods, and she: Has gone through other normal changes that occur during...
Diseases & Conditions
Absent menstrual periods - secondary
Absence of a woman's monthly menstrual period is called amenorrhea. Secondary amenorrhea is when a woman who has been having normal menstrual cycles stops getting her periods for 6 months or longer.
Self-Care Instructions
Acetaminophen dosing for children
Tylenol
Self-Care Instructions
Aches and pains during pregnancy
Diseases & Conditions
Achilles tendinitis
Achilles tendinitis occurs when the tendon that connects the back of your leg to your heel becomes swollen and painful near the bottom of the foot. This tendon is called the Achilles tendon. It allows you...
Diseases & Conditions
Acne
Acne is a skin condition that causes pimples or "zits. " Whiteheads, blackheads, and red, inflamed patches of skin (such as cysts) may develop.
Self-Care Instructions
Acne - self-care
Acne vulgaris - self-care; Cystic acne - self-care; Pimples - self-care; Zits - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Actinic keratosis
Actinic keratosis is a small, rough, raised area on your skin. Often this area has been exposed to the sun over a long period of time. Some actinic keratoses may develop into a type of skin cancer.
Special Topics
Acute
Acute means sudden. Acute symptoms appear, change, or worsen rapidly. It is the opposite of chronic. chronic
Diseases & Conditions
Acute bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is swelling and inflamed tissue in the bronchi, the main passages that carry air to the lungs. This swelling narrows the airways, which makes it harder to breathe. Other symptoms of bronchitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Acute cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis is sudden swelling and irritation of the gallbladder. It causes severe belly pain.
Diseases & Conditions
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is sudden swelling and inflammation of the pancreas.
Diseases & Conditions
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a thickening of the walls of the uterus. It occurs when endometrial tissue grows into the outer muscular walls of the uterus. Endometrial tissue forms the lining of the uterus.
Diseases & Conditions
Adjustment disorder
Adjustment disorder is a group of symptoms, such as stress, anxiety, feeling sad or hopeless, and physical symptoms that can occur after you go through a stressful life event. The symptoms occur because...
Special Topics
Adolescent development
The development of children ages 12 through 18 years old should include expected physical and mental milestones.
Special Topics
Advance care directives
Living will; Power of attorney; DNR - advance directive; Do not resuscitate - advance directive; Do-not-resuscitate - advance directive; Durable power of attorney - advance care directive; POA - advance...
Special Topics
Aerobic
Aerobic means oxygen is needed to: SurviveGrowWork properly Survive Grow Work properly For example, bacteria that need oxygen to grow are called aerobic bacteria. Aerobic is the opposite of anaerobic. anaerobic
Diseases & Conditions
Agammaglobulinemia
Agammaglobulinemia is an inherited disorder in which a person has very low levels of protective immune system proteins called immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins are a type of antibody. Low levels of these...
Special Topics
Aging changes in hair and nails
Special Topics
Aging changes in hormone production
Special Topics
Aging changes in immunity
Special Topics
Aging changes in organs, tissue and cells
Special Topics
Aging changes in skin
Aging changes in the skin are a group of common conditions and developments that occur as people grow older.
Special Topics
Aging changes in sleep
Self-Care Instructions
Aging changes in teeth and gums
Dental hygiene - aging; Teeth - aging; Oral hygiene - aging
Special Topics
Aging changes in the bones - muscles - joints
Special Topics
Aging changes in the breast
Special Topics
Aging changes in the face
Special Topics
Aging changes in the female reproductive system
Aging changes in the female reproductive system result mainly from changing hormone levels. One clear sign of aging occurs when your menstrual periods stop permanently. This is known as menopause. hormone...
Special Topics
Aging changes in the heart and blood vessels
Special Topics
Aging changes in the kidneys and bladder
Special Topics
Aging changes in the lungs
Special Topics
Aging changes in the male reproductive system
Aging changes in the male reproductive system may include changes in testicular tissue, sperm production, and erectile function. These changes usually occur gradually.
Special Topics
Aging changes in the nervous system
Special Topics
Aging changes in the senses
As you age, the way your senses (hearing, vision, taste, smell, touch) give you information about the world changes. Your senses become less sharp, and this can make it harder for you to notice details...
Special Topics
Aging changes in vital signs
Special Topics
Aging spots - should you be concerned?
Diseases & Conditions
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is an intense fear and anxiety of being in places where it is hard to escape, or where help might not be available. Agoraphobia usually involves fear of crowds, bridges, or being outside alone...
Tests
Alanine transaminase (ALT) blood test
The alanine transaminase (ALT) blood test measures the level of the enzyme ALT in the blood. enzyme
Tests
Albumin blood (serum) test
Albumin is a protein made by the liver. A serum albumin test measures the amount of this protein in the clear liquid portion of the blood. Albumin can also be measured in the urine. urine
Special Topics
Alcohol use and safe drinking
Alcohol use involves drinking beer, wine, or hard liquor.
Diseases & Conditions
Alcohol use disorder
Alcohol use disorder is when your drinking causes serious problems in your life, yet you keep drinking. You may also need more and more alcohol to feel drunk. Stopping suddenly may cause withdrawal symptoms...
Special Topics
Alcohol use disorder - resources
In-depth Report
Alcohol use disorders - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Diseases & Conditions
Alcohol withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal refers to symptoms that may occur when a person who has been drinking too much alcohol on a regular basis suddenly stops drinking alcohol.
Diseases & Conditions
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
Alcoholic ketoacidosis is the buildup of ketones in the blood due to alcohol use. Ketones are a type of acid that form when the body breaks down fat for energy. The condition is an acute form of metabolic...
Diseases & Conditions
Alcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease is damage to the liver and its function due to alcohol abuse. alcohol abuse
Special Topics
Allergen
An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction. In some people, the immune system recognizes allergens as foreign or dangerous. As a result, the immune system reacts by making a type of...
Diseases & Conditions
Allergic conjunctivitis
The conjunctiva is a clear layer of tissue lining the eyelids and covering the white of the eye. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes swollen or inflamed due to a reaction to pollen...
Injury
Allergic reactions
Allergic reactions are sensitivities to substances called allergens that come into contact with the skin, nose, eyes, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. They can be breathed into the lungs,...
Diseases & Conditions
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is a diagnosis associated with a group of symptoms affecting the nose. These symptoms occur when you breathe in something you are allergic to, such as dust, animal dander, or pollen. Symptoms...
In-depth Report
Allergic rhinitis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of common nasal allergies. Nasal allergies can be associated with sinus inflammation and congestion; so the term 'allergic rhinosinusitis...
Self-Care Instructions
Allergic rhinitis - self-care
Hay fever - self-care; Seasonal rhinitis - self-care; Allergies - allergic rhinitis - self-care
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult
What to ask your doctor about allergic rhinitis - adult; Hay fever - what to ask your doctor - adult; Allergies - what to ask your doctor - adult; Allergic conjunctivitis - what to ask your doctor
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child
What to ask your doctor about allergic rhinitis - child; Hay fever - what to ask your doctor - child; Allergies - what to ask your doctor - child
Diseases & Conditions
Allergies
An allergy is an immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful. immune response
Self-Care Instructions
Allergies, asthma, and dust
Reactive airway disease - dust; Bronchial asthma - dust; Triggers - dust
Self-Care Instructions
Allergies, asthma, and molds
Reactive airway - mold; Bronchial asthma - mold; Triggers - mold; Allergic rhinitis - pollen
Self-Care Instructions
Allergies, asthma, and pollen
Reactive airway - pollen; Bronchial asthma - pollen; Triggers - pollen; Allergic rhinitis - pollen
Discharge Instructions
Allergy shots
Allergy injections; Allergen immunotherapy
Diseases & Conditions
Alopecia areata
Alopecia areata is a condition that causes round patches of hair loss. It can lead to total hair loss.
Special Topics
Alternative medicine - pain relief
Alternative medicine for pain relief refers to treatments that are used instead of conventional (standard) ones. Typically, they are low- or no-risk treatments. If you use an alternative treatment along...
Diseases & Conditions
Alzheimer disease
Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Dementia Dementia may also...
In-depth Report
Alzheimer disease - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer disease.
Self-Care Instructions
Am I in labor?
False labor; Braxton Hicks contractions; Prodromal labor; Latent labor; Pregnancy - labor
Diseases & Conditions
Amebiasis
Amebiasis is an infection of the intestines. It is caused by the microscopic parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Entamoeba histolytica
Diseases & Conditions
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a tooth development disorder. It causes the tooth enamel to be thin and abnormally formed. Enamel is the outer layer of the visible crown portion of the teeth.
Tests
Amylase - blood
Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates. It is made primarily in the pancreas and the glands that make saliva, and can be found at low levels in other parts of the body. When the pancreas is...
Tests
Amylase - urine
This is a test that measures the amount of amylase in urine. Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates. It is produced mainly in the pancreas and the glands that make saliva. enzyme Amylase may...
Diseases & Conditions
Anal fissure
An anal fissure is a small split or tear in the thin moist tissue (mucosa) lining the lower rectum (anus). mucosa
Self-Care Instructions
Anal itching - self-care
Pruritus ani - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. Different types of anemia include: Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiencyAnemia...
In-depth Report
Anemia - InDepth
An in-depth report on the types, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of anemia.
Diseases & Conditions
Anemia caused by low iron - children
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Anemia Iron helps make red blood cells...
Diseases & Conditions
Anemia of chronic disease
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Anemia Anemia of chronic disease (ACD...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Angina - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about angina and heart disease; Coronary artery disease - what to ask your doctor
Self-Care Instructions
Angina - when you have chest pain
Acute coronary syndrome - chest pain; Coronary artery disease - chest pain; CAD - chest pain; Coronary heart disease - chest pain; ACS - chest pain; Heart attack - chest pain; Myocardial infarction - chest...
Self-Care Instructions
Animal bites - self-care
Bites - animals - self-care
Symptoms
Ankle pain
Ankle pain involves any discomfort in one or both ankles.
Self-Care Instructions
Ankle sprain - aftercare
Lateral ankle sprain - aftercare; Medial ankle sprain - aftercare; Medial ankle injury - aftercare; Ankle syndesmosis sprain - aftercare; Syndesmosis injury - aftercare; ATFL injury - aftercare; CFL injury...
Diseases & Conditions
Anorexia
Anorexia is an eating disorder that causes people to weigh less than is considered healthy for their age and height, usually by excessive weight loss. People with this disorder may have an intense fear...
Tests
Anoscopy and high-resolution anoscopy
Anoscopy is a method to look at the: AnusAnal canalLower rectum Anus Anal canal Lower rectum
Special Topics
Anterior
Anterior means "in front of" or "the front surface of." It usually refers to the front side of the body. For example, your knee caps are on the anterior part of your body.
Injury
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
An anterior cruciate ligament injury is the over-stretching or tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee. A tear may be partial or complete.
Self-Care Instructions
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury - aftercare
Cruciate ligament injury - aftercare; ACL injury - aftercare; Knee injury - anterior cruciate
Diseases & Conditions
Anterior knee pain
Anterior knee pain is pain that occurs at the front and center of the knee. It can be caused by many different problems, including: Chondromalacia of the patella -- the softening and breakdown of the tissue...
Tests
Anti-DNase B blood test
Anti-DNase B is a blood test to look for antibodies to a substance (protein) produced by group A Streptococcus. This is the bacteria that cause strep throat. . strep throat When used together with the ASO...
Tests
Anti-smooth muscle antibody
Anti-smooth muscle antibody is a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies against smooth muscle. The antibody is useful in making a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. antibodies
Tests
Antibody titer blood test
Antibody titer is a laboratory test that measures the level of antibodies in a blood sample. antibodies
Self-Care Instructions
Antihistamines for allergies
Allergic rhinitis - antihistamine; Hives - antihistamine; Allergic conjunctivitis - antihistamine; Urticaria - antihistamine; Dermatitis - antihistamine; Eczema - antihistamine
Tests
Antimitochondrial antibody
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are substances (antibodies) that form against mitochondria. The mitochondria are an important part of cells. They are the energy source inside the cells. These help the...
Tests
Antinuclear antibody panel
The antinuclear antibody panel is a blood test that looks at antinuclear antibodies (ANA). antibodies ANA are antibodies produced by the immune system that bind to the body's own tissues.The antinuclear...
Tests
Antiparietal cell antibody test
An antiparietal cell antibody test is a blood test that looks for antibodies against the parietal cells of the stomach. The parietal cells make and release a substance called intrinsic factor that the body...
Self-Care Instructions
Antiplatelet medicines - P2Y12 inhibitors
Blood thinners - clopidogrel; Antiplatelet therapy - clopidogrel; Thienopyridines
Tests
Antistreptolysin O titer
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is a blood test to measure antibodies against streptolysin O, a substance produced by group A streptococcus bacteria. Antibodies are proteins our bodies produce when they...
Tests
Antithrombin III blood test
Antithrombin III (AT III) is a protein that helps control blood clotting. A blood test can determine the amount of AT III present in your body.
In-depth Report
Anxiety disorders - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of anxiety.
Diseases & Conditions
Apnea of prematurity
Apnea means "without breath" and refers to breathing that slows down or stops from any cause. Apnea of prematurity refers to breathing pauses in babies who were born before 37 weeks of pregnancy (premature...
Tests
Apolipoprotein B100
Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Variants in the gene that directs the body's production...
Tests
Apolipoprotein CII
Apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) is a protein found in large fat particles that the gastrointestinal tract absorbs. It is also found in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is made up of mostly triglycerides...
Diseases & Conditions
Apoplexy
Apoplexy is bleeding into an organ or loss of blood flow to an organ. For example, Adrenal apoplexy -- bleeding into the adrenal glandsPituitary apoplexy -- bleeding into the pituitary gland Adrenal apoplexy...
Diseases & Conditions
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is a condition in which your appendix gets inflamed. The appendix is a small pouch attached to the end of the large intestine.
Symptoms
Appetite - decreased
A decreased appetite is when your desire to eat is reduced. The medical term for a loss of appetite is anorexia.
Symptoms
Appetite - increased
Increased appetite means you have an excess desire for food.
Special Topics
Appropriate for gestational age (AGA)
Gestation is the period of time between conception and birth. During this time, the baby grows and develops inside the mother's womb. If the baby's gestational age findings after birth match the calendar...
Diseases & Conditions
Apraxia
Apraxia is a disorder of the brain and nervous system in which a person is unable to perform tasks or movements when asked, even though: The request or command is understoodThey are willing to perform the...
Special Topics
Are you getting too much exercise?
Symptoms
Armpit lump
An armpit lump is a swelling or bump under the arm. A lump in the armpit can have many causes. These include swollen lymph nodes, infections, or cysts.
Diseases & Conditions
Arrhythmias
An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm. The heart can beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. heart rate An arrhythmia can be harmless, a sign...
Tests
Arterial stick
An arterial stick is the collection of blood from an artery for lab testing.
Diseases & Conditions
Arthritis
Arthritis is inflammation or degeneration of one or more joints. A joint is the area where 2 bones meet. There are more than 100 different types of arthritis.
Special Topics
Arthritis - resources
Diseases & Conditions
Ascariasis
Ascariasis is an infection with the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. Ascaris lumbricoides
Diseases & Conditions
Ascites
Ascites is the build-up of fluid in the space between the lining of the abdomen and abdominal organs.
Diseases & Conditions
Asherman syndrome
Asherman syndrome is the formation of scar tissue in the uterine cavity. The problem most often develops after uterine surgery.
Tests
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test
The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test measures the level of the enzyme AST in the blood. enzyme
Special Topics
Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. amino acid "Nonessential" means that our bodies produce it, even if we do not get this amino acid from the food we...
Tests
Aspergillosis precipitin
Aspergillosis precipitin is a laboratory test to detect antibodies in the blood resulting from exposure to the fungus aspergillus. aspergillus
Special Topics
Aspiration
Aspiration means to draw in or out using a sucking motion. It has two meanings: Breathing in a foreign object (for example, sucking food into the airway).A medical procedure that removes something from...
Self-Care Instructions
Aspirin and heart disease
Blood thinners - aspirin; Antiplatelet therapy - aspirin
Diseases & Conditions
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic disease that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and become narrow. It leads to breathing difficulty such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
Discharge Instructions
Asthma - child - discharge
Pediatric asthma - discharge; Wheezing - discharge; Reactive airway disease - discharge
Self-Care Instructions
Asthma - control drugs
Asthma - inhaled corticosteroids; Asthma - long-acting beta-agonists; Asthma - leukotriene modifiers; Asthma - cromolyn; Bronchial asthma - control drugs; Wheezing - control drugs; Reactive airway disease...
Self-Care Instructions
Asthma - quick-relief drugs
Asthma - quick-relief drugs - short-acting beta-agonists; Asthma - quick-relief drugs - bronchodilators; Asthma - quick-relief drugs - oral steroids; Asthma - rescue drugs; Bronchial asthma - quick relief...
Self-Care Instructions
Asthma and school
Asthma action plan - school; Wheezing - school; Reactive airway disease - school; Bronchial asthma - school
In-depth Report
Asthma in adults - InDepth
An in-depth report on how asthma is diagnosed, treated, and managed in adults.
Diseases & Conditions
Asthma in children
Asthma is a disease that causes the airways to swell and get narrow. It leads to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma wheezing
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Asthma in children - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about asthma - child
In-depth Report
Asthma in children and adolescents - InDepth
An in-depth report on how asthma is diagnosed, treated, and managed in children and adolescents.
Special Topics
Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic means there are no symptoms. You are considered asymptomatic if you: Have recovered from an illness or condition and no longer have symptoms of that illness or conditionHave an illness or condition...
Diseases & Conditions
Asymptomatic HIV infection
Asymptomatic HIV infection is the second stage of HIV/AIDS. During this stage, there are no symptoms of HIV infection. This stage is also called chronic HIV infection or clinical latency. HIV/AIDS During...
Diseases & Conditions
Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Most of the time, your urine is sterile. This means there are no bacteria growing. On the other hand, if you have symptoms of a bladder or kidney infection, bacteria will often be present and growing in...
Diseases & Conditions
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, sometimes called "hardening of the arteries," occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. These deposits are called plaques. Over time, these plaques...
Diseases & Conditions
Athlete's foot
Athlete's foot is an infection of the feet caused by fungus. The medical term is tinea pedis or ringworm of the foot.
Diseases & Conditions
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a long-term (chronic) skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes. It is a type of eczema. Other forms of dermatitis include: Contact dermatitisDyshidrotic eczemaNummular eczemaSeborrheic...
Self-Care Instructions
Atopic dermatitis - children - homecare
Infantile eczema; Dermatitis - atopic children; Eczema - atopic - children
Self-Care Instructions
Atopic dermatitis - self-care
Eczema - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a problem caused by the presence of one or more of these findings: Not being able to focusBeing overactiveNot being able to control behavior Not being...
In-depth Report
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ADHD.
Diseases & Conditions
Atypical pneumonia
Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. With atypical pneumonia, the infection is caused by different bacteria than the more common ones that cause pneumonia. Atypical...
Tests
Audiometry
An audiometry exam tests your ability to hear sounds. Sounds vary, based on their loudness (intensity) and the speed of sound wave vibrations (tone). Hearing occurs when sound waves stimulate the nerves...
Special Topics
Auscultation
Auscultation is listening to the sounds of the body during a physical examination. physical examination
Diseases & Conditions
Autism spectrum disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder. It often appears in the first 2 to 3 years of life. ASD affects the brain's ability to develop normal social and communication skills.
Diseases & Conditions
Autism spectrum disorder - Asperger syndrome
Asperger syndrome is often considered a high functioning form of autism. It can lead to difficulty interacting socially, repetitive behaviors, and clumsiness. Asperger syndrome, however, is no longer used...
Diseases & Conditions
Avian influenza
Avian influenza A viruses cause the influenza (flu) infection in birds. These viruses occur in wild birds and can infect domestic poultry. The viruses that cause the disease in birds can change their genes...
Tests
B and T cell screen
B and T cell screen is a lab test to determine the amount of B and T lymphocytes in the blood.
Tests
BUN - blood test
BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen. Urea nitrogen is what forms when protein breaks down. A test can be done to measure the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood.
Special Topics
Babies and heat rashes
Heat rash occurs in babies when the pores of the sweat glands become blocked. This happens most often when the weather is hot or humid. As your infant sweats, little red bumps and possibly tiny blisters...
Special Topics
Babies and shots
Immunizations (vaccinations) are important to keep your child healthy. This article discusses how to ease the pain of shots for babies.
Self-Care Instructions
Baby supplies you need
Newborn care - baby supplies
Self-Care Instructions
Back pain - returning to work
Nonspecific back pain - work; Backache - work; Lumbar pain - work; Pain - back - chronic; Low back pain - work; Lumbago - work
Special Topics
Back pain - when you see the doctor
When you first see your health care provider for back pain, you will be asked about your back pain, including how often and when it occurs and how severe it is. Your provider will try to determine the cause...
In-depth Report
Back pain and sciatica - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of back pain, including sciatica.
Self-Care Instructions
Back pain and sports
Bicycling - back pain; Golf - back pain; Tennis - back pain; Running - back pain; Weightlifting - back pain; Lumbar pain - sports; Sciatica - sports; Low back pain - sports
Diseases & Conditions
Bacterial gastroenteritis
Bacterial gastroenteritis occurs when there is a bacterial infection of your stomach or intestines.
Self-Care Instructions
Bacterial vaginosis - aftercare
Nonspecific vaginitis - aftercare; BV
Diseases & Conditions
Bartholin cyst or abscess
Bartholin abscess is the buildup of pus that forms a lump (swelling) in one of the Bartholin glands. These glands are found on each side of the vaginal opening. swelling
Diseases & Conditions
Basal cell skin cancer
Basal cell cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. Most skin cancers are basal cell cancer. Other common types of skin cancer are: Squamous cell cancerMelanoma Squamous cell cancer...
Tests
Basic metabolic panel
The basic metabolic panel is a group of blood tests that provides information about your body's metabolism. metabolism
Self-Care Instructions
Bathing a patient in bed
Bed bath; Sponge bath
Self-Care Instructions
Bathing an infant
Bathing safety tips; Infant bathing; Newborn bathing; Bathing your newborn baby
Self-Care Instructions
Bathroom safety - children
Well child - bathroom safety
Self-Care Instructions
Bathroom safety for adults
Older adult bathroom safety; Falls - bathroom safety
Self-Care Instructions
Bed rest during pregnancy
Special Topics
Bedtime habits for infants and children
Sleep patterns are often learned as children. When these patterns are repeated, they become habits. Helping your child learn good bedtime habits may help make going to bed a pleasant routine for you and...
Special Topics
Bedwetting
Enuresis; Nocturnal enuresis
Self-Care Instructions
Being active after your heart attack
Heart attack - activity; MI - activity; Myocardial infarction - activity; Cardiac rehabilitation - activity; ACS - activity; NSTEMI - activity; Acute coronary syndrome activity
Self-Care Instructions
Being active when you have heart disease
Heart disease - activity; CAD - activity; Coronary artery disease - activity; Angina - activity
Diseases & Conditions
Bell palsy
Bell palsy is a disorder of the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face. This nerve is called the facial or seventh cranial nerve. Damage to this nerve causes weakness or paralysis of these...
Special Topics
Beneficios de dejar el tabaco
Tabaquismo pasivo; Fumar cigarrillo - dejar; Dejar el hábito del tabaco; Tabaco que se fuma y que no se fuma - abandonar el consumo; Por qué es recomendable dejar de fumar
Self-Care Instructions
Benefits of breastfeeding
Nursing your baby; Lactation; Deciding to breastfeed
Special Topics
Benefits of quitting tobacco
If you smoke, you should quit. But quitting can be hard. Most people who have quit smoking have tried at least once, and often several times, without long-term success in the past. View any past attempts...
Diseases & Conditions
Benign positional vertigo
Benign positional vertigo is the most common type of vertigo. Vertigo is the feeling that you are spinning or that everything is spinning around you. It may occur when you move your head in a certain position...
Self-Care Instructions
Benign positional vertigo - aftercare
Vertigo - positional - aftercare; Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - aftercare; BPPV - aftercare; Dizziness - positional vertigo
In-depth Report
Benign prostatic hyperplasia - InDepth
An in-depth report about the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Diseases & Conditions
Beriberi
Beriberi is a disease in which the body does not have enough thiamine (vitamin B1). thiamine
Tests
Beta-carotene blood test
The beta-carotene test measures the level of beta-carotene in the blood.
Self-Care Instructions
Bicycle safety
Self-Care Instructions
Bile acid sequestrants for cholesterol
Antilipemic agent; Bile acid resins; Colestipol (Colestid); Cholestyramine (Locholest, Prevalite, and Questran); Colesevelam (Welchol)
Diseases & Conditions
Bile duct obstruction
Bile duct obstruction is a blockage in the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine.
Diseases & Conditions
Bile duct stricture
A bile duct stricture is an abnormal narrowing, most often of the common bile duct. This is a tube that moves bile from the liver to the small intestine. Bile is a substance that helps with digestion. bile
Special Topics
Bili lights
Bili lights are a type of light therapy (phototherapy) that is used to treat newborn jaundice. Jaundice is a yellow coloring of the skin and eyes. It is caused by too much of a yellow substance called bilirubin...
Diseases & Conditions
Biliary atresia
Biliary atresia is a blockage in the tubes (ducts) that carry a liquid called bile from the liver to the gallbladder.
Tests
Bilirubin - urine
Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, which is a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. bile This article is about a lab test to measure the amount of bilirubin in the urine...
Tests
Bilirubin blood test
The bilirubin blood test measures the level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. Bilirubin can also be measured with a urine test. urine...
Symptoms
Binge eating disorder
Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder in which a person regularly eats unusually large amounts of food. During binge eating, the person also feels a loss of control and is not able to stop eating...
Special Topics
Biofeedback
Biofeedback is a technique that measures bodily functions and gives you information about them in order to help train you to control them.
Diseases & Conditions
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is a mental condition in which a person has wide or extreme swings in their mood. Periods of feeling sad and depressed may alternate with periods of intense excitement and activity or being...
In-depth Report
Bipolar disorder - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of bipolar disorder.
Special Topics
Birth control - slow release methods
Certain birth control methods contain man-made forms of hormones. The natural forms of these hormones are normally made in a woman's ovaries. These hormones are called estrogen and progestin. Both of these...
In-depth Report
Birth control options for women - InDepth
An in-depth report on the birth control options available to women.
Special Topics
Birth control pills
Birth control pills (BCPs) contain man-made forms of 2 hormones called estrogen and progestin. These hormones are made naturally in a woman's ovaries. BCPs can contain both of these hormones, or have progestin...
Self-Care Instructions
Birth control pills - combination
The pill - combination; Oral contraceptives - combination; OCP - combination; Contraception - combination; BCP - combination
Self-Care Instructions
Birth control pills - progestin only
Mini-pill; The pill - progestin; Oral contraceptives - progestin; OCP - progestin; Contraception - progestin; BCP - progestin
Diseases & Conditions
Birthmarks - pigmented
A birthmark is a skin marking that is present at birth. Birthmarks include cafe-au-lait spots, moles, and Mongolian spots. Birthmarks can be red or other colors. red
Symptoms
Black or tarry stools
Black or tarry stools with a foul smell are a sign of a problem in the upper digestive tract. It most often indicates that there is bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, or first part of the small intestine...
Symptoms
Blackheads
Blackheads are tiny, dark spots on the skin. They are caused by a small plug in the opening of a follicle (pore). Blackheads are also called open comedones. They are one type of acne, often on the face...
Diseases & Conditions
Bladder stones
Bladder stones are hard buildups of minerals. These form in the urinary bladder.
Injury
Bleeding
Bleeding is the loss of blood. Bleeding may be: Inside the body (internal)Outside the body (external) Inside the body (internal) Outside the body (external) Bleeding may occur: Inside the body when blood...
Diseases & Conditions
Bleeding disorders
Bleeding disorders are a group of conditions in which there is a problem with the body's blood clotting process. These disorders can lead to heavy and prolonged bleeding after an injury or surgery. Bleeding...
Symptoms
Bleeding into the skin
Bleeding into the skin can occur from broken blood vessels that form tiny red dots (called petechiae). Blood also can collect under the tissue in larger flat areas (called purpura), or in a very large bruised...
Tests
Bleeding time
Bleeding time is a medical test that measures how fast small blood vessels in the skin stop bleeding. Because it is difficult to perform correctly, it is rarely used today.
Diseases & Conditions
Blood clots
Blood clots are clumps that occur when blood hardens from a liquid to a solid. A blood clot that forms inside one of your veins or arteries is called a thrombus. A thrombus may also form in your heart....
Tests
Blood culture
A blood culture is a laboratory test to check for bacteria or other germs in a blood sample.
Tests
Blood differential test
The blood differential test measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell (WBC) that you have in your blood. It also reveals if there are any abnormal or immature cells.
Symptoms
Blood in the semen
Blood in the semen is called hematospermia. It may be in amounts too small to be seen except with a microscope, or it may be visible in the ejaculation fluid.
Tests
Blood pressure measurement
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force on the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. You can measure your blood pressure at home. You can also have it checked at your...
Special Topics
Blood pressure monitors for home
Your health care provider may ask you to keep track of your blood pressure at home. To do this, you will need to get a home blood pressure monitor. track of your blood pressure
Tests
Blood smear
A blood smear is a blood test that gives information about the number and shape of blood cells. It is often done as part of or along with a complete blood count (CBC).
Tests
Blood typing
Blood typing is a method to tell what type of blood you have. Blood typing is done so you can safely donate your blood or receive a blood transfusion. It is also done to see if you have a substance called...
Diseases & Conditions
Body lice
Body lice are tiny insects (scientific name is Pediculus humanus corporis) that are spread through close contact with other people. Pediculus humanus corporis Two other types of lice are: Head licePubic...
Special Topics
Body mass index
A good way to decide if your weight is healthy for your height is to figure out your body mass index (BMI). You and your health care provider can use your BMI to estimate how much body fat you have.
Special Topics
Body temperature norms
Normal body temperature varies by person, age, activity, and time of day. The average normal body temperature is generally accepted as 98. 6°F (37°C). Some studies have shown that the normal body temperature...
Diseases & Conditions
Boils
A boil is an infection that affects groups of hair follicles and nearby skin tissue. Related conditions include folliculitis, an inflammation of one or more hair follicles, and carbunculosis, a skin infection...
Special Topics
Bonding with your newborn
Tests
Bone mineral density test
A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures how much calcium and other types of minerals are in an area of your bone. This test helps your health care provider detect osteoporosis or bone loss and predict...
Symptoms
Bone pain or tenderness
Bone pain or tenderness is aching or other discomfort in one or more bones.
Symptoms
Bowel incontinence
Bowel incontinence is the loss of bowel control, causing you to unexpectedly pass stool. This can range from sometimes leaking a small amount of stool and passing gas, to not being able to control bowel...
Special Topics
Bowel retraining
A program of bowel retraining, Kegel exercises, or biofeedback therapy may be used by people to help improve their bowel movements. Kegel exercises biofeedback
Diseases & Conditions
Brain abscess
A brain abscess is a collection of pus, immune cells, and other material in the brain, caused by a bacterial or fungal infection.
Discharge Instructions
Brain injury - discharge
Head injury - discharge; Head trauma - discharge; Contusion - discharge; Shaken baby syndrome - discharge
Tests
Brain natriuretic peptide test
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test is a blood test that measures levels of the protein BNP that is made by your heart and blood vessels. BNP levels are higher than normal when you have heart failure.
Special Topics
Break the bonds of emotional eating
Obesity - emotional eating; Overweight - emotional eating; Diet - emotional eating; Weight loss - emotional meaning
Special Topics
Breast cancer screening
Mammogram - breast cancer screening; Breast exam - breast cancer screening; MRI - breast cancer screening
Symptoms
Breast enlargement in males
When an abnormal amount of breast tissue develops in males, it is called gynecomastia. It is important to find out if the excess growth in the area of the breast is breast tissue and not excess fat tissue...
Diseases & Conditions
Breast infection
A breast infection is an infection in the tissue of the breast.
Symptoms
Breast lump
A breast lump is swelling, growth, or mass in the breast. Breast lumps in both men and women raise concern for breast cancer, even though most lumps are not cancer.
breast cancer
Self-Care Instructions
Breast milk - pumping and storing
Milk - human; Human milk; Milk - breast; Breast pump information; Breastfeeding - pump
Symptoms
Breast pain
Breast pain is any discomfort or pain in the breast.
Special Topics
Breast self-exam
A breast self-exam is something a woman does at home to look for changes or problems in her breast tissue. Many women feel that doing this is important to their health. However, experts do not agree about...
Self-Care Instructions
Breastfeeding - self-care
Nursing mothers - self-care; Breast feeding - self-care
Self-Care Instructions
Breastfeeding - skin and nipple changes
Inverted nipple; Nipple discharge; Breast feeding - nipple changes; Breastfeeding - nipple changes
Special Topics
Breastfeeding vs. formula feeding
Symptoms
Breath odor
Breath odor is the scent of the air you breathe out of your mouth. Unpleasant breath odor is commonly called bad breath.
Symptoms
Breath sounds
Breath sounds are the noises produced by the structures of the lungs during breathing.
Diseases & Conditions
Breath-holding spell
Some children have breath-holding spells. This is an involuntary stop in breathing that is not in the child's control.
Symptoms
Breathing difficulty - lying down
Breathing difficulty while lying down is an abnormal condition in which a person has a problem breathing normally when lying flat. The head must be raised by sitting or standing to be able to breathe deeply...
Diseases & Conditions
Brief resolved unexplained event - BRUE
A brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) is when an infant younger than one year stops breathing, has a change in muscle tone, turns pale or blue in color, or is unresponsive. The event occurs suddenly...
Self-Care Instructions
Bringing your child to visit a very ill sibling
Injury
Broken bone
If more pressure is put on a bone than it can stand, it will split or break. A break of any size is called a fracture. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open fracture (compound fracture...
Self-Care Instructions
Broken collarbone - aftercare
Collarbone fracture - aftercare; Clavicle fracture - aftercare; Clavicular fracture
Self-Care Instructions
Broken kneecap - aftercare
Patella fracture
Self-Care Instructions
Broken toe - self-care
Fractured toe - self-care; Broken bone - toe - self-care; Fracture - toe - self-care; Fracture phalanx - toe
Diseases & Conditions
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is swelling and mucus buildup in the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchioles). It is usually due to a viral infection.
Self-Care Instructions
Bronchoscopy - aftercare
Bronchoscopy - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Brucellosis
Brucellosis is a bacterial infection that occurs from contact with animals carrying brucella bacteria.
Injury
Bruise
A bruise is an area of skin discoloration. A bruise occurs when small blood vessels break and leak their contents into the soft tissue beneath the skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Bruxism
Bruxism is when you grind your teeth (slide your teeth back and forth over each other).
Special Topics
Bug repellent safety
A bug repellent is a substance that is applied to the skin or clothing to protect you against biting insects. biting insects
Diseases & Conditions
Bulimia
Bulimia is an eating disorder in which a person has regular episodes of eating a very large amount of food (bingeing) during which the person feels a loss of control over their eating. The person then uses...
Symptoms
Bullae
Bullae are large blisters on the skin that are filled with clear fluid. Many different skin conditions can cause bullae to form. They can be caused by infection or inflammation of the skin. blisters
Diseases & Conditions
Bullous pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid is a skin disorder characterized by blisters. blisters
Diseases & Conditions
Bunions
A bunion forms when your big toe points outward toward your second toe. This causes a bump to appear on the inside edge of your toe.
Injury
Burns
Burns commonly occur by direct or indirect contact with heat, electric current, radiation, or chemical agents. Burns can lead to cell death, which can require hospitalization and can be fatal.
Diseases & Conditions
Bursitis
Bursitis is the swelling and irritation of a bursa. A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between muscles, tendons, and bones.
Diseases & Conditions
Bursitis of the heel
Bursitis of the heel is swelling of the fluid-filled sac (bursa) at the back of the heel bone.
Self-Care Instructions
Butter, margarine, and cooking oils
Cholesterol - butter; Hyperlipidemia - butter; CAD - butter; Coronary artery disease - butter; Heart disease - butter; Prevention - butter; Cardiovascular disease - butter; Peripheral artery disease - butter...
Special Topics
Buying and caring for baby bottles and nipples
Tests
C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is produced by the liver. The level of CRP rises when there is inflammation in the body. It is one of a group of proteins, called acute phase reactants that go up in response to...
Surgery
C-section
A C-section is the delivery of a baby by making an opening in the mother's lower belly area. It is also called a cesarean delivery.
Tests
C1 esterase inhibitor
C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is a protein found in the fluid part of your blood. It controls a protein called C1, which is part of the complement system. complement system The complement system is a group...
Tests
CBC blood test
A complete blood count (CBC) test measures the following: The number of white blood cells (WBC count)The number of red blood cells (RBC count)The number of plateletsThe total amount of hemoglobin in the...
Tests
CMV blood test
The CMV blood test determines the presence of substances (proteins) called antibodies to a virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the blood. antibodies
Diseases & Conditions
CMV pneumonia
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is a viral infection of the lungs that can occur in people who have a suppressed immune system.
Diseases & Conditions
CMV retinitis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a viral infection of the retina of the eye resulting in inflammation.
Tests
CO2 blood test
CO2 is carbon dioxide. This article discusses the laboratory test to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the liquid part of your blood, called the serum. In the body, most of the CO2 is in the form...
Self-Care Instructions
COPD - control drugs
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - control drugs; Bronchodilators - COPD - control drugs; Beta agonist inhaler - COPD - control drugs; Anticholinergic inhaler - COPD - control drugs; Long-acting inhaler...
Special Topics
COPD - managing stress and your mood
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - emotions; Stress - COPD; Depression - COPD
Self-Care Instructions
COPD - quick-relief drugs
COPD - quick-relief drugs; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - control drugs; Chronic obstructive airways disease - quick-relief drugs; Chronic obstructive lung disease - quick-relief drugs; Chronic...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
COPD - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about COPD; Emphysema - what to ask your doctor; Chronic bronchitis - what to ask your doctor; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - what to ask your doctor
Special Topics
COPD and other health problems
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - comorbidities; COPD - comorbidities
Self-Care Instructions
COPD flare-ups
COPD exacerbation; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation; Emphysema exacerbation; Chronic bronchitis exacerbation
Tests
COVID-19 antibody test
This blood test shows if you have antibodies against the virus that causes COVID-19. Antibodies are proteins produced by the body in response to harmful substances, such as viruses and bacteria. Antibodies...
Symptoms
COVID-19 symptoms
COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory illness caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild to severe. Symptoms may include: FeverChillsCoughCoughing up blood (hemoptysis...
Special Topics
COVID-19 vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/covid-19.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/covid-19.html
Special Topics
COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 vaccines are used to prepare the body's immune system to protect against COVID-19. COVID-19 Everyone ages 6 months and older should get a 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccine. This includes pregnant women...
Self-Care Instructions
COVID-19 vaccines - what to expect
Special Topics
COVID-19 vaccines for children ages 6 months and older
COVID-19 vaccines are used to prepare the body's immune system to protect against COVID-19.
Tests
COVID-19 virus test
Testing for the virus that causes COVID-19 involves taking a mucus sample from your upper respiratory tract. This test is used to diagnose COVID-19. The COVID-19 virus test is not used to test your immunity...
Tests
CPK isoenzymes test
The creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes test measures the different forms of CPK in the blood. CPK is an enzyme found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
Tests
CSF coccidioides complement fixation test
CSF coccidioides complement fixation is a test that checks for infection due to the fungus Coccidioides spp. in the cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid. This is the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The...
Tests
CT angiography - head and neck
CT angiography (CTA) combines a CT scan with the injection of dye. CT stands for computed tomography. This technique is able to create pictures of the blood vessels in the head and neck.
Tests
CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create pictures of cross-sections of the body. Related tests include: Abdominal and pelvis CT scanCranial or head CT scanCervical...
Nutrition
Caffeine in the diet
Caffeine is a substance that is found in certain plants. It can also be man-made and added to foods. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a diuretic (substance that helps rid your body of fluids...
Special Topics
Calcification
Calcification is a process in which calcium builds up in body tissue, causing the tissue to harden. This can be a normal or abnormal process.
Tests
Calcium - ionized
Ionized calcium is calcium in your blood that is not attached to proteins. It is also called free calcium. All cells need calcium in order to work. Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. It is important...
Special Topics
Calcium and bones
Tests
Calcium blood test
The calcium blood test measures the level of calcium in the blood. This article discusses the test to measure the total amount of calcium in your blood. About one half of the calcium in the blood is attached...
Nutrition
Calcium in diet
Calcium is the most plentiful mineral found in the human body. The teeth and bones contain the most calcium. Nerve cells, body tissues, blood, and other body fluids contain the rest of the calcium.
Special Topics
Calcium supplements
WHO SHOULD TAKE CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS? Calcium is an important mineral for the human body. It helps build and protect your teeth and bones. Getting enough calcium over your lifetime can help prevent osteoporosis...
Self-Care Instructions
Calcium, vitamin D, and your bones
Osteoporosis - calcium; Osteoporosis - low bone density
Special Topics
Calorie count - Alcoholic beverages
Weight loss - calorie count - alcoholic beverages; Overweight - calorie count - alcoholic beverages; Obesity - calorie count - alcoholic beverages
Special Topics
Calorie count - fast food
Weight-loss calorie count fast food; Obesity - calorie count fast food; Overweight - calorie count fast food; Healthy diet - calorie count fast food
Special Topics
Calorie count - sodas and energy drinks
Weight-loss calorie count sodas; Obesity - calorie sodas; Overweight - calorie count sodas; Healthy diet - calorie count sodas
Diseases & Conditions
Campylobacter infection
Campylobacter infection occurs in the small intestine from bacteria called Campylobacter jejuni. It is a type of bacterial food poisoning. Campylobacter jejuni
Special Topics
Can you boost your metabolism?
Weight-loss boost metabolism; Obesity - boost metabolism; Overweight - boost metabolism
Self-Care Instructions
Can't sleep? Try these tips
Diseases & Conditions
Canker sore
A canker sore is a painful, open sore in the mouth. Canker sores are white or yellow and surrounded by a bright red area. They are not cancerous. A canker sore is not the same as a fever blister (cold sore...
Nutrition
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are one of the main nutrients in our diet. They help provide energy for our body. There are three main types of carbohydrates found in foods: sugars, starches, and fiber. fiber People with...
Diseases & Conditions
Carbuncle
A carbuncle is a skin infection that often involves a group of hair follicles. The infected material forms a lump, which occurs deep in the skin and often contains pus. When a person has many carbuncles...
Tests
Cardiac event monitors
A cardiac event monitor is a device that you control to record the electrical activity of your heart. Cardiac event monitors range in size, with the largest being about the size of a deck of cards. The...
Self-Care Instructions
Cardiac rehabilitation
Cardiac rehab; Heart attack - cardiac rehab; Coronary heart disease - cardiac rehab; Coronary artery disease - cardiac rehab; Angina - cardiac rehab; Heart failure - cardiac rehab
Special Topics
Cardiovascular
The term cardiovascular refers to the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular). The cardiovascular system includes: ArteriesArteriolesCapillariesHeartVenules Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Heart...
Self-Care Instructions
Caregiving - medication management
Caregiving - managing medicines
Self-Care Instructions
Caregiving - resources - older adults
Self-Care Instructions
Caregiving - taking your loved one to the doctor
Self-Care Instructions
Caring for muscle spasticity or spasms
High muscle tone - care; Increased muscle tension - care; Upper motor neuron syndrome - care; Muscle stiffness - care
Diseases & Conditions
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is excessive pressure on the median nerve at the wrist. This is the nerve that allows feeling and movement to parts of the hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome...
In-depth Report
Carpal tunnel syndrome - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Diseases & Conditions
Cat-scratch disease
Cat-scratch disease is an infection with bartonella bacteria. It is transmitted by cat scratches, cat bites, or flea bites.
Tests
Catecholamine blood test
This test measures the levels of catecholamines in the blood. Catecholamines are hormones made by the adrenal glands. The three catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, and dopamine...
Tests
Catecholamines - urine
Catecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These chemicals break down...
Nutrition
Celiac disease - nutritional considerations
Celiac disease is an immune disorder passed down through families. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, or rye. It may also be found in some medicines. When a person with celiac disease eats or drinks...
Diseases & Conditions
Celiac disease – sprue
Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition that damages the lining of the small intestine. This damage comes from a reaction to eating gluten. This is a substance that is found in wheat, rye, barley, and...
Special Topics
Cellulite
Cellulite is fat that collects in pockets just below the surface of the skin. It forms around the hips, thighs, and buttocks. Cellulite deposits cause the skin to look dimpled.
Diseases & Conditions
Cellulitis
Cellulitis is a common skin infection caused by bacteria. It affects the middle layer of the skin (dermis) and the tissues below. Sometimes, muscle below the skin can be affected.
Tests
Ceruloplasmin blood test
The ceruloplasmin test measures the level of the copper-containing protein ceruloplasmin in the blood.
Self-Care Instructions
Cervical cancer - screening and prevention
Cancer cervix - screening; HPV - cervical cancer screening; Dysplasia - cervical cancer screening; Cervical cancer - HPV vaccine
Diseases & Conditions
Cervical dysplasia
Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina. cervix The changes are not...
Diseases & Conditions
Cervical spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis is a disorder in which there is wear on the cartilage (disks) and bones and joints of the neck (cervical vertebrae). It is a common cause of chronic neck pain.
Diseases & Conditions
Cervicitis
Cervicitis is swelling or inflamed tissue of the end of the uterus (cervix). cervix
Special Topics
Chafing
Chafing is skin irritation that occurs where skin rubs against skin, clothing, or other material.
Diseases & Conditions
Chalazion
A chalazion is a small bump in the eyelid caused by a blockage of a tiny oil gland.
Diseases & Conditions
Chancroid
Chancroid is a bacterial infection that is spread through sexual contact.
Special Topics
Changes in the newborn at birth
Changes in the newborn at birth refer to the changes an infant's body undergoes to adapt to life outside the womb.
Self-Care Instructions
Changing your ostomy pouch
Ostomy - pouch change; Colostomy - pouch change; Ileostomy - pouch change
Self-Care Instructions
Changing your sleep habits
Insomnia - sleep habits; Sleep disorder - sleep habits; Problems falling asleep; Sleep hygiene
Special Topics
Chapped hands
Special Topics
Chapped lips
Diseases & Conditions
Charley horse
A charley horse is the common name for a muscle spasm or cramp. Muscle spasms can occur in any muscle in the body, but often happen in the leg. When a muscle is in spasm, it contracts without your control...
Injury
Chemical burn or reaction
Chemicals that touch skin can lead to a reaction on the skin, throughout the body, or both.
Diseases & Conditions
Cherry angioma
A cherry angioma is a noncancerous (benign) skin growth made up of blood vessels. benign
Symptoms
Chest pain
Chest pain is discomfort or pain that you feel anywhere along the front of your body between your neck and upper abdomen.
Tests
Chest x-ray
A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and diaphragm. x-ray
Special Topics
Chicken soup and sickness
Diseases & Conditions
Chickenpox
Chickenpox is a viral infection in which a person develops very itchy blisters all over the body. It was more common in the past. The illness is rare today because of the chickenpox vaccine. chickenpox...
Diseases & Conditions
Chiggers
Chiggers are tiny, 6-legged wingless organisms (larvae) that mature to become a type of mite. Chiggers are found in tall grass and weeds. Their bite causes severe itching.
Diseases & Conditions
Child neglect and emotional abuse
Neglect and emotional abuse can cause a child a lot of harm. It is often hard to see or prove this kind of abuse, so other people may be unlikely to help the child. When a child is being physically or sexually...
Diseases & Conditions
Child physical abuse
Child physical abuse is a serious problem. Here are some facts: Most children who suffer abuse are abused at home or by someone they know. They often love this person, or are afraid of them, so they do...
Self-Care Instructions
Child safety seats
Child car seats; Infant car seats; Car seats; Car safety seats
Self-Care Instructions
Children and grief
Symptoms
Chills
Chills refers to feeling cold after being in a cold environment. The word can also refer to an episode of shivering along with paleness and feeling cold.
Discharge Instructions
Chiropractic care for back pain
Diseases & Conditions
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is an infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is most often spread through sexual contact. Chlamydia trachomatis
Diseases & Conditions
Chlamydia infections in women
Chlamydia is an infection that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. This type of infection is known as sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Diseases & Conditions
Chlamydial infections - male
Chlamydia infection in males is usually an infection of the urethra. The urethra is the tube that drains urine from the bladder. It passes through the penis. This type of infection is passed from one person...
Tests
Chloride - urine test
The urine chloride test measures the amount of chloride in the urine.
Nutrition
Chloride in diet
Chloride is found in many chemicals and other substances in the body. It is one of the components of salt used in cooking and is found naturally in many foods.
Tests
Chloride test - blood
Chloride is a type of electrolyte. It works with other electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and carbon dioxide (CO2). These substances help keep the proper balance of body fluids and maintain the body...
In-depth Report
Cholesterol - InDepth
An in-depth report on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of unhealthy cholesterol levels.
Self-Care Instructions
Cholesterol - drug treatment
Hyperlipidemia - drug treatment; Hardening of the arteries - statin
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Cholesterol - what to ask your doctor
Hyperlipidemia - what to ask your doctor; What to ask your doctor about cholesterol
Self-Care Instructions
Cholesterol and lifestyle
Hyperlipidemia - cholesterol and lifestyle; CAD - cholesterol and lifestyle; Coronary artery disease - cholesterol and lifestyle; Heart disease - cholesterol and lifestyle; Prevention - cholesterol and...
Self-Care Instructions
Cholesterol testing and results
Cholesterol test results; LDL test results; VLDL test results; HDL test results; Coronary risk profile results; Hyperlipidemia-results; Lipid disorder test results; Heart disease - cholesterol results
Special Topics
Choosing a primary care provider
A primary care provider (PCP) is a health care practitioner who sees people that have common medical problems. This person is most often a doctor. However, a PCP may be a physician assistant or a nurse...
Self-Care Instructions
Choosing a skilled nursing and rehabilitation facility
SNF; SAR; Sub-acute rehab
Special Topics
Choosing effective patient education materials
Special Topics
Choosing the right health care provider for pregnancy and childbirth
Prenatal care - health care provider; Pregnancy care - health care provider
Tests
Chromium - blood test
Chromium is a mineral that affects insulin, carbohydrate, fat, and protein levels in the body. This article discusses the test to check the amount of chromium in your blood.
Nutrition
Chromium in diet
Chromium is an essential element that is not made by the body. It must be obtained from the diet.
Special Topics
Chronic
Chronic refers to something that continues over an extended period of time. A chronic condition is usually long-lasting and does not easily or quickly go away. Chronic is the opposite of acute. acute
Diseases & Conditions
Chronic cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis is swelling and irritation of the gallbladder that continues over time. The gallbladder is a sac located under the liver. It stores bile that is made in the liver. Bile helps with...
In-depth Report
Chronic fatigue syndrome - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome.
Diseases & Conditions
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease is the slow loss of kidney function over time. The main job of the kidneys is to remove wastes and excess water from the body.
Diseases & Conditions
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease. Having COPD makes it hard to breathe. There are two main forms of COPD: Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucusEmphysema...
In-depth Report
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -- emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Special Topics
Chronic pain - resources
Diseases & Conditions
Chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease)
Chronic thyroiditis is caused by a reaction of the immune system against the thyroid gland. It often results in reduced thyroid function (hypothyroidism). hypothyroidism The disorder is also called Hashimoto...
Diseases & Conditions
Chylomicronemia syndrome
Chylomicronemia syndrome is a disorder in which the body does not break down fats (lipids) correctly. This causes fat particles called chylomicrons to build up in the blood. The disorder is passed down...
Surgery
Circumcision
Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis. penis
Diseases & Conditions
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver and poor liver function. It is the last stage of chronic liver disease.
In-depth Report
Cirrhosis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cirrhosis.
Discharge Instructions
Cirrhosis - discharge
Liver failure - discharge; Liver cirrhosis - discharge
Tests
Clean catch urine sample
A clean catch is a method of collecting a urine sample to be tested. The clean-catch urine method is used to prevent germs from the penis or vagina from getting into a urine sample.
Special Topics
Cleaning supplies and equipment
Self-Care Instructions
Clear liquid diet
Surgery - clear liquid diet; Medical test - clear liquid diet
Diseases & Conditions
Clubfoot
Clubfoot is a condition that involves both the foot and lower leg in which the foot turns inward and downward. It is a congenital condition, which means it is present at birth.
Diseases & Conditions
Cluster headache
A cluster headache is an uncommon type of headache. It is one-sided head pain that may involve tearing of the eyes, a droopy eyelid, and a stuffy nose. Attacks last from 15 minutes to 3 hours, occur daily...
Diseases & Conditions
Cocaine intoxication
Cocaine is an illegal stimulant drug that affects your central nervous system. Cocaine comes from the coca plant. When used, cocaine causes the brain to release higher than normal amounts of some chemicals...
Diseases & Conditions
Cocaine withdrawal
Cocaine withdrawal occurs when someone who has used a lot of cocaine cuts down or quits taking the drug. Symptoms of withdrawal can occur even if the user is not completely off cocaine and still has some...
Tests
Coccidioides complement fixation
Coccidioides complement fixation is a blood test that looks for substances (proteins) called antibodies, which are produced by the body in reaction to the fungus Coccidioides immitis. This fungus causes...
Tests
Coccidioides precipitin test
Coccidioides precipitin is a blood test that looks for infections due to a fungus called Coccidioides spp. , which causes the disease coccidioidomycosis or valley fever. coccidioidomycosis
Discharge Instructions
Cognitive behavioral therapy for back pain
Nonspecific back pain - cognitive behavioral; Backache - chronic - cognitive behavioral; Lumbar pain - chronic - cognitive behavioral; Pain - back - chronic - cognitive behavioral; Chronic back pain - low...
Self-Care Instructions
Cold medicines and children
OTC children; Acetaminophen - children; Cold and cough - children; Decongestants - children; Expectorants - children; Antitussive - children; Cough suppressant - children
Special Topics
Colds and flu – antibiotics
Antibiotics DO NOT cure colds and flus.
In-depth Report
Colds and the flu - InDepth
An in-depth report on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of colds and flu.
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult
What to ask your doctor about colds and the flu - adult; Influenza - what to ask your doctor - adult; Upper respiratory infection - what to ask your doctor - adult; URI - what to ask your doctor - adult...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child
What to ask your doctor about colds and the flu - child; Influenza - what to ask your doctor - child; Upper respiratory infection - what to ask your doctor - child; URI - what to ask your doctor - child...
Self-Care Instructions
Colic and crying - self-care
Infantile colic - self-care; Fussy baby - colic - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Colitis
Colitis is swelling (inflammation) of the large intestine (colon).
Self-Care Instructions
Collateral ligament (CL) injury - aftercare
Medial collateral ligament injury - aftercare; MCL injury - aftercare; Lateral collateral ligament injury - aftercare; LCL injury - aftercare; Knee injury - collateral ligament
Special Topics
College students and the flu
Every year, the flu spreads across college campuses nationwide. Close living quarters, shared restrooms, and a lot of social activities make a college student more likely to catch the flu. This article...
Tests
Cologuard
Cologuard is a screening test for colon and rectal cancer. colon and rectal cancer The colon sheds cells from its lining every day. These cells pass with the stool through the colon. Colon cancer cells...
Special Topics
Colon cancer screening
Colon cancer screening can detect polyps and early cancers in the large intestine. This type of screening can find problems that can be treated before cancer develops or spreads. Regular screenings may...
Tests
Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is an exam that views the inside of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, using a tool called a colonoscope. The colonoscope has a small camera attached to a flexible tube that can reach...
Diseases & Conditions
Colorado tick fever
Colorado tick fever (CTF) is a viral infection. It is spread by the bite of the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni). Dermacentor andersoni
Diseases & Conditions
Colorectal polyps
A colorectal polyp is a growth on the lining of the colon or rectum.
Symptoms
Comedones
Comedones are small, flesh-colored, white, or dark bumps that give skin a rough texture. The bumps are one type of acne. They are found at the opening of skin pores. A solid core can often be seen in the...
Diseases & Conditions
Common cold
The common cold most often causes a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. You may also have a sore throat, cough, headache, or other symptoms.
Self-Care Instructions
Common symptoms during pregnancy
Prenatal care - common symptoms
Special Topics
Communicating with patients
Self-Care Instructions
Communicating with someone with aphasia
Stroke - aphasia; Speech and language disorder - aphasia
Self-Care Instructions
Communicating with someone with dysarthria
Speech and language disorder - dysarthria care; Slurred speech - dysarthria; Articulation disorder - dysarthria
Diseases & Conditions
Community-acquired pneumonia in adults
Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. This article covers community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This type of pneumonia is found in people who have not recently been in...
Tests
Complement
Complement is a blood test that measures the activity of certain proteins in the liquid portion of your blood. The complement system is a group of nearly 60 proteins that are in blood plasma or on the surface...
Tests
Complement component 3 (C3)
Complement C3 is a blood test that measures the activity of a certain protein. This protein is part of the complement system. The complement system is a group of nearly 60 proteins that are in blood plasma...
Tests
Complement component 4
Complement component 4 is a blood test that measures the activity of a certain protein. This protein is part of the complement system. The complement system is a group of nearly 60 proteins that are found...
Tests
Complement fixation test for C burnetii
The complement fixation test for Coxiella burnetii (C burnetii) is a blood test that checks for infection due to bacteria called C burnetii, which causes Q fever. Coxiella burnetii C burnetii C burnetii...
Diseases & Conditions
Complex regional pain syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a long-term (chronic) pain condition that can affect any area of the body, but often affects an arm or a leg. chronic
Tests
Comprehensive metabolic panel
A comprehensive metabolic panel is a group of blood tests. They provide an overall picture of your body's chemical balance and metabolism. Metabolism refers to all the physical and chemical processes in...
Diseases & Conditions
Compression fractures of the back
Compression fractures of the back are broken vertebrae. Vertebrae are the bones of the spine.
Self-Care Instructions
Compression stockings
Compression hose; Pressure stockings; Support stockings; Gradient stockings; Varicose veins - compression stockings; Venous insufficiency - compression stockings
Special Topics
Concomitant
Concomitant means occurring during the same time period. It usually refers to secondary symptoms that occur with a main symptom.
Discharge Instructions
Concussion in adults - discharge
Brain injury - concussion - discharge; Traumatic brain injury - concussion - discharge; Closed head injury - concussion - discharge
Discharge Instructions
Concussion in children - discharge
Mild brain injury in children - discharge; Brain injury in children - discharge; Mild traumatic brain injury in children - discharge; Closed head injury in children - discharge; TBI in children - discharge
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Concussion in children - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about concussion - child; Mild brain injury - what to ask your doctor - child
Special Topics
Condoms - male
A condom is a thin cover worn on the penis during intercourse. Using a condom will help prevent: Female partners from becoming pregnant. Getting an infection spread through sexual contact, or from giving...
Diseases & Conditions
Conduct disorder
Conduct disorder is a set of ongoing emotional and behavioral problems that occurs in children and teens. Problems may involve defiant or impulsive behavior, drug use, or criminal activity.
Diseases & Conditions
Congenital antithrombin III deficiency
Congenital antithrombin III (three) deficiency is a genetic disorder that causes the blood to clot more than normal. genetic
Diseases & Conditions
Conjunctivitis or pink eye
The conjunctiva is a clear layer of tissue lining the eyelids and covering the white of the eye. Conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes swollen or inflamed. conjunctiva This swelling can be...
Self-Care Instructions
Constipation - self-care
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Constipation - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about constipation
Symptoms
Constipation in infants and children
Constipation in infants and children means they have hard stools or have problems passing stools. A child may have pain while passing stools or may be unable to have a bowel movement after straining or...
Special Topics
Consumer rights and protections
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) took effect on September 23, 2010. It includes certain rights and protections for consumers. These rights and protections help make health care coverage more fair and easy...
Diseases & Conditions
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is a condition in which the skin becomes red, sore, or inflamed after direct contact with a substance.
Special Topics
Contraindication
A contraindication is a specific situation in which a medicine, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. There are two types of contraindications: Relative contraindication...
Self-Care Instructions
Controlling your high blood pressure
Controlling hypertension
Nutrition
Cooking utensils and nutrition
Cooking utensils can have an effect on your nutrition.
Self-Care Instructions
Cooking without salt
DASH diet; High blood pressure - DASH; Hypertension - DASH; Low-salt diet - DASH
Tests
Coombs test
The Coombs test looks for antibodies that may stick to your red blood cells and cause red blood cells to die too early. antibodies
Nutrition
Copper in diet
Copper is an essential trace element present in all body tissues. A small amount is needed for the body to function, but the body cannot make its own copper. You must get it from food.
Diseases & Conditions
Corneal injury
Corneal injury is a wound to the part of the eye known as the cornea. The cornea is the crystal clear (transparent) tissue that covers the front of the eye. It works with the lens of the eye to focus images...
Diseases & Conditions
Corneal ulcers and infections
The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of the eye. A corneal ulcer is an open sore in the outer layer of the cornea. It is often caused by infection. At first, a corneal ulcer may seem like conjunctivitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Corns and calluses
Corns and calluses are thick layers of skin. They are caused by repeated pressure or friction at the spot where the corn or callus develops.
In-depth Report
Coronary artery disease - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Diseases & Conditions
Coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses. Infection with these viruses generally causes mild to moderate respiratory illnesses, such as the common cold. Some coronaviruses cause severe illness that can lead...
Diseases & Conditions
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that causes fever, coughing, and shortness of breath, but many other symptoms can occur. COVID-19 is caused by a highly infectious virus. Most...
Diseases & Conditions
Costochondritis
All but your lowest 2 ribs are connected to your breastbone by cartilage. This cartilage can become inflamed and cause pain. This condition is called costochondritis. It is a common cause of chest pain...
Symptoms
Cough
Coughing is an important way to keep your throat and airways clear. But too much coughing may mean you have a disease or disorder. Some coughs are dry. Others are productive. A productive cough is one...
Special Topics
Could you have low testosterone?
Male menopause; Andropause; Testosterone deficiency; Low-T; Androgen deficiency of the aging male; Late-onset hypogonadism
Self-Care Instructions
Counting carbohydrates
Carb counting; Carbohydrate-controlled diet; Diabetic diet; Diabetes-counting carbohydrate
Nutrition
Cow's milk - infants
If your child is under 1 year old, you should not feed your baby cow's milk, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Cow's milk does not provide enough: Vitamin EIronEssential fatty acids...
Special Topics
Cow's milk and children
If your child is under 1 year old, you should not feed your baby cow's milk, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). This is because cow's milk doesn't provide enough of certain nutrients...
Diseases & Conditions
Cradle cap
Cradle cap is seborrheic dermatitis that affects the scalp of infants. seborrheic dermatitis
Tests
Creatine phosphokinase test
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme in the body. It is found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. This article discusses the test to measure the amount of CPK in the blood. enzyme
Special Topics
Creating a family health history
Family health history; Create a family health history; Family medical history
Tests
Creatinine blood test
The creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine in the urine can be measured with a urine test.
Tests
Creatinine clearance test
The creatinine clearance test helps provide information about how well the kidneys are working. The test compares the creatinine level in urine with the creatinine level in blood.
Tests
Creatinine urine test
The creatinine urine test measures the amount of creatinine in urine. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine in the blood can be measured by a blood test.
Self-Care Instructions
Cribs and crib safety
Diseases & Conditions
Crohn disease
Crohn disease is a disease where parts of the digestive tract become inflamed. It most often involves the lower end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine.It may also occur in any...
In-depth Report
Crohn disease - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Crohn disease.
Diseases & Conditions
Croup
Croup is an infection of the upper airways that causes breathing difficulty and a barking cough. Croup is due to swelling around the vocal cords. It is common in infants and children. breathing difficulty
Special Topics
Crying in childhood
Special Topics
Crying in infancy
Infants have a cry reflex that is a normal response to stimuli, such as pain or hunger. Premature infants may not have a cry reflex. Therefore, they must be monitored closely for signs of hunger and pain...
Tests
Cryoglobulins
Cryoglobulins are antibodies that become solid or gel-like at low temperatures in the laboratory. This article describes the blood test used to check for them. In the laboratory, cryoglobulins come out...
Surgery
Cryotherapy for the skin
Cryotherapy is a method of superfreezing tissue in order to destroy it. This article discusses cryotherapy of the skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Cryptosporidium enteritis
Cryptosporidium enteritis is an infection of the small intestine that causes diarrhea. The parasite cryptosporidium causes this infection. diarrhea
Tests
Culdocentesis
Culdocentesis is a procedure that checks for abnormal fluid in the space just behind the vagina. This area is called the cul-de-sac. vagina
Diseases & Conditions
Cutaneous skin tag
A cutaneous skin tag is a common skin growth. Most of the time, it is harmless.
Injury
Cuts and puncture wounds
A cut is a break or opening in the skin. It is also called a laceration. A cut may be deep, smooth, or jagged. It may be near the surface of the skin, or deeper. A deep cut can affect tendons, muscles,...
Diseases & Conditions
Cyclothymic disorder
Cyclothymic disorder is a mental disorder. It is a mild form of bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness), in which a person has mood swings over a period of years that go from mild depression to emotional...
Symptoms
Cyst
A cyst is a closed pocket or pouch of tissue. It can be filled with air, fluid, pus, or other material.
Diseases & Conditions
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body. It is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children and young...
Diseases & Conditions
Cysticercosis
Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in different areas of the body. Taenia solium T solium cysts
Diseases & Conditions
Cystitis - acute
Acute cystitis is an infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract. Acute means that the infection begins suddenly.
Diseases & Conditions
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a disease caused by a type of herpes virus.
Special Topics
DASH diet to lower high blood pressure
Special Topics
DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) DTaP vaccine information statement (VIS) -- www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/dtap. html. www.cdc.gov...
Self-Care Instructions
Daily bowel care program
Incontinence - care; Dysfunctional bowel - care; Neurogenic bowel - care
Special Topics
Dance your way to fitness
Exercise - dance; Wellness - dance
Special Topics
Day care health risks
Self-Care Instructions
Day to day with COPD
COPD - day to day; Chronic obstructive airways disease - day to day; Chronic obstructive lung disease - day to day; Chronic bronchitis - day to day; Emphysema - day to day; Bronchitis - chronic - day to...
Self-Care Instructions
De Quervain tendinitis
Tendinopathy - De Quervain tendinitis; de Quervain tenosynovitis
Special Topics
Death among children and adolescents
Special Topics
Deciding about an IUD
Contraception - IUD; Birth control - IUD; Intrauterine - deciding; Mirena - deciding; ParaGard - deciding
Special Topics
Deciding about hormone therapy
HRT - deciding; Estrogen replacement therapy - deciding; ERT- deciding; Hormone replacement therapy - deciding; Menopause - deciding; HT - deciding; Menopausal hormone therapy - deciding; MHT - deciding
Special Topics
Deciding about treatments that prolong life
Palliative care - treatments that prolong life; Palliative care - life support; End-of-life-treatments that prolong life; Ventilator - treatments that prolong life; Respirator - treatments that prolong...
Self-Care Instructions
Deciding to quit drinking alcohol
Alcohol use disorder - quitting drinking; Alcohol abuse - quitting drinking; Quitting drinking; Quitting alcohol; Alcoholism - deciding to quit
Diseases & Conditions
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein deep inside a part of the body. DVT mainly affects the large veins in the lower leg and thigh, but can occur in other...
Discharge Instructions
Deep vein thrombosis - discharge
DVT - discharge; Blood clot in the legs - discharge; Thromboembolism - discharge; Venous thromboembolism - deep vein thrombosis; Post-phlebitic syndrome - discharge; Post-thrombotic syndrome - discharge
Self-Care Instructions
Defining overweight and obesity in children
Symptoms
Delayed growth
Delayed growth is poor or abnormally slow height or weight gains in a child younger than age 5. This may just be normal, and the child may outgrow it.
Diseases & Conditions
Delayed puberty in boys
Delayed puberty in boys is when puberty does not begin by 14 years of age.
When puberty is delayed, these changes either don't occur or don't progress normally. Delayed puberty is more common in boys than...
Diseases & Conditions
Delayed puberty in girls
Delayed puberty in girls occurs when breasts don't develop by age 13 or menstrual periods do not begin by age 16. Puberty changes occur when the body starts making sex hormones. These changes normally begin...
Diseases & Conditions
Delirium
Delirium is sudden severe confusion due to rapid changes in brain function that can occur with physical or mental illness. confusion
Diseases & Conditions
Delirium tremens
Delirium tremens is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal. It involves sudden and severe mental or nervous system changes. alcohol withdrawal
Diseases & Conditions
Dementia
Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. It affects one or more brain functions such as memory, thinking, language, judgment, or behavior. Dementia may also be referred to...
Self-Care Instructions
Dementia - behavior and sleep problems
Sundowning - care
Self-Care Instructions
Dementia - daily care
Special Topics
Dementia - home care
Dementia is a loss of cognitive function that may be caused by certain diseases. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Dementia
Self-Care Instructions
Dementia - keeping safe in the home
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Dementia - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about dementia; Alzheimer disease - what to ask your doctor; Cognitive impairment - what to ask your doctor
Self-Care Instructions
Dementia and driving
Symptoms
Depression
Depression may be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in the dumps. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for short periods. Clinical depression is a mood disorder in which...
In-depth Report
Depression - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of depression.
Special Topics
Depression - resources
Self-Care Instructions
Depression - stopping your medicines
Diseases & Conditions
Depression in older adults
Depression is a mental health condition. It is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration are present nearly every day for at least 2 weeks. They often interfere with daily...
Diseases & Conditions
Dermal melanocytosis
Dermal melanocytosis is the name of a kind of birthmark that is flat and blue, or blue-gray in color. They appear at birth or in the first few weeks of life. Dermal melanocytosis was formerly called Mongolian...
Diseases & Conditions
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a very itchy rash consisting of bumps and blisters. The rash is chronic (long-term). blisters
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental differences of the female genital tract
Developmental differences of the female reproductive tract affect the reproductive organs of a female infant. They occur while the baby is growing in the mother's womb. Female reproductive organs include...
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a dislocation of the hip joint that is present at birth. The condition is found in babies or young children.
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental expressive language disorder
Developmental expressive language disorder is a condition in which a child has lower than normal ability in vocabulary, saying complex sentences, and remembering words. However, a child with this disorder...
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record
Developmental milestones are behaviors or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. Rolling over, crawling, walking, and talking are all considered milestones. The milestones...
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 12 months
The typical 12-month-old child will demonstrate certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 18 months
The typical 18-month-old child will demonstrate certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 2 months
This article describes the skills and growth targets of 2-month-old infants.
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 2 years
Physical and motor skill markers: Able to turn a door knob.Can look through a book turning one page at a time.Can build a tower of 6 to 7 cubes.Can kick a ball without losing balance.Can pick up objects...
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 3 years
This article describes the skills and growth markers that are relevant to 3-year-olds.
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 4 months
Typical 4-month-old infants are expected to develop certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 4 years
The typical 4-year-old child will demonstrate certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 5 years
This article describes the expected skills and growth markers of most 5-year-old children.
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 6 months
This article describes the skills and growth targets for 6-month-old infants.
Special Topics
Developmental milestones record - 9 months
Typical 9-month-old infants are expected to develop certain physical and mental skills. These skills are called developmental milestones.
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental reading disorder
Developmental reading disorder (DRD) is a reading disability that occurs when the brain does not properly recognize and process certain symbols. It is also called dyslexia.
Self-Care Instructions
Devices for hearing loss
Diseases & Conditions
Diabetes
Diabetes is a long-term (chronic) disease in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar in the blood.
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes - foot ulcers
Diabetic foot ulcer; Ulcer - foot
Special Topics
Diabetes - insulin therapy
Diabetes - insulin
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes - keeping active
Physical activity - diabetes; Exercise - diabetes
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes - preventing heart attack and stroke
Diabetes complications - heart; Coronary artery disease - diabetes; CAD - diabetes; Cerebrovascular disease - diabetes
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes - taking care of your feet
Diabetes - foot care - self-care; Diabetic foot ulcer - foot care; Diabetic neuropathy - foot care
In-depth Report
Diabetes - type 1 - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of type 1 diabetes.
In-depth Report
Diabetes - type 2 - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes - when you are sick
Sick-day management - diabetes; Diabetes - sick day management; Insulin resistance - sick day management; Ketoacidosis - sick day management; Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome - sick day management
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes and alcohol
Alcohol - diabetes; Diabetes - alcohol use
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes and exercise
Exercise - diabetes; Exercise - type 1 diabetes; Exercise - type 2 diabetes
Diseases & Conditions
Diabetes and nerve damage
Nerve damage that occurs in people with diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy. This condition is a complication of diabetes. diabetes
In-depth Report
Diabetes diet - InDepth
An in-depth report on how people with diabetes can use healthy nutrition to help manage their blood glucose.
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes eye exams
Diabetic retinopathy - eye exams; Diabetes - eye exams; Glaucoma - diabetic eye exam; Macular edema - diabetic eye exam
Special Topics
Diabetes myths and facts
Diabetes - common myths and facts; High blood sugar myths and facts
Self-Care Instructions
Diabetes tests and checkups
Routine diabetes tests; Diabetes - prevention
Nutrition
Diabetes type 2 - meal planning
When you have type 2 diabetes, taking time to plan your meals goes a long way toward controlling your blood sugar (glucose) and weight. type 2 diabetes
Diseases & Conditions
Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome
Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes. It involves an extremely high blood sugar (glucose) level without the presence of ketones. type 2 diabetes
Diseases & Conditions
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening problem that affects people with diabetes. It occurs when the body starts breaking down fat at a rate that is much too fast. The liver processes the fat...
Diseases & Conditions
Diaper rash
Diaper rash is a skin problem that develops in the area under an infant's diaper.
Symptoms
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is when you pass loose or watery stool.
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Diarrhea - what to ask your doctor - child
What to ask your doctor about diarrhea - child; Loose stools - what to ask your doctor - child
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Diarrhea - what to ask your health care provider - adult
What to ask your health care provider about diarrhea - adult; Loose stools - what to ask your health care provider - adult
Special Topics
Diarrhea in infants
Special Topics
Diarrhea in infants
Diarrhea - babies
Nutrition
Diet - liver disease
Some people with liver disease must eat a special diet. This diet helps the liver function and protects it from working too hard. liver disease
Self-Care Instructions
Diet after gastric banding
Gastric banding surgery - your diet; Obesity - diet after banding; Weight loss - diet after banding
Special Topics
Diet and cancer
Diet can have an impact on your risk of developing many types of cancer. You can reduce your overall risk by following a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. healthy...
Special Topics
Diet for rapid weight loss
Very low-calorie diet; VLCD; Low-calorie diet; LCD; Very low energy diet; Weight loss - rapid weight loss; Overweight - rapid weight loss; Obesity - rapid weight loss; Diet - rapid weight loss; Intermittent...
Special Topics
Diet myths and facts
Obesity - diet myths and facts; Overweight - diet myths and fact; Weight-loss diet myths and facts
Special Topics
Diet-boosting foods
Obesity - diet-boosting foods; Overweight - diet-boosting foods
Self-Care Instructions
Diet-busting foods
Obesity - diet-busting foods; Overweight - diet-busting foods; Weight loss - diet busting foods
Special Topics
Dietary fat and children
Self-Care Instructions
Dietary fats explained
Cholesterol - dietary fats; Hyperlipidemia - dietary fats; CAD - dietary fats; Coronary artery disease - dietary fats; Heart disease - dietary fats; Prevention - dietary fats; Cardiovascular disease - dietary...
Diseases & Conditions
Dificultad con la deglución
Es la sensación de que el alimento sólido o líquido se atora en la garganta o en cualquier punto antes de que este ingrese al estómago. Este problema también se denomina disfagia.
Special Topics
Digestive diseases
Digestive diseases are disorders of the digestive tract, which is sometimes called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In digestion, food and drink are broken down into small parts (called nutrients) that...
Tests
Digital anorectal exam - DARE
A digital anorectal examination (DARE) is an examination of the anus and rectum. Your health care provider uses a gloved, lubricated finger to check for any abnormal findings in the anorectal area to help...
Tests
Digital rectal exam
A digital rectal exam is an exam of the lower rectum. Your health care provider uses a gloved, lubricated finger to check for any abnormal findings.
Tests
Digoxin test
A digoxin test checks how much digoxin you have in your blood. Digoxin is a type of medicine called a cardiac glycoside. It is used to treat certain heart problems, although much less often than in the...
Special Topics
Discipline in children
All children misbehave sometimes. As a parent, you have to decide how you will respond. Your child needs rules to understand how to behave. Discipline involves both punishment and rewards. When you discipline...
Self-Care Instructions
Dislocated shoulder - aftercare
Shoulder dislocation - aftercare; Shoulder subluxation - aftercare; Shoulder reduction - aftercare; Glenohumeral joint dislocation
Injury
Dislocation
A dislocation is a disruption of the normal position of the ends of two or more bones where they meet at a joint. A joint is the place where two bones connect, which allows movement. A dislocated joint...
Special Topics
Distal
Distal refers to sites located away from a specific area, most often the center of the body. In medicine, it refers to parts of the body further away from the center. For example, the hand is distal to...
Special Topics
Distracted driving
Safety - distracted driving
Diseases & Conditions
Diverticulitis
Diverticula are small, bulging sacs or pouches that form on the inner wall of the intestine. Diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected. Most often, these pouches are in the lower...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Diverticulitis - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about diverticulitis; Diverticulitis - questions
Diseases & Conditions
Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis occurs when small, bulging sacs or pouches form on the inner wall of the intestine. These sacs are called diverticula. Most often, these pouches form in the large intestine (colon). They...
Symptoms
Dizziness
Dizziness is a term that is often used to describe 2 different symptoms: lightheadedness and vertigo. Lightheadedness is a feeling that you might faint. Vertigo is a feeling that you are spinning or moving...
Self-Care Instructions
Dizziness and vertigo - aftercare
Meniere disease - aftercare; Benign positional vertigo - aftercare
Special Topics
Do you have a drinking problem?
Alcohol use disorder - drinking problem; Alcohol abuse - drinking problem; Alcoholism - drinking problem; Alcohol dependence - drinking problem; Alcohol addiction - drinking problem
Special Topics
Do-not-resuscitate order
No code; End-of-life; Do not resuscitate; Do not resuscitate order; DNR; DNR order; Advance care directive - DNR; Health care agent - DNR; Health care proxy - DNR; End-of-life - DNR; Living will - DNR
Special Topics
Doctor of medicine profession (MD)
MDs may be found within a wide range of medical practice settings, including private practices, group practices, hospitals, health maintenance organizations, teaching facilities, and public health organizations...
Special Topics
Domestic violence
Intimate partner violence; Spousal abuse; Elder abuse; Child abuse; Sexual abuse - domestic violence
Tests
Donath-Landsteiner test
The Donath-Landsteiner test is a blood test to detect harmful antibodies related to a rare disorder called paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. These antibodies form and destroy red blood cells when the body...
Diseases & Conditions
Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)
Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is rarely seen in the United States.
Diseases & Conditions
Down syndrome
Down syndrome is a genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. chromosomes
Self-Care Instructions
Drawing medicine out of a vial
Administering injections; Giving a needle; Giving insulin
Self-Care Instructions
Driving and older adults
Driving - seniors; Driving - older adults; Driving and seniors; Older drivers; Senior drivers
Symptoms
Drooling
Drooling is saliva flowing outside the mouth.
Symptoms
Drowsiness
Drowsiness refers to feeling more sleepy than normal during the day. People who are drowsy may fall asleep when they do not want to or at times which can lead to safety concerns.
Diseases & Conditions
Drug-induced diarrhea
Drug-induced diarrhea is loose, watery stools that occur when you take certain medicines. diarrhea
Diseases & Conditions
Dry eye syndrome
You need tears to moisten your eyes and to wash away particles that have gotten into your eyes. A healthy tear film on the eye is necessary for good vision. Dry eyes develop when the eye is unable to maintain...
Symptoms
Dry hair
Dry hair is hair that does not have enough moisture and oil to maintain its normal sheen and texture.
Symptoms
Dry mouth
Dry mouth occurs when you don't make enough saliva. This causes your mouth to feel dry and uncomfortable. Dry mouth that is ongoing may be a sign of illness, and can lead to problems with your mouth and...
Self-Care Instructions
Dry mouth during cancer treatment
Chemotherapy - dry mouth; Radiation therapy - dry mouth; Transplant - dry mouth; Transplantation - dry mouth
Diseases & Conditions
Dry skin
Dry skin occurs when your skin loses too much water and oil. Dry skin is common and can affect anyone at any age. The medical term for dry skin is xerosis.
Self-Care Instructions
Dry skin - self-care
Skin - dry; Winter itch; Xerosis; Xerosis cutis
Diseases & Conditions
Dupuytren contracture
Dupuytren contracture is a painless thickening and tightening (contracture) of tissue beneath the skin on the palm and fingers.
Diseases & Conditions
Dysarthria
Dysarthria is a condition in which you have difficulty saying words because of problems with the muscles that help you talk.
Diseases & Conditions
E coli enteritis
E coli enteritis is swelling (inflammation) of the small intestine from Escherichia coli (E coli) bacteria. It is the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea. E coli Escherichia coli E coli
Special Topics
E-cigarettes and E-hookahs
Electronic cigarettes; Electronic hookahs; Vaping; Vape pens; Mods; Pod-Mods; Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Smoking - electronic cigarettes
Diseases & Conditions
ECHO virus
Enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) viruses are a group of viruses that can lead to infections in different parts of the body, and skin rashes.
Tests
EEG
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test to measure the electrical activity of the brain.
Tests
ELISA blood test
ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immunoassay. It is a commonly used laboratory test to detect antibodies in the blood. An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects foreign...
Tests
ESR
ESR stands for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is commonly called a "sed rate." It is a test that indirectly measures the level of certain proteins in the blood. This measurement correlates with the...
Special Topics
Ear - blocked at high altitudes
The air pressure outside of your body changes as altitude changes. This creates a difference in pressure on the two sides of the eardrum. You may feel pressure and blockage in the ears as a result. pressure...
Symptoms
Ear discharge
Ear discharge is drainage of blood, ear wax, pus, or fluid from the ear. ear wax
Diseases & Conditions
Ear infection - acute
Suspected ear infections are one of the most common reasons parents take their children to their health care provider. The most common type of ear infection is called otitis media. It is caused by swelling...
Diseases & Conditions
Ear infection - chronic
Chronic ear infection is fluid, swelling, or an infection behind the eardrum that does not go away or keeps coming back. It may cause long-term or permanent damage to the ear and involves a hole in the...
In-depth Report
Ear infections - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ear infections.
Symptoms
Ear tag
An ear tag is a small skin tag or pit in front of the outside part of the ear.
Diseases & Conditions
Ear wax
The ear canal is lined with hair follicles. The ear canal also has glands that produce a waxy oil called cerumen. The wax will most often make its way to the opening of the ear. There it will fall out or...
Symptoms
Earache
An earache is a sharp, dull, or burning pain in one or both ears. The pain may last a short time or be ongoing. Related conditions include: Otitis mediaSwimmer's earMalignant otitis externa Otitis media...
Symptoms
Earlobe creases
Earlobe creases are lines in the surface of the earlobe of a child or young adult. The surface is otherwise smooth.
In-depth Report
Eating disorders - InDepth
An in-depth report on the treatment and prevention of eating disorders.
Special Topics
Eating disorders - resources
Self-Care Instructions
Eating habits and behaviors
Self-Care Instructions
Eating out
Weight-loss - eating out; Healthy diet - eating out; Obesity - eating out
Self-Care Instructions
Eating right during pregnancy
Prenatal care - eating right
Diseases & Conditions
Ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs outside the womb (uterus).
Diseases & Conditions
Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial infection transmitted by the bite of a tick.
Special Topics
Eight ways to cut your health care costs
Symptoms
Elbow pain
This article describes pain or other discomfort in the elbow that is not related to direct injury.
Self-Care Instructions
Elbow sprain - aftercare
Elbow injury - aftercare; Sprained elbow - aftercare; Elbow pain - sprain
Tests
Electrocardiogram
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.
Special Topics
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge. Electrolytes affect how your body functions in many ways, including: The amount of water in your bodyThe acidity...
Tests
Electrolytes - urine
The electrolytes - urine test measures specific chemicals called electrolytes in urine. It most often measures the levels of calcium, chloride, potassium, or sodium. electrolytes Related topics include...
Special Topics
Elimination patterns
Elimination patterns describe the regulation, control, and removal of by-products and wastes in the body. The term usually refers to the movement of feces or urine from the body.
Special Topics
Emergency contraception
Emergency contraception is a birth control method to prevent pregnancy in women. It can be used: birth control method After a sexual assault or rapeWhen a condom breaks or a diaphragm slips out of placeWhen...
Tests
Endocervical Gram stain
Endocervical Gram stain is a method to detect bacteria on tissue from the cervix. This is done using a special series of stains.
Tests
Endocervical culture
Endocervical culture is a laboratory test that helps identify infection in the female genital tract.
Tests
Endometrial biopsy
Endometrial biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) for examination. biopsy
Diseases & Conditions
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when cells from the lining of your womb (uterus) grow in other areas of your body. This can cause pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, vaginal bleeding between periods, and problems getting...
In-depth Report
Endometriosis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of endometriosis.
Diseases & Conditions
Endometritis
Endometritis is an inflammation or irritation of the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It is not the same as endometriosis. endometriosis
Special Topics
Endoscope
An endoscope is a medical device with a light attached. It is used to look inside a body cavity or organ. The scope is inserted through a natural opening, such as the mouth during a bronchoscopy, or the...
Tests
Endoscopy
Endoscopy is a way of looking inside the body using a flexible tube that has a small camera and light on the end of it. This instrument is called an endoscope. endoscope Small instruments can be inserted...
Diseases & Conditions
Enlarged prostate
The prostate is a gland that produces some of the fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine passes out of the body. An enlarged...
Self-Care Instructions
Enlarged prostate - after care
BPH - self-care; Benign prostatic hypertrophy - self-care; Benign prostatic hyperplasia - self-care
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Enlarged prostate - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about enlarged prostate; Benign prostatic hypertrophy - what to ask your doctor; BPH - what to ask your doctor
Diseases & Conditions
Enteritis
Enteritis is inflammation of the small intestine.
Special Topics
Enzyme
Enzymes are complex proteins that cause a specific chemical change. For example, they can help break down the foods we eat so the body can use them. Blood clotting is another example of enzymes at work...
Special Topics
Enzyme markers
Enzyme markers are tests for specific enzyme activity in the body. Diseases or variants passed down through families (inherited) can affect how enzymes work. Some enzymes are affected by several genes....
Diseases & Conditions
Epididymitis
Epididymitis is swelling (inflammation) of the tube that connects the testicle with the vas deferens. The tube is called the epididymis.
Diseases & Conditions
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis. This is the tissue-lined cartilage that covers the trachea (windpipe) while swallowing. Epiglottitis can be a life-threatening disease.
Diseases & Conditions
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures over time. Seizures are episodes of uncontrolled and abnormal electrical activity of brain cells that may cause changes in attention...
In-depth Report
Epilepsy - InDepth
An in-depth report on the types, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy.
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Epilepsy in adults - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about epilepsy - adult; Seizures - what to ask your doctor - adult; Seizure - what to ask your doctor
Diseases & Conditions
Epstein pearls
Epstein pearls are whitish-yellow cysts. These form on the gums and roof of the mouth in a newborn baby. newborn baby Milia are a similar type of skin problem in babies. Milia
In-depth Report
Erectile dysfunction - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of erectile dysfunction.
Diseases & Conditions
Erection problems
An erection problem occurs when a man cannot get or keep an erection that is firm enough for intercourse. You may not be able to get an erection at all. Or, you may lose the erection during intercourse...
Self-Care Instructions
Erection problems - aftercare
Erectile dysfunction - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Erysipelas
Erysipelas is a type of skin infection. It affects the outermost layer of the skin and the local lymph nodes.
Tests
Erythropoietin test
The erythropoietin test measures the amount of a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO) in blood. The hormone tells stem cells in the bone marrow to make more red blood cells. EPO is made by cells in the kidney...
Diseases & Conditions
Essential tremor
Essential tremor (ET) is a type of involuntary shaking movement. It has no identified cause. Involuntary means you shake without trying to do so and are not able to stop the shaking at will.
Special Topics
Estimated average glucose (eAG)
eAG
Tests
Estradiol blood test
An estradiol test measures the amount of a hormone called estradiol in the blood. Estradiol is one of the main types of estrogens.
Special Topics
Etiology
Etiology describes the cause or causes of a disease.
Diseases & Conditions
Eustachian tube patency
Eustachian tube patency refers to how much the eustachian tube is open. The eustachian tube runs between the middle ear and the throat. It controls the pressure behind the eardrum in the middle ear space...
Symptoms
Excessive crying in infants
Crying is an important way for infants to communicate. But, when a baby cries a lot, it may be a sign of something that needs treatment.
Diseases & Conditions
Excessive or unwanted hair in women
Most of the time, women have fine hair above their lips and on their chin, chest, abdomen, or back. The growth of coarse dark hair in these areas (more typical of male-pattern hair growth) is called hirsutism...
In-depth Report
Exercise - InDepth
An in-depth report about the benefits and types of exercise.
Self-Care Instructions
Exercise and activity - children
Self-Care Instructions
Exercise and activity for weight loss
Weight loss - activity; Weight loss - exercise; Obesity - activity
Special Topics
Exercise and age
It is never too late to start exercising. Exercise has benefits at any age. Staying active will allow you to continue being independent and the lifestyle you enjoy. The right kinds of regular exercise can...
Special Topics
Exercise and immunity
Battling another cough or cold? Feeling tired all the time? You may feel better if you take a daily walk or follow a simple exercise routine a few times a week.
Special Topics
Exercise clothing and shoes
Fitness - exercise clothing
Self-Care Instructions
Exercise, lifestyle, and your bones
Osteoporosis - exercise; Low bone density - exercise; Osteopenia - exercise
Self-Care Instructions
Exercise-induced asthma
Wheezing - exercise-induced; Reactive airway disease - exercise; Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Self-Care Instructions
Exercises to help prevent falls
Self-Care Instructions
Exercising and asthma at school
Asthma - exercise school; Exercise - induced asthma - school
Special Topics
Exercising on a budget
Exercise - budget; Weight loss - Exercise; Obesity - exercise
Tests
Extremity x-ray
An extremity x-ray is an image of the hands, wrist, feet, ankle, leg, thigh, forearm humerus or upper arm, hip, shoulder or all of these areas. The term "extremity" often refers to a human limb. x-ray X...
Special Topics
Exudate
Exudate is fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues. The fluid is made of cells, proteins, and solid materials. Exudate may ooze from cuts or from areas of infection or inflammation. It...
Special Topics
Eye - foreign object in
Symptoms
Eye burning - itching and discharge
Eye burning with discharge is burning, itching, or drainage from the eye of any substance other than tears.
Special Topics
Eye floaters
Symptoms
Eye pain
Pain in the eye may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also feel like you have a foreign object in your eye. This article discusses eye pain...
Diseases & Conditions
Eyelid bump
Most bumps on the eyelid are styes. A stye is an inflamed oil gland on the edge of your eyelid, where the eyelash meets the lid. It appears as a red, swollen bump that looks like a pimple. It is often tender...
Diseases & Conditions
Eyelid twitch
An eyelid twitch is a general term for spasms of the eyelid muscles. These spasms happen without your control. The eyelid may repeatedly close (or nearly close) and reopen. This article discusses eyelid...
Symptoms
Eyes - bulging
Bulging eyes is the abnormal protrusion (bulging out) of one or both eyeballs.
Tests
FTA-ABS blood test
The FTA-ABS test is used to detect antibodies to the bacteria Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis. Treponema pallidum, syphilis
Symptoms
Face pain
Face pain may be dull and throbbing or an intense, stabbing discomfort in the face or forehead. It can occur in one or both sides.
Symptoms
Facial swelling
Facial swelling is the buildup of fluid in the tissues of the face. Swelling may also affect the neck and upper arms.
Tests
Factor II (prothrombin) assay
The factor II assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor II. Factor II is also known as prothrombin. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.
Tests
Factor V assay
The factor V assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor V. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.
Diseases & Conditions
Factor V deficiency
Factor V deficiency is a bleeding disorder that is passed down through families. It affects the ability of the blood to clot. bleeding disorder
Tests
Factor VII assay
The factor VII assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor VII. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.
Diseases & Conditions
Factor VII deficiency
Factor VII (seven) deficiency is a disorder caused by a lack of a protein called factor VII in the blood. It leads to problems with blood clotting (coagulation).
Diseases & Conditions
Factor XII (Hageman factor) deficiency
Factor XII (twelve) deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects a protein (factor XII) involved in blood clotting.
Tests
Factor XII assay
The factor XII assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor XII. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.
Special Topics
Facts about monounsaturated fats
Monounsaturated fatty acid; MUFA; Oleic acid; Cholesterol - monounsaturated fat; Atherosclerosis - monounsaturated fat; Hardening of the arteries - monounsaturated fat; Hyperlipidemia - monounsaturated...
Special Topics
Facts about polyunsaturated fats
Polyunsaturated fatty acid; PUFA; Cholesterol - polyunsaturated fat; Atherosclerosis - polyunsaturated fat; Hardening of the arteries - polyunsaturated fat; Hyperlipidemia - polyunsaturated fat; Hypercholesterolemia...
Special Topics
Facts about saturated fats
Cholesterol - saturated fat; Atherosclerosis - saturated fat; Hardening of the arteries - saturated fat; Hyperlipidemia - saturated fat; Hypercholesterolemia - saturated fat; Coronary artery disease - saturated...
Special Topics
Facts about trans fats
Trans fatty acids; Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs); Cholesterol - trans fats; Hyperlipidemia - trans fats; Atherosclerosis - trans fat; Hardening of the arteries - trans fat; Hypercholesterolemia - trans...
Diseases & Conditions
Failure to thrive
Failure to thrive refers to children whose current weight or rate of weight gain is much lower than that of other children of similar age and sex.
Symptoms
Fainting
Fainting is a brief loss of consciousness due to a drop in blood flow to the brain. The episode most often lasts less than a couple of minutes and you usually recover from it quickly. The medical name for...
Diseases & Conditions
Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency is a group of rare genetic disorders in which a person lacks a protein needed to break down fat molecules. The disorder causes a large amount of fat to build up in...
Special Topics
Family troubles - resources
Diseases & Conditions
Farsightedness
Farsightedness is having a harder time seeing objects that are close than things that are far away. The term is often used to describe the need for reading glasses as you get older. However, the correct...
Self-Care Instructions
Fast food tips
Obesity - fast food; Weight loss - fast food; High blood pressure - fast food; Hypertension - fast food; Cholesterol - fast food; Hyperlipidemia - fast food
Symptoms
Fatigue
Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy.
Tests
Febrile (warm) and cold agglutinins
Agglutinins are antibodies that cause the red blood cells to clump together. antibodies Cold agglutinins are active at cold temperatures. Febrile (warm) agglutinins are active at normal body temperatures...
Diseases & Conditions
Febrile seizures
A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a child triggered by a fever. convulsion fever
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Febrile seizures - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about febrile seizures
Tests
Fecal culture
A fecal culture is a lab test to find organisms in the stool (feces) that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and disease.
Special Topics
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
Immunochemical fecal occult blood test; iFOBT; Colon cancer screening - FIT
Diseases & Conditions
Fecal impaction
A fecal impaction is a large lump of dry, hard stool that stays stuck in the rectum. It is most often seen in people who are constipated for a long time.
Surgery
Fecal microbiota transplant
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) helps to replace some of the "bad" bacteria of your colon with "good" bacteria. The procedure helps to restore the good bacteria that have been killed off or limited...
Tests
Fecal smear
Fecal smear is a laboratory test of a stool sample. This test is done to check for bacteria and parasites. Presence of organisms in stool shows diseases in the digestive tract.
Self-Care Instructions
Feeding patterns and diet - babies and infants
Babies and infants - feeding; Diet - age appropriate - babies and infants; Breastfeeding - babies and infants; Formula feeding - babies and infants
Self-Care Instructions
Feeding patterns and diet - children 6 months to 2 years
Feeding children 6 months to 2 years; Diet - age appropriate - children 6 months to 2 years; Babies - feeding solid food
Special Topics
Female condoms
The female condom is a device used for birth control. Like a male condom, it creates a barrier to prevent the sperm from getting to the egg. birth control
Diseases & Conditions
Female pattern baldness
Female pattern baldness is the most common type of hair loss in women. hair loss
Diseases & Conditions
Femoral hernia
A hernia occurs when the contents of the abdomen push through a weak point or tear in the muscle wall of the belly. This layer of muscle holds the abdominal organs in place. hernia A femoral hernia is a...
Tests
Ferritin blood test
The ferritin blood test measures the level of ferritin in the blood. Ferritin is a protein inside your cells that stores iron. It allows your body to use the iron when it needs it. A ferritin test indirectly...
Diseases & Conditions
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are groupings of growth, mental, and physical problems that may occur in a baby when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the...
Symptoms
Fever
Fever is the temporary increase in the body's temperature in response to a disease or illness. A child has a fever when the temperature is at or above one of these levels: 100.4°F (38°C) measured in the...
Nutrition
Fiber
Fiber is a substance found in plants. Dietary fiber, which is the type of fiber you can eat, is found in fruits, vegetables, and grains. It is an important part of a healthy diet.
Special Topics
Fibrates
Antilipemic agent; Fenofibrate (Antara, Fenoglide, Lipofen, Tricor, and Triglide); Gemfibrozil (Lopid); Fenofibric acid (Trilipix); Hyperlipidemia - fibrates; Hardening of the arteries - fibrates; Cholesterol...
Diseases & Conditions
Fibroadenoma of the breast
Fibroadenoma of the breast is a benign tumor. Benign tumor means it is not a cancer.
Diseases & Conditions
Fibrocystic breasts
Fibrocystic breasts are painful, lumpy breasts. Formerly called fibrocystic breast disease, this common condition is, in fact, not a disease. Many women experience these normal breast changes, usually around...
Diseases & Conditions
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a condition in which a person has long-term pain that is spread throughout their body. The pain is most often accompanied by fatigue, sleep problems, difficulty concentrating, headaches...
In-depth Report
Fibromyalgia - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of fibromyalgia.
Diseases & Conditions
Fifth disease
Fifth disease is caused by a virus that leads to a rash on the cheeks, arms, and legs.
Special Topics
Fine motor control
Symptoms
Finger pain
Finger pain is pain in one or more fingers. Injuries and many medical conditions can cause finger pain.
Self-Care Instructions
Fire safety at home
Diseases & Conditions
Fish tapeworm infection
Fish tapeworm infection is an intestinal infection with a parasite found in fish.
Injury
Fishhook removal
This article discusses how to remove a fishhook that is stuck in the skin.
Symptoms
Flank pain
Flank pain is pain in one side of the body between the upper belly area (abdomen) and the back.
Diseases & Conditions
Flat feet
Flat feet (pes planus) refer to a difference in foot shape in which the foot does not have a normal arch when standing.
Diseases & Conditions
Fleas
Fleas are small insects that feed on the blood of humans, dogs, cats, and other warm-blooded animals.
Diseases & Conditions
Flu
The flu (influenza) is a viral respiratory illness that causes fever, chills, runny nose, body aches, and cough. It spreads easily from person to person. The flu can cause moderate to severe symptoms. Most...
Tests
Fluorescein eye stain
This is a test that uses orange dye (fluorescein) and a blue light to detect foreign bodies in the eye. This test can also detect damage to the cornea. The cornea is the outer surface of the eye.
Nutrition
Fluoride in diet
Fluoride occurs naturally in the body as calcium fluoride. Calcium fluoride is mostly found in the bones and teeth.
Tests
Flushable reagent stool blood test
Flushable reagent stool blood test is an at-home test to detect invisible blood in the stool.
Diseases & Conditions
Folate deficiency
Folate deficiency means you have a lower-than-normal amount of folic acid, a type of vitamin B, in your blood. folic acid
Diseases & Conditions
Folate-deficiency anemia
Folate-deficiency anemia is a decrease in red blood cells (anemia) due to a lack of folate. Folate is a type of B vitamin. It is also called folic acid. anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does...
Tests
Folic acid - test
Folic acid is also called vitamin B9. This article discusses the test to measure the amount of folic acid in the blood. It is often done together with a vitamin B12 test of the blood.
Nutrition
Folic acid in diet
Folic acid and folate are both terms for a type of B vitamin (vitamin B9). The terms folic acid and folate are often used interchangeably. Folate is a B vitamin that occurs naturally in foods such as green...
Tests
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test
The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test measures the level of FSH in blood. FSH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland, located on the underside of the brain.
Diseases & Conditions
Folliculitis
Folliculitis is inflammation of one or more hair follicles. It can occur anywhere on the skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Food allergy
A food allergy is a type of immune response triggered by eggs, peanuts, milk, shellfish or some other specific food.
Special Topics
Food guide plate
By following the US Department of Agriculture's food guide, called MyPlate, you can make healthier food choices. The newest guide encourages you to eat more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins...
Nutrition
Food jags
A food jag is when a child will only eat one food item, or a very small group of food items, meal after meal. Some other common childhood eating behaviors that can concern parents include fear of new foods...
Nutrition
Food labeling
Food labels contain a great deal of information on most packaged foods. Food labels are called "Nutrition Facts. " The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) did a major update of the Nutrition...
Diseases & Conditions
Food poisoning
Food poisoning occurs when you swallow food or water that contains bacteria, parasites, viruses, or the toxins made by these germs. Most cases are caused by common bacteria such as staphylococcus or E coli...
Special Topics
Food poisoning prevention
Nutrition
Food safety
Food safety refers to the conditions and practices that preserve the quality of food. These practices prevent contamination and foodborne illnesses. foodborne
Special Topics
Foods - fresh vs. frozen or canned
Symptoms
Foot pain
Pain or discomfort can be felt anywhere in the foot. You may have pain in the heel, toes, arch, instep, or the bottom of the foot (sole). heel
In-depth Report
Foot pain - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of foot pain.
Self-Care Instructions
Foot sprain - aftercare
Mid-foot sprain
Symptoms
Foot, leg, and ankle swelling
Painless swelling of the feet and ankles is a common problem, especially among older people. Abnormal buildup of fluid in the ankles, feet, and legs can cause swelling. This fluid buildup and swelling is...
Tests
Free T4 test
T4 (thyroxine) is the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland. A laboratory test can be done to measure the amount of free T4 in your blood. Free T4 is the thyroxine that is not attached to a protein...
Symptoms
Frequent or urgent urination
Frequent urination means needing to urinate more often than usual. Urgent urination is a sudden, strong need to urinate. This causes a discomfort in your bladder. Urgent urination makes it difficult to...
Injury
Frostbite
Frostbite is damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by extreme cold. Frostbite is the most common freezing injury.
Diseases & Conditions
Frozen shoulder
Frozen shoulder is a condition in which the shoulder is painful and loses motion because of inflammation.
Self-Care Instructions
Frozen shoulder - aftercare
Adhesive capsulitis - aftercare; Frozen shoulder syndrome - aftercare; Pericapsulitis - aftercare; Stiff shoulder - aftercare; Shoulder pain - frozen shoulder
Self-Care Instructions
Full liquid diet
Surgery - full liquid diet; Medical test - full liquid diet
Diseases & Conditions
Fungal nail infection
Fungal nail infection is a fungus growing in and around your fingernail or toenail.
Symptoms
Fussy or irritable child
Young children who cannot talk yet will let you know when something is wrong by acting fussy or irritable. If your child is fussier than usual, it could be a sign that something is wrong.
Diseases & Conditions
Gallstones
Gallstones are hard deposits that form inside the gallbladder. These may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.
Discharge Instructions
Gallstones - discharge
Chronic cholecystitis - discharge; Dysfunctional gallbladder - discharge; Choledocholithiasis - discharge; Cholelithiasis - discharge; Acute cholecystitis; Cholangitis - discharge
In-depth Report
Gallstones and gallbladder disease - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gallstones.
Tests
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) blood test
The gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) blood test measures the level of the enzyme GGT in the blood. enzyme
Symptoms
Gas – flatulence
Gas is air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum. Air that moves from the digestive tract through the mouth is called belching. belching Gas is also called flatus or flatulence.
Discharge Instructions
Gastric bypass surgery - discharge
Bariatric surgery - gastric bypass - discharge; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - discharge; Gastric bypass - Roux-en-Y - discharge; Obesity gastric bypass discharge; Weight loss - gastric bypass discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Gastritis
Gastritis occurs when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen. Gastritis may last for only a short time (acute gastritis) or it may linger for months to years (chronic gastritis).
Discharge Instructions
Gastroesophageal reflux - discharge
Peptic esophagitis - discharge; Reflux esophagitis - discharge; GERD - discharge; Heartburn - chronic - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the esophagus (food pipe). Food travels from your mouth to the stomach through your...
In-depth Report
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of GERD.
Diseases & Conditions
Gastroesophageal reflux in infants
Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the esophagus. This causes "spitting up" in infants. spitting up
Symptoms
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refers to any bleeding that starts in the GI tract. Bleeding may come from any site along the GI tract, but is often divided into: Upper GI bleeding: The upper GI tract includes...
Diseases & Conditions
Gastroparesis
Gastroparesis is a condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its solid contents. It does not involve a blockage (obstruction) of the outlet of the stomach.
Diseases & Conditions
Generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder in which a person is often worried or anxious about many things and finds it hard to control this anxiety.
Self-Care Instructions
Generalized anxiety disorder - self-care
GAD - self-care; Anxiety - self-care; Anxiety disorder - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Generalized anxiety disorder in children
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder in which a child is often worried or anxious about many things and finds it hard to control this anxiety.
Nutrition
Genetically modified organisms - GMOs
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are plants, animals, or microbes that have had their DNA changed using genetic engineering techniques. Another term for this is bioengineered foods.
Diseases & Conditions
Genital herpes
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). This article focuses on HSV type 2 infection.
Self-Care Instructions
Genital herpes - self-care
Herpes - genital - self-care; Herpes simplex - genital - self-care; Herpesvirus 2 - self-care; HSV-2 - self-care
Symptoms
Genital sores - female
Sores or lesions on the female genitalia or in the vagina may occur for many reasons.
Symptoms
Genital sores - male
A male genital sore is any sore or lesion that appears on the penis, scrotum, or male urethra.
Diseases & Conditions
Genital warts
Genital warts are soft growths on the skin and mucous membranes of the genitals. They may be found on the penis, vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, and around and in the anus. vulva Genital warts are spread...
Diseases & Conditions
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that starts or is first diagnosed during pregnancy.
Nutrition
Gestational diabetes diet
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that starts during pregnancy. Eating a balanced, healthy diet can help you manage gestational diabetes. The diet recommendations that follow are for women...
Special Topics
Getting a prescription filled
Self-Care Instructions
Getting your home ready - after the hospital
Diseases & Conditions
Giant cell arteritis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is inflammation and damage to the blood vessels that supply blood to the head, neck, upper body and arms. It is also called temporal arteritis.
Diseases & Conditions
Giant congenital nevus
A congenital pigmented or melanocytic nevus is a dark-colored, often hairy, patch of skin. It is present at birth or appears in the first year of life. A giant congenital nevus is smaller in infants and...
Diseases & Conditions
Giardia infection
Giardia, or giardiasis, is a parasitic infection of the small intestine. A tiny parasite called Giardia lamblia causes it. Giardia lamblia
Special Topics
Give your heart a workout
Exercise - heart workout; CAD prevention - workout; Cardiovascular disease prevention - workout
Self-Care Instructions
Giving an IM (intramuscular) injection
Self-Care Instructions
Giving an insulin injection
Diabetes - insulin injection; Diabetic - insulin shot
Tests
Glomerular filtration rate
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. Glomeruli are the tiny filters...
Tests
Glucose urine test
The glucose urine test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in a urine sample. The presence of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria or glucosuria. The glucose level can also be measured in other...
Special Topics
Glycemic index and diabetes
Diseases & Conditions
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Diseases & Conditions
Gout
Gout is a type of arthritis. It occurs when uric acid builds up in the blood and causes inflammation in the joints. uric acid Acute gout is a painful condition that often affects only one joint. Chronic...
In-depth Report
Gout - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gout.
Tests
Gram stain
A Gram stain is a test used to identify bacteria. It is one of the most common ways to quickly diagnose bacterial infection in the body.
Tests
Gram stain of skin lesion
A Gram stain of a skin lesion is a lab test that uses special stains to detect and identify bacteria in a sample from the skin. The Gram stain method is one of the most commonly used techniques to quickly...
Tests
Gram stain of urethral discharge
A Gram stain of urethral discharge is a test used to identify bacteria in fluid from the tube that drains urine from the bladder (urethra).
Tests
Granulocyte
Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that has small granules inside them. These granules contain proteins. The specific types of granulocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Granulocytes...
Diseases & Conditions
Granuloma annulare
Granuloma annulare (GA) is a long-term (chronic) skin disease consisting of a rash with reddish bumps arranged in a circle or ring. chronic
Self-Care Instructions
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome
Hip pain - greater trochanteric pain syndrome; GTPS; Bursitis of the hip; Hip bursitis; Greater trochanteric bursitis
Symptoms
Groin lump
A groin lump is swelling in the groin area. This is where the upper leg meets the lower abdomen.
Symptoms
Groin pain
Groin pain refers to discomfort in the area where the abdomen ends and the legs begin. This article focuses on groin pain in men. The terms "groin" and "testicle" are sometimes used interchangeably. But...
Special Topics
Growth chart
Diseases & Conditions
Gumma
A gumma is a soft, tumor-like growth of the tissues (granuloma) that occurs in people with syphilis.
Diseases & Conditions
Guttate psoriasis
Guttate psoriasis is a skin condition in which small, red, scaly, teardrop-shaped spots with silvery scale appear on the arms, legs, and middle of the body. Gutta means "drop" in Latin.
Diseases & Conditions
H1N1 influenza (Swine flu)
The H1N1 virus (swine flu) is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs. It is caused by the H1N1 influenza virus.
Discharge Instructions
H2 blockers
Peptic ulcer disease - H2 blockers; PUD - H2 blockers; Gastroesophageal reflux - H2 blockers; GERD - H2 blockers
Tests
HDL test
The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) test is a blood test to measure the amount of HDL cholesterol in your blood. HDL is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. HDL is called "good" cholesterol because it helps...
Diseases & Conditions
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus attacks and weakens the immune system. As the immune...
Special Topics
HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Vaccine: What You Need to Know. www. cdc. gov/vaccines...
Tests
HPV test
The HPV test is used to check for infection with HPV types associated with cervical cancer. Typically, the test looks for 14 different HPV types. HPV type 16 and HPV type 18 are most closely associated...
Special Topics
HPV vaccine
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects against infection by certain strains of HPV. HPV can cause cervical cancer and genital warts. vaccine cervical cancer genital warts HPV has also been linked...
Special Topics
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae Type b) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hib. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current...
Symptoms
Hair loss
Partial or complete loss of hair is called alopecia.
Diseases & Conditions
Hammer toe
Hammer toe is a deformity of the toe. The toe moves into a claw-like position. The end of the toe is bent downward.
Self-Care Instructions
Hamstring strain - aftercare
Pulled hamstring muscle; Sprain - hamstring
Self-Care Instructions
Hand fracture - aftercare
Boxer's fracture - aftercare; Metacarpal fracture - aftercare
Tests
Hand x-ray
This test is an x-ray of one or both hands. x-ray
Diseases & Conditions
Hand-foot-mouth disease
Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common viral infection that most often begins in the throat.
Special Topics
Handwashing
Hand washing; Hand-washing; Washing your hands; Handwashing - COVID-19; Washing your hands - COVID-19
Special Topics
Hangover treatment
A hangover is the unpleasant symptoms a person has after drinking too much alcohol. Symptoms can include: Headache and dizzinessNauseaFatigueSensitivity to light and soundRapid heartbeatDepression, anxiety...
Special Topics
Head circumference
Head circumference is a measurement of a child's head around its largest area. It measures the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head.
Injury
Head injury - first aid
A head injury is any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain. Head injury can be either closed or open (penetrating). A closed head injury means you received a hard blow to the head from striking an object...
Diseases & Conditions
Head lice
Head lice are tiny insects that live on the skin covering the top of your head (scalp). Head lice may also be found in the eyebrows and eyelashes. Lice spread by close contact with other people.
Symptoms
Headache
A headache is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. Serious causes of headaches are rare. Most people with headaches can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax, and...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Headache - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about headaches; Migraine - what to ask your doctor; Tension-type headache - what to ask your doctor; Cluster headache - what to ask your doctor
In-depth Report
Headaches - cluster - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cluster headaches.
Self-Care Instructions
Headaches - danger signs
Migraine headache - danger signs; Tension headache - danger signs; Cluster headache - danger signs; Vascular headache - danger signs
In-depth Report
Headaches - tension - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of common headaches.
Special Topics
Health care agents
Durable power of attorney for health care; Health care proxy; End-of-life - health care agent; Life support treatment - health care agent; Respirator - health care agent; Ventilator - health care agent...
Self-Care Instructions
Health risks of alcohol use
Alcoholism - risks; Alcohol abuse - risks; Alcohol dependence - risks; Risky drinking
Self-Care Instructions
Health risks of obesity
Special Topics
Health screenings for men age 65 and older
You should visit your health care provider regularly, even if you feel healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a healthy...
Special Topics
Health screenings for men ages 18 to 39
You should visit your health care provider regularly, even if you feel healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a healthy...
Special Topics
Health screenings for men ages 40 to 64
You should visit your health care provider regularly, even if you feel healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a healthy...
Special Topics
Health screenings for women age 65 and older
You should visit your health care provider from time to time, even if you are healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a...
Special Topics
Health screenings for women ages 18 to 39
You should visit your health care provider from time to time, even if you are healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a...
Special Topics
Health screenings for women ages 40 to 64
You should visit your health care provider from time to time, even if you are healthy. The purpose of these visits is to: Screen for medical issuesAssess your risk for future medical problemsEncourage a...
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - Brussels sprouts
Healthy food trends - Brussels cabbage; Healthy snacks - brussels sprouts; Weight loss - brussels sprouts; Healthy diet - brussels sprouts; Wellness - brussels sprouts
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - beans and legumes
Healthy food trends - pulses; Healthy eating - beans and legumes; Weight loss - beans and legumes; Healthy diet - beans and legumes; Wellness - beans and legumes
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - chia seeds
Healthy food trends - sage; Healthy food trends - salvia; Healthy snacks - Chia seeds; Weight loss - Chia seeds; Healthy diet - Chia seeds; Wellness - Chia seeds
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - flaxseeds
Healthy food trends - flax meal; Healthy food trends - flax seeds; Healthy food trends - linseeds; Healthy snacks - flaxseeds; Healthy diet - flaxseeds; Wellness - flaxseeds
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - kale
Healthy food trends - borecole; Healthy snacks - kale; Weight loss - kale; Healthy diet - kale; Wellness - kale
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - microgreens
Healthy snacks - microgreens; Weight loss - microgreens; Healthy diet - microgreens; Wellness - microgreens
Special Topics
Healthy food trends - quinoa
Healthy food trends - goosefoot; Healthy snacks - quinoa; Weight loss - quinoa; Healthy diet - quinoa; Wellness - quinoa
Self-Care Instructions
Healthy grocery shopping
Obesity - grocery shopping; Overweight - grocery shopping; Weight loss - grocery shopping; Healthy diet - grocery shopping
Special Topics
Healthy habits for weight loss
Obesity - healthy habits; Obesity - healthy eating
Special Topics
Healthy living
Symptoms
Hearing loss
Hearing loss is being partly or totally unable to hear sound in one or both ears.
Diseases & Conditions
Hearing loss - infants
Hearing loss is not being able to hear sound in one or both ears. Infants may lose all of their hearing or just part of it.
Self-Care Instructions
Hearing loss and music
Noise induced hearing loss - music; Sensory hearing loss - music
Self-Care Instructions
Heart disease - risk factors
Heart disease - prevention; CVD - risk factors; Cardiovascular disease - risk factors; Coronary artery disease - risk factors; CAD - risk factors
Self-Care Instructions
Heart disease and depression
Nutrition
Heart disease and diet
A healthy diet is an important factor in reducing your risk for heart disease.
Self-Care Instructions
Heart disease and intimacy
Special Topics
Heart disease and women
People often do not consider heart disease a woman's disease. Yet cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of women over age 25. It kills nearly twice as many women in the United States as all types...
Diseases & Conditions
Heart failure
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body efficiently. This causes symptoms to occur throughout the body.
In-depth Report
Heart failure - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart failure.
Discharge Instructions
Heart failure - discharge
Congestive heart failure - discharge; CHF - discharge; HF - discharge
Self-Care Instructions
Heart failure - fluids and diuretics
HF - fluids and diuretics; CHF - ICD discharge; Cardiomyopathy - ICD discharge
Self-Care Instructions
Heart failure - home monitoring
HF - home monitoring; CHF - home monitoring; Cardiomyopathy - home monitoring
Discharge Instructions
Heart failure - medicines
CHF - medicines; Congestive heart failure - medicines; Cardiomyopathy - medicines; HF - medicines
Discharge Instructions
Heart failure - palliative care
CHF - palliative; Congestive heart failure - palliative; Cardiomyopathy - palliative; HF - palliative; Cardiac cachexia; End-of-life-heart failure
Discharge Instructions
Heart failure - surgeries and devices
CHF - surgery; Congestive heart failure - surgery; Cardiomyopathy - surgery; HF - surgery; Intra-aortic balloon pumps - heart failure; IABP - heart failure; Catheter based assist devices - heart failure
Discharge Instructions
Heart failure - tests
CHF - tests; Congestive heart failure - tests; Cardiomyopathy - tests; HF - tests
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Heart failure - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about heart failure; HF - what to ask your doctor
Symptoms
Heart palpitations
Palpitations are feelings or sensations that your heart is pounding or racing. They can be felt in your chest, throat, or neck. You may: Have an unpleasant awareness of your own heartbeatFeel like your...
In-depth Report
Heart-healthy diet - InDepth
An in-depth report on how to build the best diet for your heart's health.
Symptoms
Heartburn
Heartburn is a painful burning feeling just below or behind the breastbone. Most of the time, it comes from the esophagus. The pain often rises in your chest from your stomach. It may also spread to your...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Heartburn - what to ask your provider
What to ask your provider about heartburn and reflux; Reflux - what to ask your provider; GERD - what to ask your provider; Gastroesophageal reflux disease - what to ask your provider
Symptoms
Heel pain
Self-Care Instructions
Heel pain and Achilles tendonitis - aftercare
Special Topics
Help your teen cope with stress
Adolescents - stress; Anxiety - cope with stress
Special Topics
Helping a loved one with a drinking problem
Alcohol abuse - helping a loved one; Alcohol use - helping a loved one
Self-Care Instructions
Helping your teen with depression
Teen depression - helping; Teen depression - talk therapy; Teen depression - medicine
Diseases & Conditions
Hemangioma
A hemangioma is an abnormal buildup of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs.
Tests
Hematocrit
Hematocrit is a blood test that measures how much of a person's blood is made up of red blood cells as opposed to plasma. This measurement depends on the number of and size of the red blood cells. the number...
Tests
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The hemoglobin test measures how much hemoglobin is in your blood.
Tests
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. It is present inside the red blood cells. Hemoglobin electrophoresis measures the levels of the different types of this protein in the blood. Hemoglobin
Tests
Hemoglobinuria test
Hemoglobinuria test is a urine test that checks for hemoglobin in the urine.
Special Topics
Hemorrhagic
Hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding. It most often refers to excessive bleeding. Hemorrhagic diseases are caused by bleeding, or they result in bleeding (hemorrhaging). Related topics include: Primary...
Diseases & Conditions
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anus or lower part of the rectum.
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is swelling and inflammation of the liver.
In-depth Report
Hepatitis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of viral hepatitis.
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the liver from the hepatitis A virus.
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis A - children
Hepatitis A in children is swelling and inflamed tissue of the liver due to the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A is the most common type of hepatitis in children.
Special Topics
Hepatitis A vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Hepatitis A Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hepatitis-a. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hepatitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the liver due to infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Other types of viral hepatitis include hepatitis A, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis B - children
Hepatitis B in children is swelling and inflamed tissue of the liver due to infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Other common hepatitis virus infections include hepatitis A and hepatitis C. hepatitis...
Special Topics
Hepatitis B vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Hepatitis B Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hepatitis-b.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/hepatitis-b.html
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liver. Other types of viral hepatitis include: Hepatitis AHepatitis BHepatitis DHepatitis E Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Hepatitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Hepatitis C - children
Hepatitis C in children is inflammation of tissue of the liver. It occurs due to infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Other common hepatitis virus infections include hepatitis A and hepatitis B. hepatitis...
Tests
Hepatitis virus panel
The hepatitis virus panel is a series of blood tests used to detect current or past infection by hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C. It can screen blood samples for more than one kind of hepatitis...
Self-Care Instructions
Herbal remedies and supplements for weight loss
Weight loss - herbal remedies and supplements; Obesity - herbal remedies; Overweight - herbal remedies
Diseases & Conditions
Hernia
A hernia is a sac formed by the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum). The sac comes through a hole or weak area in the strong layer of the belly wall that surrounds the muscle. This layer is called...
Diseases & Conditions
Herniated disk
A herniated (slipped) disk occurs when all or part of a disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk. This may place pressure on nearby nerves or the spinal cord.
Diseases & Conditions
Herpangina
Herpangina is a viral illness that involves ulcers and sores (lesions) inside the mouth, a sore throat, and fever. Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a related topic. Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Diseases & Conditions
Herpes - oral
Oral herpes is an infection of the lips, mouth, or gums due to the herpes simplex virus. It causes small, painful blisters commonly called cold sores or fever blisters. Oral herpes is also called herpes...
In-depth Report
Herpes simplex - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of herpes simplex.
Tests
Herpes viral culture of lesion
Herpes viral culture of a lesion is a laboratory test to check if a skin sore is infected with the herpes virus.
Diseases & Conditions
Herpetic stomatitis
Herpetic stomatitis is a viral infection of the mouth that causes sores and ulcers. These mouth ulcers are not the same as canker sores, which are not caused by a virus. canker sores
Diseases & Conditions
Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach extends through an opening of the diaphragm into the chest. The diaphragm is the sheet of muscle that divides the chest from the abdomen.
Symptoms
Hiccups
A hiccup is an unintentional movement (spasm) of the diaphragm, the muscle at the base of the lungs. The spasm is followed by quick closing of the vocal cords. This closing of vocal cords produces a distinctive...
Diseases & Conditions
High arch
High arch is a foot arch that is raised more than normal. The arch runs from the toes to the heel on the bottom of the foot. It is also called pes cavus. High arch is the opposite of flat feet. flat feet
Diseases & Conditions
High blood cholesterol levels
Cholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that your body needs to work properly. Too much bad cholesterol in your blood can increase your chance of getting heart disease, stroke, and other problems. heart...
In-depth Report
High blood pressure - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of high blood pressure.
Diseases & Conditions
High blood pressure - children
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. High blood pressure (hypertension) is an increase in this force. This article...
Diseases & Conditions
High blood pressure - medicine-related
Drug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by a chemical substance or medicine. high blood pressure
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
High blood pressure - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about high blood pressure; Hypertension - what to ask your doctor
Special Topics
High blood pressure and diet
Making changes to your diet is a proven way to help control high blood pressure. These changes can also help you lose weight and lower your chance of heart disease and stroke. high blood pressure Your health...
Diseases & Conditions
High blood pressure in adults - hypertension
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the medical term used to describe high blood pressure. Untreated...
Special Topics
High blood pressure medications
Treating high blood pressure will help prevent problems such as heart disease, stroke, loss of eyesight, chronic kidney disease, and other blood vessel diseases. high blood pressure You may need to take...
Self-Care Instructions
High blood sugar - self-care
Hyperglycemia - self care; High blood glucose - self care; Diabetes - high blood sugar
Diseases & Conditions
High cholesterol - children
Cholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that the body needs to work properly. There are many types of cholesterol. The ones talked about most are: Total cholesterol - all the cholesterols combinedHigh...
Diseases & Conditions
High potassium level
High potassium level is a problem in which the amount of potassium in the blood is higher than normal. The medical name of this condition is hyperkalemia.
Self-Care Instructions
High-fiber foods
Dietary fiber - self-care; Constipation - fiber
Self-Care Instructions
Hip flexor strain - aftercare
Pulled hip flexor - aftercare; Hip flexor injury - aftercare; Hip flexor tear - aftercare; Iliopsoas strain - aftercare; Strained iliopsoas muscle - aftercare; Torn iliopsoas muscle - aftercare; Psoas strain...
Symptoms
Hip pain
Hip pain involves any pain in or around the hip joint. You may not feel pain from your hip directly over the hip area. You may feel it in your groin, thigh, or knee.
Tests
Histoplasma complement fixation
Histoplasma complement fixation is a blood test that checks for infection by a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum (H capsulatum), which causes the disease histoplasmosis. Histoplasma capsulatum H capsulatum...
Tests
Histoplasma skin test
The histoplasma skin test is used to check if you have been exposed to a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum. The fungus causes an infection called histoplasmosis. Histoplasma capsulatum. histoplasmosis
Diseases & Conditions
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis is an infection that occurs from breathing in the spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. spores Histoplasma capsulatum
Diseases & Conditions
Hives
Hives are raised, usually itchy, red bumps (welts) on the surface of the skin. They can be an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They can also appear without cause.
Tests
Holter monitor (24h)
A Holter monitor is a machine that continuously records the heart's rhythms. The monitor is worn for 24 to 48 hours during normal activity.
Self-Care Instructions
Home blood sugar testing
Diabetes - home glucose testing; Diabetes - home blood sugar testing
Self-Care Instructions
Home health care
Home health; Skilled nursing - home health; Skilled nursing - home care; Physical therapy - at home; Occupational therapy - at home; Discharge - home health care
Self-Care Instructions
Home safety - children
Diseases & Conditions
Hookworm infection
Hookworm infection is caused by roundworms. The disease affects the small intestine and lungs.
Special Topics
Hormonal effects in newborns
Hormonal effects in newborns occur because in the womb (uterus), babies are exposed to many chemicals (hormones) that are in the mother's bloodstream. After birth, the infants are no longer exposed to these...
Special Topics
Hospice care
Palliative care - hospice; End-of-life care - hospice; Dying - hospice; Cancer - hospice
Diseases & Conditions
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that occurs during a hospital stay. This type of pneumonia can be very severe. Sometimes, it can be fatal.
Special Topics
Hospitals as health educators
Diseases & Conditions
Hot tub folliculitis
Hot tub folliculitis is an infection of the skin around the lower part of the hair shaft (hair follicles). It usually occurs when you come into contact with certain bacteria that live in warm and wet areas...
Self-Care Instructions
How and when to get rid of unused medicines
Disposal of unused medicines; Expired medicines; Unused medicines
Self-Care Instructions
How to avoid exercise injuries
Self-Care Instructions
How to avoid overheating during exercise
Heat exhaustion; Heat cramps; Heatstroke
Self-Care Instructions
How to choose a health plan
Self-Care Instructions
How to choose a nursing home
Skilled nursing facility - nursing home; Long-term care - nursing home; Short-term care - nursing home
Special Topics
How to choose the best hospital for surgery
The quality of the health care you receive for an operation depends on many things besides the skill of your surgeon. Many health care providers at a hospital will be directly involved in your care before...
Self-Care Instructions
How to give a heparin shot
DVT - heparin shot; Deep venous thrombosis - heparin shot; PE - heparin shot; Pulmonary embolism - heparin shot; Blood thinner - heparin shot; Anticoagulant - heparin shot
Special Topics
How to learn more about your doctor
Injury
How to make a sling
A sling is a device used to support and keep still (immobilize) an injured part of the body. Slings can be used for many different injuries. They are most often used when you have a broken (fractured) or...
Injury
How to make a splint
A splint is a device used to hold a part of the body stable to decrease pain and prevent further injury.
Self-Care Instructions
How to prevent frostbite and hypothermia
Special Topics
How to protect yourself and others from COVID-19
COVID-19 - Prevention; 2019 Novel Coronavirus - Prevention; SARS CoV 2 - Prevention
Self-Care Instructions
How to read food labels
Nutrition - reading food labels; Diabetes - reading food labels; Hypertension - reading food labels; Fats - reading food labels; Cholesterol - reading food labels; Weight loss - reading food labels; Obesity...
Special Topics
How to save money on infant formula
Special Topics
How to save money on medicines
Self-Care Instructions
How to stop drinking
Alcohol abuse - how to stop; Alcohol use - how to stop; Alcoholism - how to stop
Self-Care Instructions
How to stop smoking: Dealing with a slip up
Self-Care Instructions
How to stop smoking: Dealing with cravings
Special Topics
How to take statins
Antilipemic Agent; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; Atorvastatin (Lipitor); Simvastatin (Zocor); Lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev); Pitavastatin (Livalo, Zypitamag); Pravastatin (Pravachol); Rosuvastatin (Crestor...
Self-Care Instructions
How to treat the common cold at home
Upper respiratory infection - home care; URI - home care
Self-Care Instructions
How to use a nebulizer
Nebulizer - how to use; Asthma - how to use a nebulizer; COPD - how to use a nebulizer; Wheezing - nebulizer; Reactive airway disease - nebulizer; COPD - nebulizer; Chronic bronchitis - nebulizer; Emphysema...
Self-Care Instructions
How to use an inhaler - no spacer
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) administration - no spacer; Bronchial nebulizer; Wheezing - nebulizer; Reactive airway - nebulizer; COPD - nebulizer; Chronic bronchitis - nebulizer; Emphysema - nebulizer
Self-Care Instructions
How to use an inhaler - with spacer
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) administration - with spacer; Asthma - inhaler with spacer; Reactive airway disease - inhaler with spacer; Bronchial asthma - inhaler with spacer
Self-Care Instructions
How to use your peak flow meter
Peak flow meter - how to use; Asthma - peak flow meter; Reactive airway disease - peak flow meter; Bronchial asthma - peak flow meter
Self-Care Instructions
Human bites - self-care
Bites - human - self-care
Special Topics
Humidifiers and health
A home humidifier can increase the humidity (moisture) in your home. This helps eliminate the dry air that can irritate and inflame the airways in your nose and throat.
Diseases & Conditions
Hydrocele
A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum. scrotum
Symptoms
Hyperactivity
Hyperactivity means having increased movement, impulsive actions, a shorter attention span, and being easily distracted.
Special Topics
Hyperactivity and children
Nutrition
Hyperactivity and sugar
Hyperactivity means an increase in movement, often accompanied by impulsive actions, being easily distracted, and shorter attention span. Some people believe that children are more likely to be hyperactive...
Diseases & Conditions
Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition in which a person sweats excessively and unpredictably. People with hyperhidrosis may sweat even when the temperature is cool or when they are at rest.
Diseases & Conditions
Hypertensive heart disease
Hypertensive heart disease refers to heart problems that occur because of high blood pressure that is present over a long time.
Diseases & Conditions
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. The condition is often called overactive thyroid.
Symptoms
Hyperventilation
Hyperventilation is rapid and deep breathing. It is also called overbreathing, and it may leave you feeling breathless.
Tests
Hypochromia
Hypochromia means that the red blood cells have less color than normal when examined under a microscope. This usually occurs when there is not enough of the pigment that carries oxygen (hemoglobin) in the...
Diseases & Conditions
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Hypogonadism is a condition in which the male testes or the female ovaries produce little or no sex hormones. Hypogonadism testes Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a form of hypogonadism that is due...
Diseases & Conditions
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. This condition is often called underactive thyroid.
In-depth Report
Hypothyroidism - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hypothyroidism.
Special Topics
IQ testing
Intelligence quotient (IQ) testing is a series of exams used to determine your general intelligence in relation to other people of the same age.
Special Topics
IV treatment at home
Home intravenous antibiotic therapy; Central venous catheter - home; Peripheral venous catheter - home; Port - home; PICC line - home; Infusion therapy - home; Home health care - IV treatment
Self-Care Instructions
Ibuprofen dosing for children
Motrin; Advil
Self-Care Instructions
Ileostomy - caring for your stoma
Standard ileostomy - stoma care; Brooke ileostomy - stoma care; Continent ileostomy - stoma care; Abdominal pouch - stoma care; End ileostomy - stoma care; Ostomy - stoma care; Crohn's disease - stoma care...
Self-Care Instructions
Ileostomy - changing your pouch
Standard ileostomy - pouch change; Brooke ileostomy - pouch change; Continent ileostomy - changing; Abdominal pouch changing; End ileostomy - pouch change; Ostomy - pouch change; Inflammatory bowel disease...
Self-Care Instructions
Ileostomy and your child
Standard ileostomy and your child; Brooke ileostomy and your child; Continent ileostomy and your child; Abdominal pouch and your child; End ileostomy and your child; Ostomy and your child; Inflammatory...
Self-Care Instructions
Ileostomy and your diet
Standard ileostomy - diet; Brooke ileostomy - diet; Continent ileostomy - diet; Abdominal pouch - diet; End ileostomy - diet; Ostomy - diet; Inflammatory bowel disease - ileostomy and your diet; Crohn disease...
Self-Care Instructions
Iliotibial band syndrome - aftercare
IT band syndrome - aftercare; ITB syndrome - aftercare; Iliotibial band friction syndrome - aftercare
Special Topics
Immune response
The immune response is how your body recognizes and defends itself against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and harmful.
In-depth Report
Immunizations - InDepth
Overview Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other germs (microbes) cause many human diseases. Vaccines can help protect against some of these diseases. Data released recently shows that many immunization...
Self-Care Instructions
Immunizations for people with diabetes
Tests
Immunoelectrophoresis – blood
Serum immunoelectrophoresis is a lab test that measures proteins called immunoglobulins in the blood. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies, which fight infection. There are many types...
Tests
Immunofixation blood test
The immunofixation blood test is used to identify proteins called immunoglobulins in blood. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies, which fight infection. There are many types of immunoglobulins...
Special Topics
Imperforate hymen
Diseases & Conditions
Impetigo
Impetigo is a common infection of the outermost layer of the skin.
Special Topics
Incidence
Incidence is the number of new cases of a condition, symptom, death, or injury that develop during a specific time period, such as a year. Incidence shows the likelihood that a person in a certain population...
Symptoms
Indigestion
Indigestion (dyspepsia) is a mild discomfort in the upper belly or abdomen. It often occurs during or right after eating. It may feel like: Heat, burning, or pain in the area between the navel and the lower...
Special Topics
Indoor fitness routine
Fitness - indoors; Exercise - indoors
Self-Care Instructions
Indwelling catheter care
Foley catheter; Suprapubic tube
Special Topics
Infant - newborn development
Special Topics
Infant Formula - buying, preparing, storing, and feeding
Nutrition
Infant formulas
During the first 4 to 6 months of life, infants need only breast milk or formula to meet all their nutritional needs. Infant formulas include powders, concentrated liquids, and ready-to-use forms.
Diseases & Conditions
Infectious myringitis
Infectious myringitis is an infection that causes painful blisters on the eardrum (tympanic membrane). blisters
Diseases & Conditions
Infertility
Infertility means you cannot get pregnant (conceive). There are 2 types of infertility: Primary infertility refers to couples who have not become pregnant after at least 1 year having sex without using...
In-depth Report
Infertility in women - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of female infertility.
Special Topics
Influenza (flu) vaccine (inactivated or recombinant) - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/influenza-inactivated. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current...
Special Topics
Influenza (flu) vaccine (live, intranasal) - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Influenza Live, Intranasal Flu Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/influenza-live-intranasal.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines...
Special Topics
Informed consent - adults
Diseases & Conditions
Ingrown toenail
An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the skin of the toe.
Discharge Instructions
Ingrown toenail removal - discharge
Onychocryptosis surgery; Onychomycosis; Unguis incarnates surgery; Ingrown toenail removal; Toenail ingrowth
Injury
Insect bites and stings
Insect bites and stings can cause an immediate skin reaction. The bite from fire ants and the sting from bees, wasps, and hornets are most often painful. Bites caused by mosquitoes, fleas, and mites are...
Special Topics
Insidious
An insidious disease is any disease that comes on slowly and does not have obvious symptoms at first. The person is not aware of its development.
Diseases & Conditions
Insomnia
Insomnia is trouble falling asleep, staying asleep (usually through the night), or waking up too early in the morning. Episodes of insomnia may come and go or be long-lasting. The quality of your sleep...
In-depth Report
Insomnia - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of insomnia.
Special Topics
Inspection
In medical terms, "inspection" means to look at the person or body part. It is the first step in a physical exam.
Special Topics
Insulin and syringes - storage and safety
Diabetes - insulin storage
Special Topics
Insulin pumps
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; CSII; Diabetes - insulin pumps
Diseases & Conditions
Intellectual disability
Intellectual disability is a condition diagnosed before age 18 that includes below-average intellectual function and a lack of skills necessary for daily living. In the past, the term mental retardation...
Diseases & Conditions
Interstitial cystitis
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a long-term (chronic) problem in which pain, pressure, or burning is present in the bladder. It is often associated with urinary frequency or urgency. It is also called painful...
Diseases & Conditions
Interstitial lung disease
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung disorders in which the lung tissues become inflamed and then damaged.
Discharge Instructions
Interstitial lung disease - adults - discharge
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease - discharge; Alveolitis - discharge; Idiopathic pulmonary pneumonitis - discharge; IPP - discharge; Chronic interstitial lung - discharge; Chronic respiratory interstitial...
Symptoms
Intertrigo
Intertrigo is inflammation of the skin folds. It tends to occur in warm, moist areas of the body where two skin surfaces rub or press against each other. Such areas are called intertriginous areas.
Diseases & Conditions
Intestinal obstruction and Ileus
Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel. The contents of the intestine cannot pass through it.
Surgery
Intrauterine devices (IUD)
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small plastic T-shaped device used for birth control. It is inserted into the uterus (womb) where it stays to prevent pregnancy. birth control
Special Topics
Intravenous
Intravenous means "within a vein. " Most often it refers to giving medicines or fluids through a needle or tube inserted into a vein. This allows the medicine or fluid to enter your bloodstream right away...
Special Topics
Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor is a protein that helps your intestines absorb vitamin B12. It is made by cells in the stomach lining. vitamin B12
Special Topics
Invasive
An invasive disease is one that spreads to surrounding tissues. An invasive procedure is one in which the body is "invaded", or entered by a needle, tube, device, or scope.
Nutrition
Iodine in diet
Iodine is a trace element and a nutrient found naturally in the body.
Surgery
Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis is the process of passing a weak electrical current through the skin. Iontophoresis has a variety of uses in medicine. This article discusses the use of iontophoresis to decrease sweating...
Diseases & Conditions
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types and causes of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia occurs...
Nutrition
Iron in diet
Iron is a mineral found in every cell of the body. Iron is considered an essential mineral because it is needed to make hemoglobin, a part of blood cells. The body cannot make it, so it must be taken in...
Diseases & Conditions
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that leads to pain in abdomen and changes in bowel movements. IBS is not the same as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Discharge Instructions
Irritable bowel syndrome - aftercare
IBS; Mucus colitis; IBS-D; IBS-C
Self-Care Instructions
Ischemic ulcers - self-care
Arterial ulcers - self-care; Arterial insufficiency ulcer self-care; Ischemic wounds - self-care; Peripheral artery disease - ulcer; Peripheral vascular disease - ulcer; PVD - ulcer; PAD - ulcer
Symptoms
Itching
Itching is a tingling or irritation of the skin that makes you want to scratch the area. Itching may occur all over the body or only in one location.
Diseases & Conditions
Jaundice
Jaundice is a yellow color of the skin, mucus membranes, or eyes. The yellow coloring comes from bilirubin, a byproduct of old red blood cells. Jaundice can be a symptom of several health problems.
Diseases & Conditions
Jaundice and breastfeeding
Jaundice is a condition that causes the skin and whites of the eyes to turn yellow. There are two common problems that may occur in newborns receiving breast milk. If jaundice is seen after the first week...
Special Topics
Jaundice causes
Jaundice is a yellow color in the skin, mucous membranes, or eyes. The yellow color comes from bilirubin, a byproduct of your body processing old red blood cells. Jaundice is often a sign of a disease....
Self-Care Instructions
Jejunostomy feeding tube
Feeding - jejunostomy tube; G-J tube; J-tube; Jejunum tube; PEJ tube
Self-Care Instructions
Jet lag prevention
Circadian rhythm sleep disturbances; Jet lag disorder
Diseases & Conditions
Jock itch
Jock itch is an infection of the groin area caused by a fungus. The medical term is tinea cruris or ringworm of the groin.
Symptoms
Joint pain
Joint pain can affect one or more joints.
Symptoms
Joint swelling
Joint swelling is the buildup of fluid in the soft tissue surrounding the joint or the joint itself.
Tests
Joint x-ray
This test is an x-ray of a knee, shoulder, hip, wrist, ankle, or other joint. x-ray
Diseases & Conditions
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a term used to describe a group of disorders in children that includes arthritis. They are long-term (chronic) diseases that cause joint pain and swelling. The names...
Special Topics
Keeping your medicines organized
Pill organizer; Pill dispenser
Self-Care Instructions
Kegel exercises - self-care
Pelvic muscle strengthening exercises; Pelvic floor exercises
Diseases & Conditions
Keloids
A keloid is a growth of extra scar tissue. It occurs where the skin has healed after an injury.
Diseases & Conditions
Keratosis pilaris
Keratosis pilaris is a common skin condition in which a protein in the skin called keratin forms hard plugs within hair follicles.
Tests
Ketones blood test
A ketone blood test measures the amount of ketones in the blood. Ketones can also be measured with a urine test. urine test
Tests
Kidney function tests
Kidney function tests are common lab tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working. Such tests include: BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) Creatinine - bloodCreatinine clearanceCreatinine - urine BUN ...
Diseases & Conditions
Kidney stones
A kidney stone is a solid mass made up of tiny crystals. One or more stones can be in the kidney or ureter at the same time.
In-depth Report
Kidney stones - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of kidney stones.
Self-Care Instructions
Kidney stones - self-care
Renal calculi and self-care; Nephrolithiasis and self-care; Stones and kidney - self-care; Calcium stones and self-care; Oxalate stones and self-care; Uric acid stones and self-care
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Kidney stones - what to ask your doctor
Nephrolithiasis - what to ask your doctor; Renal calculi - what to ask your doctor; What to ask your doctor about kidney stones
Special Topics
Kinins
Kinins are proteins in the blood that cause inflammation and affect blood pressure (especially causing blood pressure to go down). They also: Increase blood flow throughout the bodyMake it easier for fluids...
Symptoms
Knee pain
Knee pain is a common symptom in people of all ages. It may start suddenly, often after an injury or exercise. Knee pain also may begin as a mild discomfort, then slowly get worse.
Self-Care Instructions
Kneecap dislocation - aftercare
Patellar subluxation - aftercare; Patellofemoral subluxation - aftercare; Kneecap subluxation - aftercare
Diseases & Conditions
Knock knees
Knock knees are a condition in which the knees touch, but the ankles do not touch. The legs turn inward.
Diseases & Conditions
Kyphosis
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back. This leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.
Tests
LDH isoenzyme blood test
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme test checks how much of the different types of LDH, called isoenzymes, are present in the blood. lactate dehydrogenase
Tests
LDL test
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) test is a blood test to measure the amount of LDL cholesterol in your blood. LDL is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. LDL is called "bad" cholesterol because it can...
Tests
LH response to GnRH blood test
LH response to GnRH is a blood test to help determine if your pituitary gland can correctly respond to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). LH stands for luteinizing hormone.
Diseases & Conditions
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is irritation and swelling of the inner ear. It can cause vertigo and hearing loss.
Self-Care Instructions
Labyrinthitis - aftercare
Bacterial labyrinthitis - aftercare; Serous labyrinthitis - aftercare; Neuronitis - vestibular - aftercare; Vestibular neuronitis - aftercare; Viral neurolabyrinthitis - aftercare; Vestibular neuritis vertigo...
Self-Care Instructions
Laceration - sutures or staples - at home
Skin cut - caring for stitches; Skin cut - suture care; Skin cut - caring for staples
Self-Care Instructions
Lacerations - liquid bandage
Skin adhesives; Tissue adhesive; Skin cut - liquid bandage; Wound - liquid bandage
Tests
Lactate dehydrogenase test
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a protein that helps produce energy in the body. An LDH test measures the amount of LDH in the blood.
Tests
Lactic acid test
Lactic acid is mainly produced in muscle cells and red blood cells. It forms when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for energy when oxygen levels are low. Times when your body's oxygen level might...
Diseases & Conditions
Lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis refers to lactic acid build up in the bloodstream. Lactic acid is produced when oxygen levels become low in cells within the areas of the body where metabolism takes place or in response...
Diseases & Conditions
Lactose intolerance
Lactose is a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. An enzyme called lactase is needed by the body to digest lactose. Lactose intolerance develops when the small intestine does not make enough...
Tests
Lactose tolerance tests
Lactose tolerance tests measure the ability of your intestines to break down a type of sugar called lactose. This sugar is found in milk and other dairy products. If your body cannot break down this sugar...
Discharge Instructions
Laparoscopic gastric banding - discharge
Lap-Band - discharge; LAGB - discharge; Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding - discharge; Bariatric surgery - laparoscopic gastric banding - discharge; Obesity gastric banding discharge; Weight loss...
Diseases & Conditions
Laryngitis
Laryngitis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the voice box (larynx). The problem is most often associated with hoarseness or loss of voice. hoarseness
Special Topics
Lateral
Lateral means to the side of, or away from, the middle of the body. Examples: The ears are lateral to the nose. The arms are lateral to the chest. The ears are lateral to the nose. The arms are lateral...
Self-Care Instructions
Latex allergies - for hospital patients
Latex products - hospital; Latex allergy - hospital; Latex sensitivity - hospital; Contact dermatitis - latex allergy; Allergy - latex; Allergic reaction - latex
Tests
Lead levels - blood
Blood lead level is a test that measures the amount of lead in the blood.
Self-Care Instructions
Learn about gluten-free diets
Celiac and gluten
Special Topics
Learn to love exercise
Prevention - learn to love exercise; Wellness - learn to love exercise
Special Topics
Learn to manage stress
We all feel stress at one time or another. It's a normal and healthy reaction to change or a challenge. But stress that goes on for more than a few weeks can affect your health. Keep stress from making...
Self-Care Instructions
Learn to manage your anger
Self-Care Instructions
Learning about depression
Discharge Instructions
Leaving the hospital - your discharge plan
Surgery
Leg lengthening and shortening
Leg lengthening and shortening are types of surgery to treat some people who have legs of unequal lengths. These procedures may: Lengthen an abnormally short legShorten an abnormally long legLimit growth...
Symptoms
Leg pain
Leg pain is a common problem. It can be due to a cramp, injury, or other cause.
Diseases & Conditions
Lichen simplex chronicus
Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is a skin condition caused by chronic itching and scratching. chronic
Self-Care Instructions
Lifting and bending the right way
Nonspecific back pain - lifting; Backache - lifting; Sciatica - lifting; Lumbar pain - lifting; Chronic back pain - lifting; Herniated disk - lifting; Slipped disk - lifting
Symptoms
Limited range of motion
Limited range of motion is a term meaning that a joint or body part cannot move through its normal range of motion.
Tests
Lipase test
Lipase is a protein (enzyme) released by the pancreas into the small intestine. It helps the body absorb fat. This test is used to measure the amount of lipase in the blood. enzyme
Tests
Lipid profile test
Lipids are fatty, wax-like substances found in the body. Your body needs lipids for proper body functions, growth, and energy. Two important types of lipids found in the blood are cholesterol and triglycerides...
Special Topics
Lipofuscin
Lipofuscin is a brownish pigment left over from the breakdown and absorption of damaged blood cells. Lipofuscin is found in heart muscle and smooth muscles. It is also called the aging pigment.
Tests
Lipoprotein-a
Lipoproteins are molecules made of proteins and fat. They carry cholesterol and similar substances through the blood. proteins A blood test can be done to measure a specific type of lipoprotein called lipoprotein...
Special Topics
Liquid medication administration
Diseases & Conditions
Liver disease
The term "liver disease" applies to many conditions that stop the liver from working or prevent it from functioning well. Abdominal pain or swelling, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), or abnormal...
Tests
Liver function tests
Liver function tests are common tests that are used to see how well the liver is working. Tests include: AlbuminAlpha-1 antitrypsinAlkaline phosphatase (ALP)Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)Aspartate aminotransferase...
Diseases & Conditions
Liver spots
Liver spots are flat, brown or black spots that can appear on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun. They have nothing to do with the liver or liver function.
Self-Care Instructions
Living with a chronic illness - dealing with feelings
Self-Care Instructions
Living with a chronic illness - reaching out to others
Self-Care Instructions
Living with endometriosis
Pelvic pain - living with endometriosis; Endometrial implant - living with endometriosis; Endometrioma - living with endometriosis
Self-Care Instructions
Living with hearing loss
Self-Care Instructions
Living with heart disease and angina
Coronary artery disease - living with; CAD - living with; Chest pain - living with
Self-Care Instructions
Living with uterine fibroids
Leiomyoma - living with fibroids; Fibromyoma - living with fibroids; Myoma - living with fibroids; Vaginal bleeding - living with fibroids; Uterine bleeding - living with fibroids; Pelvic pain - living...
Self-Care Instructions
Living with your ileostomy
Standard ileostomy - living with; Brooke ileostomy - living with; Continent ileostomy - living with; Abdominal pouch - living with; End ileostomy - living with; Ostomy - living with; Crohn disease - living...
Diseases & Conditions
Long COVID
Most people who have COVID-19 recover completely. Some people continue to have health problems after having COVID-19. This is called long COVID. COVID-19 Long COVID can happen in people who had mild to...
Self-Care Instructions
Long-term complications of diabetes
Diabetic complications - long term
Self-Care Instructions
Losing weight after pregnancy
Self-Care Instructions
Low FODMAP diet
Irritable bowel syndrome - low FODMAP diet
Diseases & Conditions
Low back pain - acute
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Acute back pain can last for a few...
Diseases & Conditions
Low back pain - chronic
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Low back pain that is long-term is...
Diseases & Conditions
Low blood pressure
Low blood pressure occurs when blood pressure is below normal. This means the heart, brain, and other parts of the body may not get enough blood. In adults, the normal blood pressure is between 90/60 mmHg...
Diseases & Conditions
Low blood sugar
Low blood sugar is a condition that occurs when the body's blood sugar (glucose) decreases and is too low. Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) is considered low. Blood sugar at or below this level can...
Self-Care Instructions
Low blood sugar - self-care
Hypoglycemia - self care; Low blood glucose - self care
Self-Care Instructions
Low-fiber diet
Fiber restricted diet; Crohn disease - low fiber diet; Ulcerative colitis - low fiber diet; Surgery - low fiber diet
Self-Care Instructions
Low-salt diet
Low-sodium diet; Salt restriction
Special Topics
Lower-calorie choices for alcoholic drinks
Low-calorie spirits; Low-calorie mixed drinks; Low-calorie alcohol; Low-calorie alcoholic beverages; Weight loss - low-calorie cocktails; Obesity - low-calorie cocktails
Tests
Lumbosacral spine CT
A lumbosacral spine CT is a computed tomography scan of the lower spine and surrounding tissues. computed tomography
Tests
Lumbosacral spine x-ray
A lumbosacral spine x-ray is a picture of the bones (vertebrae) in the lower part of the spine. This area includes the lumbar region and the sacrum, the area that connects the spine to the pelvis. x-ray
Symptoms
Lump in the abdomen
A lump in the abdomen is a small area of swelling or bulge of tissue in the belly. bulge of tissue in the belly
Special Topics
Lung problems and volcanic smog
Volcanic smog is also called vog. It forms when a volcano erupts and releases gases into the atmosphere. Volcanic smog can irritate the lungs and make existing lung problems worse.
Tests
Luteinizing hormone (LH) blood test
The LH blood test measures the amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) in blood. LH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland, located on the underside of the brain.
Diseases & Conditions
Lyme disease
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that is spread through the bite of one of several types of ticks.
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Lyme disease - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your provider about Lyme disease; Lyme borreliosis - questions; Bannwarth syndrome - questions
In-depth Report
Lyme disease and related tick-borne infections - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease.
Tests
Lyme disease blood test
The Lyme disease blood test looks for antibodies in the blood to the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. The test is used to help diagnose Lyme disease. Lyme disease
Diseases & Conditions
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Special Topics
MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC MMR (Measles, Mumps, & Rubella) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/mmr.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/mmr...
Special Topics
MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/mmrv.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp...
Tests
MRI
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the body. It does not use ionizing radiation (x-rays). x-rays Single MRI images...
Special Topics
MRI and low back pain
Back pain and sciatica are common health complaints. Almost everyone has back pain at some time in their life. Most of the time, the exact cause of the pain can't be found. Back pain sciatica An MRI scan...
Diseases & Conditions
MSG symptom complex
MSG symptom complex is a set of symptoms associated with eating food with the additive monosodium glutamate (MSG). MSG is the sodium salt of a common amino acid, glutamic acid. MSG is found naturally in...
Special Topics
Macrophage
A macrophage is a type of immune cell. It destroys foreign substances to protect the body from infection.
Tests
Magnesium blood test
A serum magnesium test measures the level of magnesium in the blood.
Nutrition
Magnesium in diet
Magnesium is an essential mineral for human nutrition.
Diseases & Conditions
Major depression
Depression is feeling sad, blue, unhappy, or down in the dumps. Most people feel this way once in a while. Major depression is a mood disorder. It occurs when feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration...
Diseases & Conditions
Major depression with psychotic features
Major depression with psychotic features is a mental disorder in which a person has depression along with loss of touch with reality (psychosis). psychosis
Self-Care Instructions
Make peak flow a habit
Asthma - make peak flow a habit; Reactive airway disease - peak flow; Bronchial asthma - peak flow
Self-Care Instructions
Make the most of your doctor visit
Special Topics
Make time to move
Exercise - time to move; Weight loss - time to move; Obesity - time to move
Self-Care Instructions
Making everyday tasks easier when you have arthritis
Diseases & Conditions
Malabsorption
Malabsorption involves problems with the body's ability to take in (absorb) nutrients from food.
Symptoms
Malaise
Malaise is a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of well-being.
Diseases & Conditions
Male pattern baldness
Male pattern baldness is the most common type of hair loss in men.
Self-Care Instructions
Mallet finger - aftercare
Baseball finger - aftercare; Drop finger - aftercare; Avulsion fracture - mallet finger - aftercare
Diseases & Conditions
Malnutrition
Malnutrition is the condition that occurs when your body does not get enough nutrients.
Diseases & Conditions
Malocclusion of teeth
Malocclusion means the teeth are not aligned properly.
Tests
Mammogram
A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breasts. It is used to evaluate some breast symptoms and to find breast cancer in women with no symptoms (called screening for breast cancer). x-ray breast cancer
Special Topics
Mammogram - calcifications
Calcifications are tiny deposits of calcium in your breast tissue. They are often seen on a mammogram. mammogram
Self-Care Instructions
Managing latex allergies at home
Latex products; Latex allergy; Latex sensitivity; Contact dermatitis - latex allergy
Self-Care Instructions
Managing menopause at home
Perimenopause - self-care; Hormone replacement therapy - self-care; HRT- self-care
Self-Care Instructions
Managing migraines at home
Headache - migraine - self-care; Vascular headache - self-care
Self-Care Instructions
Managing pain during labor
Pregnancy - pain during labor; Birth - managing pain
Self-Care Instructions
Managing tension headaches at home
Tension-type headache - self-care; Muscle contraction headache - self-care; Headache - benign - self-care; Headache - tension- self-care; Chronic headaches - tension - self-care; Rebound headaches - tension...
Self-Care Instructions
Managing your blood sugar
Hyperglycemia - control; Hypoglycemia - control; Diabetes - blood sugar control; Blood glucose - managing
Self-Care Instructions
Managing your chronic back pain
Chronic back pain - managing; Chronic back pain - self-care; Failed back syndrome - managing; Lumbar stenosis -managing; Spinal stenosis - managing; Sciatica - managing; Chronic lumbar pain - managing
Self-Care Instructions
Managing your depression - teens
Recognizing depression in your teen; Helping your teen with depression
Self-Care Instructions
Managing your weight gain during pregnancy
Prenatal care - managing your weight
Self-Care Instructions
Managing your weight with healthy eating
Obesity - managing your weight; Overweight - managing your weight; Healthy diet - managing your weight; Weight loss - managing your weight
Injury
Marine animal stings or bites
Marine animal stings or bites refer to venomous bites or stings from any form of sea life, including jellyfish. There are about 1200 species of animals found in the ocean that are venomous. Many can cause...
Diseases & Conditions
Measles
Measles is a very contagious (easily spread) illness caused by a virus.
Special Topics
Medial
Medial means toward the middle or center. It is the opposite of lateral. The term is used to describe general positions of body parts. For example, the chest is medial to the arm. lateral Your health care...
Diseases & Conditions
Medial epicondylitis - golfer's elbow
Medial epicondylitis is soreness or pain on the inside of the lower arm near the elbow. It is commonly called golfer's elbow.
Special Topics
Medical marijuana
Pot; Grass; Cannabis; Weed; Hash; Ganja
Special Topics
Medicine safety - Filling your prescription
Medical errors - medicine; Preventing medicine errors
Special Topics
Medicine safety and children
Medication safety; Poison control - medicine safety
Special Topics
Medicine safety during your hospital stay
Medication safety - hospital; Five rights - medication; Medication administration - hospital; Medical errors - medication; Patient safety - medication safety
Diseases & Conditions
Medicines for ADHD
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a problem that most often affects children. Adults may be affected as well. People with ADHD may have problems with: ADHD Being able to focusBeing over...
Special Topics
Medicines for back pain
Acute back pain often goes away on its own over several weeks. In some people, back pain persists. It may not go away completely or it may get more painful at times. Medicines can help with your back pain...
Self-Care Instructions
Medicines for osteoporosis
Alendronate (Fosamax); Ibandronate (Boniva); Risedronate (Actonel); Zoledronic acid (Reclast); Raloxifene (Evista); Teriparatide (Forteo); Denosumab (Prolia); Romosozumab (Evenity); Low bone density - medicines...
Special Topics
Medicines for sleep
Benzodiazepines; Sedatives; Hypnotics; Sleeping pills; Insomnia - medicines; Sleep disorder - medicines
Self-Care Instructions
Medicines, injections, and supplements for arthritis
Arthritis - medications; Arthritis - steroid injections; Arthritis - supplements; Arthritis - hyaluronic acid
Self-Care Instructions
Mediterranean diet
Diseases & Conditions
Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It is also the rarest. It is the leading cause of death from skin disease. Other common types of skin cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell...
In-depth Report
Melanoma and other skin cancers - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers.
Diseases & Conditions
Melasma
Melasma is a skin condition that causes patches of dark skin on areas of the face exposed to the sun.
Symptoms
Memory loss
Memory loss is unusual forgetfulness. You may not be able to remember new events, recall one or more memories of the past, or both. The memory loss may be for a short time and then resolve (transient)....
Diseases & Conditions
Meniere disease
Ménière disease is an inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing.
Special Topics
Meningococcal ACWY vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/meningococcal-acwy.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis...
Special Topics
Meningococcal B vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Meningococcal Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/meningococcal-b.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/meningococcal...
Self-Care Instructions
Meniscus tears - aftercare
Knee cartilage tear - aftercare
Diseases & Conditions
Menopause
Menopause is the time in a woman's life when her periods (menstruation) stop. Most often, it is a natural, normal body change that occurs between ages 45 to 55. After menopause, a woman can no longer become...
In-depth Report
Menopause - InDepth
An in-depth report on the treatment of menopause-related symptoms.
In-depth Report
Menstrual disorders - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, treatment, and prevention of menstrual disorders.
Tests
Mental status testing
Mental status testing is done to check a person's thinking ability and to determine if any problems are getting better or worse. It is also called neurocognitive testing.
Diseases & Conditions
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.
Diseases & Conditions
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the chance of having coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. coronary artery disease stroke type 2...
Special Topics
Metabolite
A metabolite is any substance produced during metabolism (digestion or other bodily chemical processes). metabolism The term metabolite may also refer to the product that remains after a medicine is broken...
Discharge Instructions
Metatarsal fracture (acute) - aftercare
Broken foot - metatarsal; Jones fracture; Dancer's fracture; Foot fracture
Self-Care Instructions
Metatarsal stress fractures - aftercare
Broken foot bone; March fracture; March foot; Jones fracture
Diseases & Conditions
Methemoglobinemia
Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is produced. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries and distributes oxygen to the body...
Tests
Microalbuminuria test
This test looks for a protein called albumin in a urine sample. Albumin can also be measured using a blood test or another urine test, called the urine protein test. blood test urine protein test
Diseases & Conditions
Migraine
A migraine is a type of headache. It may occur with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound. In most people, a throbbing pain is felt only on one side of the head.
Special Topics
Migraine - resources
In-depth Report
Migraine headaches - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of migraine.
Discharge Instructions
Mild to moderate COVID-19 - discharge
Coronavirus - 2019 discharge; SARS-CoV-2 discharge; COVID-19 recovery; Coronavirus disease - recovery; Recovering from COVID-19
Diseases & Conditions
Milia
Milia are tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin. They are almost always seen in newborn babies.
Self-Care Instructions
Minor burns - aftercare
Partial thickness burns - aftercare; Minor burns - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Miscarriage
A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy. Pregnancy losses after the 20th week are called stillbirths. Miscarriage is a naturally occurring event, unlike medicine...
Diseases & Conditions
Miscarriage - threatened
A threatened miscarriage is a condition that indicates the potential for a miscarriage or early pregnancy loss. It might take place before the 20th week of pregnancy.
Diseases & Conditions
Mittelschmerz
Mittelschmerz is one-sided, lower abdominal pain that affects some women. It occurs at or around the time when an egg is released from the ovaries (ovulation).
Diseases & Conditions
Molluscum contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes raised, pearl-like papules or nodules on the skin. papules nodules
Diseases & Conditions
Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis, or mono, is a viral infection that causes fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands, most often in the neck.
Tests
Mononucleosis spot test
The mononucleosis spot test looks for 2 antibodies in the blood. These antibodies appear during or after an infection with the virus that causes mononucleosis, or mono. antibodies
Symptoms
Morning sickness
Morning sickness is nausea and vomiting that can occur at any time of the day during pregnancy. nausea and vomiting
Self-Care Instructions
Morning sickness
Pregnancy - morning sickness; Prenatal care - morning sickness
Diseases & Conditions
Morton neuroma
Morton neuroma is an injury to the nerve between the toes that causes thickening and pain. It commonly affects the nerve that travels between the 3rd and 4th toes.
Symptoms
Mouth sores
There are different types of mouth sores. They can occur anywhere in the mouth including bottom of the mouth, inner cheeks, gums, lips, and tongue.
Diseases & Conditions
Mouth ulcers
Mouth ulcers are sores or open lesions in the mouth. ulcers
Self-Care Instructions
Moving a patient from bed to a wheelchair
Pivot turn; Transfer from bed to wheelchair
Special Topics
Mucosa
Mucosa is moist tissue that lines certain parts of the inside of your body. It is in your: NoseMouthLungsDigestive tractUrinary and genital tracts Nose Mouth Lungs Digestive tract Urinary and genital tracts...
Discharge Instructions
Multiple sclerosis - discharge
MS - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Mumps
Mumps is a contagious disease that leads to painful swelling of the salivary glands. The salivary glands produce saliva, a liquid that moistens food and helps you chew and swallow. salivary glands
Diseases & Conditions
Munchausen syndrome by proxy
Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a mental illness and a form of child abuse. The caretaker of a child, most often a mother, either makes up fake symptoms or causes real symptoms to make it look like the...
Symptoms
Muscle aches
Muscle aches and pains are common and can involve more than one muscle. Pain due to muscles can also be felt in ligaments, tendons, and fascia. Fascias are the soft tissues that connect muscles, bones,...
Symptoms
Muscle atrophy
Muscle atrophy is the wasting (thinning) or loss of muscle tissue.
Symptoms
Muscle cramps
Muscle cramps are when a muscle gets tight (contracts) without you trying to tighten it, and it does not relax. Cramps may involve all or part of one or more muscles. The most commonly involved muscle groups...
Diseases & Conditions
Muscle disorder
A muscle disorder causes patterns of weakness, loss of muscle tissue, electromyogram (EMG) findings, or biopsy results that suggest a muscle problem. The muscle disorder can be inherited, such as muscular...
Symptoms
Muscle function loss
Muscle function loss is when a muscle does not work or move normally. The medical term for complete loss of muscle function is paralysis.
Special Topics
Muscle strain treatment
Question: How do you treat a muscle strain? muscle strain Answer: Rest the strained muscle and apply ice for the first few days after the injury. Anti-inflammatory medicines such as ibuprofen, naproxen...
Symptoms
Muscle twitching
Muscle twitches are fine movements of a small area of muscle.
Diseases & Conditions
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term illness that affects many body systems. People with this illness are not able to do their usual activities. Sometimes, they may be...
Diseases & Conditions
Myocarditis - pediatric
Pediatric myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle in an infant or young child.
Tests
Myoglobin blood test
The myoglobin blood test measures the level of the protein myoglobin in the blood.
Myoglobin can also be measured with a urine test. urine test
Tests
Myoglobin urine test
The myoglobin urine test is done to detect the presence of myoglobin in urine. Myoglobin can also be measured with a blood test. blood test
Diseases & Conditions
Myotonia congenita
Myotonia congenita is an inherited condition that affects muscle relaxation. It is congenital, meaning that it is present from birth. It occurs more frequently in northern Scandinavia.
Self-Care Instructions
Myths about drinking alcohol
Special Topics
Métodos anticonceptivos de liberación lenta
Determinados métodos de control de la natalidad contienen formas artificiales de hormonas. Las formas naturales de estas hormonas usualmente se producen en los ovarios de una mujer. Estas hormonas se denominan...
Diseases & Conditions
Nabothian cyst
A nabothian cyst is a lump filled with mucus on the surface of the cervix or cervical canal. The cervix is located at the lower end of the womb (uterus) at the top of the vagina. It is about 1 inch (2....
Symptoms
Nail abnormalities
Nail abnormalities are problems with the color, shape, texture, or thickness of the fingernails or toenails.
Self-Care Instructions
Nail injuries
Nail laceration; Nail avulsion; Nail bed injury; Subungual hematoma
Discharge Instructions
Nasal corticosteroid sprays
Steroid nasal sprays; Allergies - nasal corticosteroid sprays
Self-Care Instructions
Nasal fracture - aftercare
Broken nose
Diseases & Conditions
Nasal polyps
Nasal polyps are soft, sac-like growths on the lining of the nose or sinuses.
Self-Care Instructions
Nasogastric feeding tube
Feeding - nasogastric tube; NG tube; Bolus feeding; Continuous pump feeding; Gavage tube
Tests
Nasopharyngeal culture
Nasopharyngeal culture is a test that examines a sample of secretions from the uppermost part of the throat, behind the nose, to detect organisms that can cause disease.
Symptoms
Natal teeth
Natal teeth are teeth that are already present at birth. They are different from neonatal teeth, which grow in during the first 30 days after birth.
Special Topics
Nausea and acupressure
Symptoms
Nausea and vomiting – adults
Nausea is feeling an urge to vomit. It is often called "being sick to your stomach." Vomiting or throwing-up forces the contents of the stomach up through the food pipe (esophagus) and out of the mouth...
Diseases & Conditions
Nearsightedness
Nearsightedness is when light entering the eye is focused incorrectly. This makes distant objects appear blurred. Nearsightedness is a type of refractive error of the eye. If you are nearsighted, you have...
Symptoms
Neck lump
A neck lump is any lump, bump, or swelling in the neck.
Symptoms
Neck pain
Neck pain is discomfort in any of the structures in the neck. These include the muscles, nerves, bones (vertebrae), joints, and the discs between the bones.
Self-Care Instructions
Neck pain or spasms - self care
Pain - neck - self-care; Neck stiffness - self-care; Cervicalgia - self-care; Whiplash - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is an uncommon skin condition related to diabetes. It results in reddish brown areas of the skin, most commonly on the lower legs. diabetes
Special Topics
Neonatal weight gain and nutrition
Premature babies need to receive good nutrition so they grow at a rate close to that of babies still inside the womb. Premature babies
Special Topics
Neonate
A neonate is a baby who is 4 weeks old or younger.
Self-Care Instructions
Nerve damage from diabetes - self-care
Diabetic neuropathy - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is a very rare type of cancerous tumor that develops from nerve tissue. It usually occurs in infants and children. tumor
Diseases & Conditions
Neurocognitive disorder
Neurocognitive disorder is a general term that describes decreased mental function due to a medical disease other than a psychiatric illness. Neurocognitive disorders are grouped into three subcategories...
Diseases & Conditions
Neuromyelitis optica
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a disorder of the central nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. NMO causes inflammation and damage to the optic nerve and spinal...
Special Topics
Newborn head molding
Newborn head molding is an abnormal head shape that results from pressure on the baby's head during childbirth.
Diseases & Conditions
Newborn jaundice
Newborn jaundice occurs when a baby has a high level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance that the body creates when it replaces old red blood cells. The liver helps break down the...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Newborn jaundice - what to ask your doctor
Jaundice - what to ask your doctor; What to ask your doctor about newborn jaundice
Nutrition
Niacin
Niacin is a type of B vitamin. It is a water-soluble vitamin. It is not stored in the body. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. Leftover amounts of the vitamin leave the body through the urine. The...
Special Topics
Niacin for cholesterol
Antilipemic agent; Vitamin B3; Nicotinic acid; Niaspan; Niacor; Hyperlipidemia - niacin; Hardening of the arteries - niacin; Cholesterol - niacin; Hypercholesterolemia - niacin; Dyslipidemia - niacin
Diseases & Conditions
Nicotine and tobacco
The nicotine in tobacco can be addictive like alcohol, cocaine, and morphine.
Special Topics
Nicotine replacement therapy
Nicotine replacement therapy is a treatment to help people stop smoking. It uses products that supply low doses of nicotine. These products do not contain the other toxins found in smoke. The goal of therapy...
Symptoms
Nightmares
A nightmare is a bad dream that brings out strong feelings of fear, terror, distress, or anxiety. anxiety
Diseases & Conditions
Nipple discharge
Nipple discharge is any fluid that comes out of the nipple area in your breast.
Special Topics
Noninvasive
The term noninvasive can refer to diseases, procedures, or devices.
Noninvasive diseases usually do not spread to or damage other organs and tissues.
Noninvasive procedures do not involve tools that...
Nutrition
Normal growth and development
A child's growth and development can be divided into four periods: InfancyPreschool yearsMiddle childhood yearsAdolescence Infancy Preschool years Middle childhood years Adolescence Soon after birth, an...
Symptoms
Nosebleed
A nosebleed is loss of blood from the tissue lining the nose. Bleeding most often occurs from one nostril only.
Symptoms
Numbness and tingling
Numbness and tingling are abnormal sensations that can occur anywhere in your body, but they are often felt in your fingers, hands, feet, arms, or legs.
Diseases & Conditions
Nummular eczema
Nummular eczema is a dermatitis (skin inflammation) in which itchy, coin-shaped spots or patches appear on the skin. The word nummular is Latin for resembling coins.
Special Topics
Nurse practitioner (NP)
A nurse practitioner (NP) is a nurse with a graduate degree in advanced practice nursing. This type of provider may also be referred to as an ARNP (Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner) or APRN (Advanced...
Diseases & Conditions
Nursemaid's elbow
Nursemaid's elbow is a dislocation of a bone in the elbow called the radius. Dislocation means the bone slips out of its normal position. dislocation The injury is also called radial head dislocation.
Diseases & Conditions
Nut allergies
A nut allergy is a type of immune response triggered by tree nuts and peanuts. Peanuts are legumes, not nuts, but many people who are allergic to peanuts are also allergic to nuts. Nut allergies are a type...
Nutrition
Nutrition and athletic performance
Good nutrition can help enhance athletic performance. An active lifestyle and exercise routine, along with eating well, is the best way to stay healthy. Eating a good diet can help provide the energy you...
Diseases & Conditions
Obesity
Obesity means weighing more than what is healthy for a given height. Obesity is a serious, chronic disease. It can lead to other health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers.
Diseases & Conditions
Obesity in children
Obesity in children means having a weight that is higher than what is healthy for a child’s height. Obesity is a serious, chronic disease. Over time, it can lead to other health problems, including diabetes...
Diseases & Conditions
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), and behaviors that drive them to do something over...
Diseases & Conditions
Occupational asthma
Occupational asthma is a lung disorder in which substances found in the workplace cause the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow. This leads to attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness...
Diseases & Conditions
Occupational hearing loss
Occupational hearing loss is damage to the inner ear from noise or vibrations due to certain types of jobs.
Special Topics
Oily hair
Oily hair is the result of the oil (sebaceous) glands in the scalp producing large amounts of oil.
Special Topics
Oily skin
Oily skin is the result of the oil (sebaceous) glands in the skin producing large amounts of oil.
Special Topics
Omega-3 fats - Good for your heart
Cholesterol - omega-3s; Atherosclerosis - omega-3s; Hardening of the arteries - omega-3s; Coronary artery disease - omega-3s; Heart disease - omega-3s
Special Topics
Online health information - what can you trust?
Tests
Ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy is an examination of the back part of the eye (fundus), which includes the retina, optic disc, choroid, and blood vessels. retina choroid
Diseases & Conditions
Opiate and opioid withdrawal
Opiates or opioids are drugs used to treat pain. Opiates are derived from plants and opioids are synthetic drugs that have the same actions as opiates. The term narcotic refers to either type of drug. If...
Diseases & Conditions
Opioid intoxication
Opioid-based medicines include morphine, oxycodone, and synthetic (man-made) opioid narcotics, such as fentanyl. They are often prescribed to treat pain after an injury, surgery, or a dental procedure...
Diseases & Conditions
Oppositional defiant disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder is a pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures.
Diseases & Conditions
Oral human papillomavirus infection
Human papillomavirus infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection. The infection is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV can cause genital warts and lead to cervical cancer. Certain...
Self-Care Instructions
Oral mucositis - self-care
Cancer treatment - mucositis; Cancer treatment - mouth pain; Cancer treatment - mouth sores; Chemotherapy - mucositis; Chemotherapy - mouth pain; Chemotherapy - mouth sores; Radiation therapy - mucositis...
Diseases & Conditions
Oral mucous cyst
An oral mucous cyst is a painless, thin sac on the inner surface of the mouth. It contains clear fluid. cyst
Diseases & Conditions
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a painful swelling of the bump on the upper part of the shinbone, just below the knee. This bump is called the anterior tibial tubercle.
Tests
Osmolality blood test
Osmolality blood test is a test that measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Osmolality in the urine can be measured with a urine test. urine test
Tests
Osmolality urine test
The osmolality urine test measures the concentration of chemicals in urine. Osmolality in the blood can be measured using a blood test. blood test
Diseases & Conditions
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder. It is due to aging and wear and tear on a joint.
In-depth Report
Osteoarthritis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the most common form of arthritis.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break (fracture). break
In-depth Report
Osteoporosis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis.
Diseases & Conditions
Otitis
Otitis is a term for infection or inflammation of the ear.
Diseases & Conditions
Otitis media with effusion
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is thick or sticky fluid behind the eardrum in the middle ear. It occurs without an ear infection. ear infection Note: This article is intended to be applicable to children...
Special Topics
Outdoor fitness routine
Exercise - outdoors
Special Topics
Over-the-counter medicines
You can buy many medicines for minor problems at the store without a prescription (over-the-counter). Important tips for using over-the-counter medicines: Always follow the printed directions and warnings...
Special Topics
Over-the-counter pain relievers
Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers can help relieve pain or lower a fever. Over-the-counter means you can buy these medicines without a prescription. fever The most common types of OTC pain medicines...
Nutrition
Overcoming breastfeeding problems
Health experts agree that breastfeeding is the healthiest option for both mom and baby. They recommend that babies feed only on breast milk for the first 6 months, and then continue to have breast milk...
Special Topics
Overcoming job stress
Symptoms
Overweight
Overweight and obesity mean having a weight than is higher than what is healthy for a given height. A person may be overweight from extra muscle, bone, or water, as well as too much fat. But both terms...
Tests
PPD skin test
The PPD skin test is a method used to diagnose silent (latent) tuberculosis (TB) infection. PPD stands for purified protein derivative. tuberculosis
Self-Care Instructions
Pain and your emotions
Special Topics
Pain medications - narcotics
Narcotics are also called opioid pain relievers. They are only used for pain that is severe and is not helped by other types of painkillers. When used carefully and under a health care provider's direct...
Symptoms
Painful menstrual periods
Painful menstrual periods are periods in which a woman has crampy lower abdominal pain, which can be sharp or aching and come and go. Back pain and/or leg pain may also be present. Some pain during your...
Symptoms
Painful swallowing
Painful swallowing is any pain or discomfort while swallowing. You may feel it high in the neck or lower down behind the breastbone. Most often, the pain feels like a strong sensation of squeezing or burning...
Symptoms
Paleness
Paleness is an abnormal loss of color from normal skin or mucous membranes. mucous membranes
Special Topics
Palliative care - fear and anxiety
End of life care - fear and anxiety; Hospice care - fear and anxiety
Self-Care Instructions
Palliative care - fluid, food, and digestion
Constipation - palliative care; End of life - digestion; Hospice - digestion
Self-Care Instructions
Palliative care - managing pain
End of life - pain management; Hospice - pain management
Special Topics
Palliative care - shortness of breath
Dyspnea - end-of-life; Hospice care - shortness of breath
Special Topics
Palliative care - what the final days are like
End of life - final days; Hospice - final days
Special Topics
Palpation
Palpation is a method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination. The health care provider touches and feels your body to examine the size, consistency, texture, location, and tenderness...
Discharge Instructions
Pancreatitis - discharge
Chronic pancreatitis - discharge; Pancreatitis - chronic - discharge; Pancreatic insufficiency - discharge; Acute pancreatitis - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Panic disorder
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder in which you have repeated attacks of intense fear that something bad will happen.
Nutrition
Pantothenic acid and biotin
Pantothenic acid (B5) and biotin (B7) are types of B vitamins. They are water-soluble, which means that the body can't store them. If the body can't use the entire vitamin, the extra amount leaves the body...
Tests
Pap test
The Pap test mainly checks for changes in the cervix that may turn into cervical cancer. Cells scraped from the opening of the cervix are examined under a microscope. The cervix is the lower part of the...
Tests
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) blood test
The PTH test measures the level of parathyroid hormone in the blood. PTH stands for parathyroid hormone. It is a protein hormone released by the parathyroid gland. A laboratory test can be done to measure...
Diseases & Conditions
Parkinson disease
Parkinson disease results from certain brain cells dying. These cells help control movement and coordination. The disease leads to shaking (tremors) and trouble walking and moving. tremors trouble walking...
In-depth Report
Parkinson disease - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of Parkinson disease.
Discharge Instructions
Parkinson disease - discharge
Paralysis agitans - discharge; Shaking palsy - discharge; PD - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Paronychia
Paronychia is a skin infection that occurs around the nails.
Tests
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot. It can help tell if you have a bleeding problem or if your blood does not clot properly. This test measures...
Special Topics
Patient portals - an online tool for your health
Personal health record (PHR)
Special Topics
Pedicle
A pedicle is a stem or stalk of tissue that connects parts of the body to each other. Skin tags are small pieces of skin tissue that connect to the body with a pedicle. Skin tags
Diseases & Conditions
Pellagra
Pellagra is a disease that occurs when a person does not get enough niacin (one of the B complex vitamins) or tryptophan (an amino acid). niacin tryptophan
Special Topics
Pelvic floor muscle training exercises
Pelvic floor muscle training exercises are a series of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor.
Diseases & Conditions
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a woman's womb (uterus), ovaries, or fallopian tubes.
Self-Care Instructions
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - aftercare
PID - aftercare; Oophoritis - aftercare; Salpingitis - aftercare; Salpingo - oophoritis - aftercare; Salpingo - peritonitis - aftercare; STD - PID aftercare; Sexually transmitted disease - PID aftercare...
Diseases & Conditions
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disorder of the skin. It involves blistering and sores (erosions) of the skin and mucous membranes. autoimmune disorder mucous membranes
Special Topics
Penis care (uncircumcised)
Symptoms
Penis pain
Penis pain is any pain or discomfort in the penis. penis
Diseases & Conditions
Peptic ulcer
A peptic ulcer is an open sore or raw area in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or in the first part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). There are two types of peptic ulcers: Gastric ulcer...
Discharge Instructions
Peptic ulcer disease - discharge
Ulcer - peptic - discharge; Ulcer - duodenal - discharge; Ulcer - gastric - discharge; Duodenal ulcer - discharge; Gastric ulcer - discharge; Dyspepsia - ulcer - discharge; Peptic ulcer discharge
In-depth Report
Peptic ulcers - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stomach and gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers.
Special Topics
Percussion
Percussion is a method of tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments as part of a physical examination. It is done to determine: physical examination The size, consistency, and borders...
Diseases & Conditions
Perioral dermatitis
Perioral dermatitis is a skin disorder resembling acne or rosacea. In most cases, it involves tiny red bumps that form on the lower half of the face in the folds of the nose and around the mouth. acne rosacea
Special Topics
Peripheral
Peripheral means "away from the center." It refers to areas away from the center of the body or a body part. For example, the hands are peripheral to the shoulder. The toes are peripheral to the knees.
Diseases & Conditions
Peripheral artery disease - legs
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a condition of the blood vessels that supply the legs and feet. It occurs due to narrowing of the arteries in the legs. This causes decreased blood flow, which can injure...
In-depth Report
Peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Self-Care Instructions
Peripheral artery disease of the legs - self-care
Peripheral vascular disease - self-care; Intermittent claudication - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Pernicious anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Anemia Pernicious anemia is a decrease...
Diseases & Conditions
Persistent depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a chronic (ongoing) type of depression in which a person's moods are regularly low. chronic Persistent depressive disorder used to be called dysthymia.
Diseases & Conditions
Pertussis
Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease that causes uncontrollable, violent coughing. The coughing can make it hard to breathe. A deep "whooping" sound is often heard when the person tries to...
Special Topics
Pesticides on fruits and vegetables
Special Topics
Pets and the immunocompromised person
If you have a weak immune system, having a pet can put you at risk for serious illness from diseases that can spread from animals to humans. Learn what you can do to protect yourself and stay healthy.
Tests
Pharmacogenetic testing
Pharmacogenetic testing provides information about your genes and how they control your response to certain medicines. Your genes can affect the desired result of a drug. Your provider can use the information...
Special Topics
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genes affect the way medicines work in a person. Your health care provider can use the information from pharmacogenetic testing to prescribe medicines that will work...
Diseases & Conditions
Pharyngitis - sore throat
Pharyngitis, or sore throat, is discomfort, pain, or scratchiness in the throat. It often makes it painful to swallow.
Diseases & Conditions
Pharyngitis - viral
Pharyngitis is swelling in the throat at and just below the tonsils that causes discomfort, pain, or scratchiness. It is often called a "sore throat". Pharyngitis
Diseases & Conditions
Phobia - simple/specific
A phobia is an ongoing intense fear or anxiety of a certain object, animal, activity, or setting that poses little to no actual danger.
Tests
Phosphorus blood test
The phosphorus blood test measures the amount of phosphate in the blood.
Nutrition
Phosphorus in diet
Phosphorus is a mineral that makes up 1% of a person's total body weight. It is the second most abundant mineral in the body. It is present in every cell of the body. Most of the phosphorus in the body...
Symptoms
Photophobia
Photophobia is eye discomfort in bright light.
Special Topics
Physical activity
Physical activity -- which includes an active lifestyle and routine exercise -- plus eating well, is the best way to stay healthy.
Special Topics
Physical exam frequency
Even if you feel fine, you should still see your health care provider for regular checkups. These visits can help you avoid problems in the future. For example, the only way to find out if you have high...
Special Topics
Physical examination
During a physical examination, a health care provider checks your body to determine if you do or do not have a physical problem. A physical examination usually includes: Inspection (looking at the body...
Special Topics
Physician Assistant profession (PA)
Tests
Pinworm test
A pinworm test is a method used to identify a pinworm infection. Pinworms are small, thin worms that commonly infect young children, although anyone can be infected. pinworm
Diseases & Conditions
Pinworms
Pinworms are small worms that infect the intestines.
Self-Care Instructions
Piriformis syndrome
Pseudosciatica; Wallet sciatica; Hip socket neuropathy; Pelvic outlet syndrome; Low back pain - piriformis
Diseases & Conditions
Pityriasis rosea
Pityriasis rosea is a common type of skin rash most often seen in young adults.
Diseases & Conditions
Plantar fasciitis
The plantar fascia is the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot. It connects the heel bone to the toes and creates the arch of the foot. When this tissue becomes swollen or inflamed, it is called plantar...
Special Topics
Plaque and tartar on teeth
Plaque is a sticky film that coats teeth and contains bacteria. If plaque is not removed on a regular basis, it will harden and turn into tartar (calculus).
Tests
Platelet count
A platelet count is a lab test to measure how many platelets you have in your blood. Platelets are particles in the blood that help the blood clot. They are smaller than red or white blood cells.
Special Topics
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - what you need to know
Content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/pneumococcal-conjugate.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/pneumococcal-conjugate.html
Special Topics
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): CDC review information for Pneumococcal Polysaccharide VIS: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp...
Diseases & Conditions
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a fungal infection of the lungs. The disease used to be called Pneumocystis carinii or PCP pneumonia. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumocystis carinii
In-depth Report
Pneumonia - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pneumonia.
Discharge Instructions
Pneumonia in adults - discharge
Bronchopneumonia adults - discharge; Lung infection adults - discharge
Symptoms
Point tenderness - abdomen
Abdominal point tenderness is the localized pain you feel when pressure is placed over a certain part of the belly area (abdomen).
Injury
Poison ivy - oak - sumac rash
Poison ivy, oak, and sumac are plants that commonly cause an allergic skin reaction. This is also called an allergic contact dermatitis. The result is most often an itchy, red rash with bumps or blisters...
Special Topics
Poisoning
Special Topics
Polio vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Polio Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/polio.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/polio.html
Diseases & Conditions
Polycythemia - newborn
Polycythemia means there are too many red blood cells (RBCs) in an infant's blood.
Diseases & Conditions
Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a bone marrow disease that leads to an abnormal increase in the number of blood cells. The red blood cells are the most affected blood cell type.
Tests
Polyp biopsy
A polyp biopsy is a test that takes a sample of, or removes, polyps (abnormal growths) for examination. biopsy
Self-Care Instructions
Portion size
Obesity - portion size; Overweight - portion size; Weight-loss - portion size; Healthy diet - portion size
Self-Care Instructions
Positioning your baby for breastfeeding
Breastfeeding positions; Bonding with your baby
Diseases & Conditions
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety disorder. It can occur after you have gone through an extreme emotional trauma that involved the threat of injury or death. anxiety disorder
Self-Care Instructions
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury - aftercare
Cruciate ligament injury - aftercare; PCL injury - aftercare; Knee injury - posterior cruciate ligament
Self-Care Instructions
Postherpetic neuralgia - aftercare
Herpes zoster - postherpetic neuralgia; Varicella-zoster - postherpetic neuralgia; Shingles - pain; PHN
Discharge Instructions
Postsurgical pain treatment in adults
Postoperative pain relief
Nutrition
Potassium in diet
Potassium is a mineral that your body needs to work properly. It is a type of electrolyte. electrolyte
Tests
Potassium test
This test measures the amount of potassium in the fluid portion (serum) of the blood. Potassium (K+) helps nerves and muscles communicate. It also helps move nutrients into cells and waste products out...
Tests
Potassium urine test
The potassium urine test measures the amount of potassium in the urine.
Self-Care Instructions
Prediabetes
Impaired fasting glucose - prediabetes; Impaired glucose tolerance - prediabetes
Special Topics
Pregnancy - identifying fertile days
Fertile days are the days a woman is most likely to get pregnant. Infertility is a related topic. Infertility
Self-Care Instructions
Pregnancy and travel
Prenatal care - travel
Self-Care Instructions
Pregnancy and work
Prenatal care - work
Tests
Pregnancy test
A pregnancy test measures a hormone in the body called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG or hCG). HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy. It appears in the blood and urine of pregnant women as early...
Diseases & Conditions
Premature ejaculation
Premature ejaculation is when a man has an orgasm sooner than desired during intercourse.
Symptoms
Premenstrual breast changes
Premenstrual swelling and tenderness of both breasts often occurs during the second half of the menstrual cycle.
Diseases & Conditions
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition in which a woman has severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation. The symptoms of PMDD are more severe than those seen...
Diseases & Conditions
Premenstrual syndrome
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a wide range of symptoms. The symptoms start during the second half of the menstrual cycle (14 or more days after the first day of your last menstrual period). These...
In-depth Report
Premenstrual syndrome - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Self-Care Instructions
Premenstrual syndrome - self-care
PMS - self-care; Premenstrual dysphoric disorder - self-care
Self-Care Instructions
Prenatal care in your first trimester
Pregnancy care - first trimester
Self-Care Instructions
Prenatal care in your second trimester
Pregnancy care - second trimester
Self-Care Instructions
Prenatal care in your third trimester
Pregnancy third trimester
Self-Care Instructions
Preparing children for pregnancy and a new baby
Siblings - new baby; Older children - new baby; Prenatal care - preparing children
Special Topics
Preschooler development
The normal social and physical development of children ages 3 to 6 years old includes many developmental milestones.
Self-Care Instructions
Preventing falls
Home safety; Safety in the home; Fall prevention
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Preventing falls - what to ask your doctor
Fall prevention - what to ask your doctor
Special Topics
Preventing food poisoning
To prevent food poisoning, take the following steps when preparing food: food poisoning Carefully wash your hands often, and always before cooking or cleaning. Always wash them again after touching raw...
Self-Care Instructions
Preventing head injuries in children
Concussion - preventing in children; Traumatic brain injury - preventing in children; TBI - children; Safety - preventing head injury
Self-Care Instructions
Preventing hepatitis A
Self-Care Instructions
Preventing hepatitis B or C
Special Topics
Preventing stroke
Stroke - prevention; CVA - prevention; Cerebral vascular accident - prevention; TIA - prevention; Transient ischemic attack - prevention
Special Topics
Preventive health care
Diseases & Conditions
Proctitis
Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum. It can cause discomfort, bleeding, and the discharge of mucus or pus.
Symptoms
Prognathism
Prognathism is an extension or bulging out (protrusion) of the lower jaw (mandible). It occurs when the teeth are not properly aligned due to the shape of the face bones.
Tests
Prolactin blood test
Prolactin is a hormone released by the pituitary gland. The prolactin blood test measures the amount of prolactin in the blood.
Special Topics
Proliferation
Proliferation is the growth of tissue cells. In many diseases, it is abnormal. Cancer cells are very prolific. They have higher than normal rates of cell division and growth. Cancer
Diseases & Conditions
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate gland. The prostate is a small, walnut-shaped structure that makes up part of a man's reproductive system. It wraps around the urethra, the tube that...
In-depth Report
Prostate cancer - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of prostate cancer.
Special Topics
Prostate cancer screening
Prostate cancer screening - PSA; Prostate cancer screening - digital rectal exam; Prostate cancer screening - DRE
Discharge Instructions
Prostate cancer staging
Discharge Instructions
Prostate radiation - discharge
Radiation - pelvis - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Prostatitis - bacterial
Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. This problem can be caused by an infection with bacteria. However, this is not a common cause. Acute prostatitis starts quickly. Long-term (chronic) prostatitis...
Self-Care Instructions
Prostatitis - bacterial - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Prostatitis - nonbacterial
Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis causes long-term pain and urinary symptoms. It involves the prostate gland or other parts of a man's lower urinary tract or genital area. This condition is not caused by...
Special Topics
Prosthesis
A prosthesis is a device designed to replace a missing part of the body or to make a part of the body work better. Diseased or missing eyes, arms, hands, legs, or joints are commonly replaced by prosthetic...
Tests
Protein C blood test
Protein C is a normal substance in the body that prevents blood clotting. A blood test can be done to see how much of this protein you have in your blood. Protein C is a normal substance in the body that...
Tests
Protein S blood test
Protein S is a normal substance in your body that prevents blood clotting. A blood test can be done to see how much of this protein you have in your blood. Protein S is a normal substance in your body that...
Nutrition
Protein in diet
Proteins are the building blocks of life. Every cell in the human body contains protein. The basic structure of protein is a chain of amino acids. amino acids You need protein in your diet to help your...
Diseases & Conditions
Prothrombin deficiency
Prothrombin deficiency is a disorder caused by the lack of a protein in the blood called prothrombin. It leads to problems with blood clotting (coagulation). Prothrombin is also known as factor II (two...
Tests
Prothrombin time (PT)
Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of your blood to clot. It measures the function of a part of the clotting system. A related blood test...
Discharge Instructions
Proton pump inhibitors
PPIs
Special Topics
Protuberance
A protuberance is a body part that bulges (protrudes) outward from a surface. For example, the ears protrude from the head.
Special Topics
Proximal
Proximal means nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body. If another reference point is given, such as the heart, the proximal point of another organ or extremity...
Tests
Prueba para el VPH
La prueba para el VPH se usa para buscar una infección con tipos de VPH asociados con el cáncer cervical. Por lo general, la prueba busca 14 tipos diferentes de VPH. El VPH tipo 16 y el VPH tipo 18 están...
Diseases & Conditions
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes skin redness, silvery scales, and irritation. Most people with psoriasis have thick, red, well-defined patches of skin with flaky, silver-white scales. This is...
In-depth Report
Psoriasis-In-Depth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psoriasis.
Special Topics
Puberty in boys
Well child - puberty in boys; Development - puberty in boys
Special Topics
Puberty in girls
Well child - puberty in girls; Development - puberty in girls; Menstruation - puberty in girls; Breast development - puberty in girls
Diseases & Conditions
Pubic lice
Pubic lice are tiny wingless insects that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs there. These lice can also be found in armpit hair, eyebrows, mustache, beard, around the anus, and eyelashes (in children...
Self-Care Instructions
Pulling a patient up in bed
Moving a patient in bed
Tests
Pulse
The pulse is the number of heartbeats per minute.
Symptoms
Pulse - bounding
A bounding pulse is a strong throbbing felt over one of the arteries in the body. It is due to a forceful heartbeat. pulse
Symptoms
Purpura
Purpura is purple-colored spots and patches that occur on the skin, and in mucus membranes, including the lining of the mouth.
Symptoms
Pustules
Pustules are small, inflamed, pus-filled, blister-like sores (lesions) on the skin surface.
Diseases & Conditions
Q fever
Q fever is an infectious disease caused by bacteria spread by domestic and wild animals and ticks. ticks
Tests
Quantitative immunoglobulins
The quantitative immunoglobulins test measures the levels of proteins called gamma globulins in the fluid part of a blood sample. This fluid is called serum.
Tests
Quantitative nephelometry test
Quantitative nephelometry is a lab test to quickly and accurately measure levels of certain proteins called immunoglobulins in the blood. Immunoglobulins are antibodies that help fight infection. antibodies...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Questions to ask your doctor about getting pregnant
What to ask your doctor - pregnancy; What to ask your doctor - conception; Questions - infertility
Tests
RBC count
An RBC count is a blood test that measures how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have. RBCs contain hemoglobin, a protein which carries oxygen. How much oxygen your body tissues get depends on how many RBCs...
Tests
RBC indices
Red blood cell (RBC) indices are part of the complete blood count (CBC) test. They are usually used to help diagnose the cause of anemia, a condition in which there are too few red blood cells. complete...
Tests
RBC urine test
The RBC urine test measures the number of red blood cells in a urine sample.
Tests
RPR test
RPR (rapid plasma reagin) is a screening test for syphilis. It measures substances (proteins) called antibodies that are present in the blood of people who may have the disease. syphilis antibodies
Special Topics
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/rsv.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis...
Self-Care Instructions
Radial head fracture - aftercare
Elbow fracture - radial head - aftercare
Diseases & Conditions
Radial nerve dysfunction
Radial nerve dysfunction is a problem with the radial nerve. This is the nerve that travels from the armpit down the back of the arm to the hand. It helps you move your arm, wrist, and hand.
Diseases & Conditions
Radiation enteritis
Radiation enteritis is damage to the lining of the intestines (bowels) caused by radiation therapy, which is used for some types of cancer treatment. enteritis radiation therapy
Surgery
Radiofrequency ablation for chronic pain
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a procedure that uses radio waves to heat up and kill tissue. When used to treat pain, RFA is used to target and kill nerve tissue. This blocks the nerve from sending pain...
Symptoms
Rash - child under 2 years
A rash is a change in the color or texture of the skin. A skin rash can be: BumpyFlatRed, skin-colored, or slightly lighter or darker than skin colorScaly Bumpy Flat Red, skin-colored, or slightly lighter...
Symptoms
Rashes
Rashes involve changes in the color, feeling or texture of your skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Reactive attachment disorder of infancy or early childhood
Reactive attachment disorder is a problem in which a child is not able to easily form a normal or loving relationship with others. It is considered to be a result of not forming an attachment to any specific...
Self-Care Instructions
Recognizing teen depression
Special Topics
Recombinant zoster (shingles) vaccine, RZV - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Recombinant Shingles Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/shingles. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/shingles...
Special Topics
Recovering after stroke
A stroke happens when blood flow to any part of the brain stops. stroke Each person has a different recovery time and need for long-term care. Problems with moving, thinking, and talking often improve in...
Symptoms
Rectal bleeding
Rectal bleeding is when blood passes from the rectum or anus. Bleeding may be noted on the stool or be seen as blood on toilet paper or in the toilet. The blood may be bright red. The term "hematochezia...
Tests
Rectal culture
Rectal culture is a lab test to identify bacteria and other germs in the rectum that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and disease.
Diseases & Conditions
Rectal prolapse
Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum sags and comes through the anal opening.
Diseases & Conditions
Red birthmarks
Red birthmarks are skin markings created by blood vessels close to the skin surface. They develop before or shortly after birth.
Self-Care Instructions
Relaxation techniques for stress
Relaxation response techniques; Relaxation exercises
Special Topics
Remembering tips
People who have mild memory loss can use a number of techniques to help with remembering things. Below are some tips.
Tests
Renin blood test
The renin test measures the level of renin in blood.
Special Topics
Resources
Diseases & Conditions
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a very common virus that leads to mild, cold-like symptoms in adults and older healthy children. It can be more serious in young babies and older adults, especially...
Special Topics
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) preventive antibody - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Preventive Antibody Immunization Information Statement (IIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/rsv/immunization-information...
Special Topics
Respiratory viruses and face masks
COVID-19 - face coverings; Coronavirus - face masks; Respiratory viruses - face coverings
Self-Care Instructions
Responsible drinking
Alcohol use disorder - responsible drinking; Drinking alcohol responsibly; Drinking in moderation; Alcoholism - responsible drinking
Tests
Reticulocyte count
Reticulocytes are slightly immature red blood cells. A reticulocyte count is a blood test that measures the amount of these cells in the blood.
Diseases & Conditions
Retroperitoneal inflammation
Retroperitoneal inflammation causes swelling that occurs in the retroperitoneal space. Over time, it can lead to a mass behind the abdomen and its contents called retroperitoneal fibrosis. retroperitoneal...
Diseases & Conditions
Retroversion of the uterus
Retroversion of the uterus occurs when a woman's uterus (womb) tilts backward rather than forward. It is commonly called a "tipped uterus."
Self-Care Instructions
Returning to sports after a back injury
Back injury - returning to sports; Sciatica - returning to sports; Herniated disc - returning to sports; Herniated disk - returning to sports; Spinal stenosis - returning to sports; Back pain - returning...
Surgery
Reverse total shoulder replacement
Reverse total shoulder replacement is surgery to replace the damaged parts of the shoulder joint with artificial parts. This type of surgery may be used for people who cannot have regular shoulder replacement...
Discharge Instructions
Reverse total shoulder replacement - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is a disease that may develop after an infection with group A streptococcus bacteria (such as strep throat or scarlet fever). It can cause severe illness in the heart, joints, skin, and...
Diseases & Conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. It is a long-term disease. It can also affect other organs.
In-depth Report
Rheumatoid arthritis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis.
Self-Care Instructions
Rib fracture - aftercare
Broken rib - aftercare
Symptoms
Ribcage pain
Ribcage pain includes any pain or discomfort in the area of the ribs.
Nutrition
Riboflavin
Riboflavin is a type of B vitamin. It is water soluble, which means it is not stored in the body. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. Leftover amounts of the vitamin leave the body through the urine...
Diseases & Conditions
Rickettsialpox
Rickettsialpox is a disease spread by a mite. It causes a chickenpox-like rash on the body. rash
Diseases & Conditions
Ringworm
Ringworm is a skin infection due to a fungus. Often, there are several patches of ringworm on the skin at once. The medical name for ringworm is tinea.
Diseases & Conditions
Ringworm of the body
Ringworm is a skin infection that is caused by fungi. It is also called tinea. Ringworm Related skin fungus infections may appear: On the scalpIn a man's beardIn the groin (jock itch)Between the toes (athlete...
Diseases & Conditions
Ringworm of the scalp
Ringworm of the scalp is a fungal infection that affects the scalp. It is also called tinea capitis. Related ringworm infections may be found: In a man's beardIn the groin (jock itch)Between the toes (athlete...
Special Topics
Risks of tobacco
Knowing the serious health risks of using tobacco may help motivate you to quit. Using tobacco over a long time can increase your risk for many health problems.
Self-Care Instructions
Risks of underage drinking
Risky drinking - teen; Alcohol - underage drinking; Problem underage drinking; Underage drinking - risks
Diseases & Conditions
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a disease caused by a type of bacteria carried by ticks.
Diseases & Conditions
Rosacea
Rosacea is a chronic skin problem that makes your face turn red. It may also cause swelling and skin sores that look like acne. acne
Self-Care Instructions
Rotator cuff - self-care
Self-Care Instructions
Rotator cuff exercises
Shoulder exercises
Diseases & Conditions
Rotator cuff problems
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that attach to the bones of the shoulder joint, allowing the shoulder to move and keep it stable. Rotator cuff tendinitis refers to irritation of these...
Tests
Rotavirus antigen test
The rotavirus antigen test detects rotavirus in the feces. This is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in children. diarrhea
Special Topics
Rotavirus vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Rotavirus Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/rotavirus. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/rotavirus.html
Symptoms
Ruidos respiratorios
Los ruidos respiratorios son los producidos por las estructuras de los pulmones durante la respiración.
Self-Care Instructions
Sacroiliac joint pain - aftercare
SIJ pain - aftercare; SIJ dysfunction - aftercare; SIJ strain - aftercare; SIJ subluxation - aftercare; SIJ syndrome - aftercare; SI joint - aftercare
Special Topics
Safe driving for teens
Learning to drive is an exciting time for teenagers and their parents. It opens up many options for a young person, but it also carries risks. Young people from ages 15 to 24 have the highest rate of auto...
Special Topics
Safe sex
Safe sex means taking steps before and during sex that can prevent you from getting an infection, or from giving an infection to your partner. These steps can make sex safer but not 100% safe.
Special Topics
Salads and nutrients
Self-Care Instructions
Saline nasal washes
Salt water washes; Nasal irrigation; Nasal lavage; Sinusitis - nasal wash
Diseases & Conditions
Salmonella enterocolitis
Salmonella enterocolitis is a bacterial infection in the lining of the small intestine that is caused by Salmonella bacteria. It is a type of food poisoning.
Symptoms
Satiety - early
Satiety is the satisfied feeling of being full after eating. Early satiety is feeling full sooner than normal or after eating less than usual.
Special Topics
Savings account for health care costs
Health savings accounts; Flexible spending accounts; Medical savings accounts; Health reimbursement arrangements; HSA; MSA; Archer MSA; FSA; HRA
Diseases & Conditions
Scabies
Scabies is an easily-spread skin disease caused by a very small mite.
Diseases & Conditions
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is caused by an infection with bacteria called group A streptococcus. This is the same bacteria that cause strep throat. . strep throat
Tests
Schilling test
The Schilling test can determine whether the body absorbs vitamin B12 normally. It helps assess the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. This test is rarely, if ever, done today. vitamin B12
Diseases & Conditions
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has a lifelong pattern of indifference to others and social isolation.
Special Topics
School-age children development
School-age child development describes the expected physical, emotional, and mental abilities of children ages 6 to 12 years.
Diseases & Conditions
Sciatica
Sciatica refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg. It is caused by injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve. Sciatica is a symptom of a medical problem. It is not a medical condition...
Diseases & Conditions
Scleredema diabeticorum
Scleredema diabeticorum is a skin condition that occurs in some people with diabetes. It causes skin to become thick and hard on the back of the neck, shoulders, arms, and upper back.
Diseases & Conditions
Scoliosis
Scoliosis is an abnormal curving of the spine. Your spine is your backbone. It runs straight down your back. Everyone's spine naturally curves a bit. But people with scoliosis have a spine that curves too...
In-depth Report
Scoliosis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of scoliosis.
Injury
Scrape
A scrape is an area where the skin is rubbed off. It usually occurs after you fall or hit something. A scrape is often not serious. But it can be painful and may bleed slightly.
Self-Care Instructions
Screen time and children
Tests
Screening and diagnosis for HIV
In general, testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a 2-step process that involves a screening test and follow-up tests often called confirmatory tests. human immunodeficiency virus
Diseases & Conditions
Scrotal masses
A scrotal mass is a lump or bulge that can be felt in the scrotum. The scrotum is the sac that contains the testicles.
Symptoms
Scrotal swelling
Scrotal swelling is abnormal enlargement of the scrotum. This is the name for the sac surrounding the testicles.
Diseases & Conditions
Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease that occurs when you have a severe lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in your diet. Scurvy causes general weakness, anemia, gum disease, poor wound healing, and skin hemorrhages. anemia...
Diseases & Conditions
Seasonal affective disorder
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at a certain time of the year, usually in winter. depression
Diseases & Conditions
Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition. It causes flaky, white to yellowish scales to form on oily areas such as the scalp, face, or inside the ear. It can occur with or without reddened...
Diseases & Conditions
Seborrheic keratosis
Seborrheic keratosis is a condition that causes colored growths on the skin that sometimes resemble warts. The growths are noncancerous (benign). benign
Symptoms
Seizures
A seizure is the physical changes in behavior that occurs during an episode of specific types of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The term "seizure" is often used interchangeably with "convulsion...
Diseases & Conditions
Selective deficiency of IgA
Selective deficiency of IgA is the most common immune deficiency disorder. People with this disorder have a low or absent level of a blood protein called immunoglobulin A. immune deficiency disorder
Nutrition
Selenium in diet
Selenium is an essential trace element. This means your body must get this mineral in the food you eat. Small amounts of selenium are good for your health.
Tests
Semen analysis
Semen analysis measures the amount and quality of a man's semen and sperm. Semen is the thick, white fluid released during ejaculation that contains sperm. This test is sometimes called a sperm count.
Tests
Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis determines the effectiveness of antibiotics against microorganisms (germs) such as bacteria that have been isolated from cultures. Sensitivity analysis may be done along with: Blood...
Symptoms
Sensorineural deafness
Sensorineural deafness is a type of hearing loss. It occurs from damage to the inner ear, the place of origin of the nerve that runs from the ear to the brain (auditory nerve), or damage to the brain itself...
Diseases & Conditions
Separation anxiety in children
Separation anxiety in children is a developmental stage in which the child is anxious when separated from their primary caregiver (usually the mother).
Diseases & Conditions
Septic shock
Septic shock is a serious condition that occurs when a body-wide infection leads to dangerously low blood pressure.
Tests
Serotonin blood test
The serotonin test measures the level of serotonin in the blood.
Tests
Serum herpes simplex antibodies
Serum herpes simplex antibodies is a blood test that looks for antibodies to the herpes simplex virus (HSV), including HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 most often causes cold sores (oral herpes). HSV-2 most often...
Tests
Serum iron test
A serum iron test measures how much iron is in your blood.
Tests
Serum progesterone
Serum progesterone is a test to measure the amount of progesterone in the blood. Progesterone is a hormone produced mainly in the ovaries. Progesterone plays a key role in pregnancy. It is produced after...
Diseases & Conditions
Serum sickness
Serum sickness is a reaction that is similar to an allergy. The immune system reacts to medicines that contain proteins used to treat immune conditions. It can also react to antiserum, the liquid part of...
Discharge Instructions
Severe COVID-19 - discharge
Severe coronavirus 2019 - discharge; Severe SARS-CoV-2 - discharge
Special Topics
Sexual abuse in children - what to know
Sexual abuse - children
Special Topics
Sexual assault - prevention
Sexual assault is any type of sexual activity or contact that occurs without your consent. This includes rape (forced penetration) and unwanted sexual touching. Sexual assault Sexual assault is always the...
Special Topics
Sexual violence
Sexual violence is any sexual activity or contact that occurs without your consent. It may involve physical force or the threat of force. It may occur due to coercion or threats. If you have been the victim...
Special Topics
Shared decision making
Patient-centered care; SDM
Diseases & Conditions
Shigellosis
Shigellosis is a bacterial infection of the lining of the intestines. It is caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella.
Self-Care Instructions
Shin splints - self-care
Lower leg pain - self-care; Pain - shins - self-care; Anterior tibial pain - self-care; Medial tibial stress syndrome - self-care; MTSS - self-care; Exercise-induced leg pain - self-care; Tibial periostitis...
Diseases & Conditions
Shingles
Shingles is a painful, blistering skin rash. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, a member of the herpes family of viruses. This is the virus that also causes chickenpox. chickenpox
Self-Care Instructions
Shingles - aftercare
Herpes zoster - treatment
In-depth Report
Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus) - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of shingles and chickenpox.
Symptoms
Shoulder pain
Shoulder pain is any pain in or around the shoulder joint.
Self-Care Instructions
Shoulder separation - aftercare
Separated shoulder - aftercare; Acromioclavicular joint separation - aftercare; A/C separation - aftercare
Tests
Sickle cell test
The sickle cell test looks for the abnormal hemoglobin in the blood that causes the disorder sickle cell disease. hemoglobin sickle cell disease
Tests
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy using a flexible scope is a procedure used to see inside the sigmoid colon and rectum. The sigmoid colon is the area of the large intestine nearest to the rectum and is about one third of...
Self-Care Instructions
Signs of an asthma attack
Asthma attack - signs; Reactive airway disease - asthma attack; Bronchial asthma - attack
Diseases & Conditions
Silent thyroiditis
Silent thyroiditis is an immune reaction of the thyroid gland. The disorder can cause hyperthyroidism, followed by hypothyroidism. hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism The thyroid gland is located in the neck...
Self-Care Instructions
Simple, heart-smart substitutions
Coronary artery disease - heart smart substitutions; Atherosclerosis - heart smart substitutions; Cholesterol - heart smart substitutions; Coronary heart disease - heart smart substitutions; Healthy diet...
Diseases & Conditions
Sinusitis
Sinusitis is present when the tissue lining the sinuses become swollen or inflamed. It occurs as the result of an inflammatory reaction or an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus.
In-depth Report
Sinusitis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sinusitis.
Self-Care Instructions
Sinusitis in adults - aftercare
Sinus infection - self-care; Rhinosinusitis - self-care
Special Topics
Sitz bath
A sitz bath is a warm water bath used for healing or cleansing purposes. You sit in the bath. The water covers only your hips and buttocks. The water may contain medicine. Sitz baths are often used to relieve...
Diseases & Conditions
Sjogren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed. This causes dry mouth and dry eyes. The condition may affect other parts of the body, including...
Discharge Instructions
Skier's thumb - aftercare
Sprained thumb; Stable thumb; Ulnar collateral ligament injury; Gamekeeper's thumb
Self-Care Instructions
Skilled nursing or rehabilitation facilities
Diseases & Conditions
Skin abscess
A skin abscess is a buildup of pus in or on the skin.
Self-Care Instructions
Skin and hair changes during pregnancy
Dermatosis of pregnancy; Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy; Melasma - pregnancy; Prenatal skin changes
Tests
Skin lesion KOH exam
The skin lesion KOH exam is a test to diagnose a fungal infection of the skin. fungal infection of the skin
Tests
Skin lesion aspiration
Skin lesion aspiration is the withdrawal of fluid from a skin lesion (sore).
Surgery
Skin lesion removal
A skin lesion is an area of the skin that is different from the surrounding skin. This can be a lump, sore, or an area of skin that is not normal. It may also be a skin cancer. Skin lesion removal is a...
Self-Care Instructions
Skin lesion removal - aftercare
Shave excision - skin aftercare; Excision of skin lesions - benign aftercare; Skin lesion removal - benign aftercare; Cryosurgery - skin aftercare; BCC - removal aftercare; Basal cell cancer - removal aftercare...
Symptoms
Skin lumps
Skin lumps are any abnormal bumps or swellings on or under the skin.
Tests
Skin or nail culture
A skin or nail culture is a laboratory test to look for and identify germs that cause problems with the skin or nails. It is called a mucosal culture if the sample involves the mucous membranes.
Special Topics
Skin sagging treatment - underarms
Special Topics
Skin self-exam
Skin cancer - self-exam; Melanoma - self-exam; Basal cell cancer - self-exam; Squamous cell - self-exam; Skin mole - self-exam
Symptoms
Skin turgor
Skin turgor is the skin's elasticity. It is the ability of skin to change shape and then return to normal.
In-depth Report
Skin wrinkles and blemishes - InDepth
An in-depth report on the treatment and prevention of skin wrinkles and blemishes.
Special Topics
Sleep and your health
Diseases & Conditions
Sleep disorders
Sleep disorders are problems with sleeping. These include trouble falling or staying asleep, falling asleep at the wrong times, too much sleep, and abnormal behaviors during sleep.
Diseases & Conditions
Sleep disorders in older adults
Sleep disorders in older adults involve any disrupted sleep pattern. This can include problems falling or staying asleep, too much sleep, or abnormal behaviors with sleep.
Diseases & Conditions
Sleepwalking
Sleepwalking is a disorder that occurs when people walk or do other activity while they are still asleep.
Special Topics
Sleepwalking and children
Special Topics
Smallpox/monkeypox vaccine (JYNNEOS) - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Smallpox/Monkeypox Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/smallpox-monkeypox. html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current...
In-depth Report
Smoking - InDepth
An in-depth report on the health risks of smoking and how to quit.
Special Topics
Smoking and COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - smoking; COPD - secondhand smoke
Self-Care Instructions
Smoking and asthma
Special Topics
Smoking cessation medications
Your health care provider can prescribe medicines to help you quit tobacco use. These medicines do not contain nicotine and are not habit-forming. They work in a different way than nicotine patches, gums...
Self-Care Instructions
Snacking when you have diabetes
Healthy snacking - diabetes; Low blood sugar - snacking; Hypoglycemia - snacking
Self-Care Instructions
Snacks and sweetened drinks - children
Self-Care Instructions
Snacks for adults
Weight-loss - snacks; Healthy diet - snacks
Injury
Snake bites
Snake bites occur when a snake bites the skin. They are medical emergencies if the snake is venomous. Venomous animals account for a large number of deaths and injuries worldwide. Snakes alone are estimated...
Symptoms
Sneezing
A sneeze is a sudden, forceful, uncontrolled burst of air through the nose and mouth.
Self-Care Instructions
Snoring - adults
Diseases & Conditions
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder is a persistent and irrational fear of situations that may involve scrutiny or judgment by others, such as at parties and other social events.
Tests
Sodium blood test
The sodium blood test measures the concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium can also be measured using a urine test. urine test
Nutrition
Sodium in diet
Sodium is an element that the body needs to work properly. Salt contains sodium.
Tests
Sodium urine test
The sodium urine test measures the amount of sodium the urine. Sodium can also be measured in a blood sample. blood sample
Special Topics
Soluble vs. insoluble fiber
Nutrition
Soy
Humans have been eating soybeans for almost 5000 years. The soybean is high in protein. The quality of protein from soy equals that of protein from animal foods.
Diseases & Conditions
Spasmodic dysphonia
Spasmodic dysphonia is difficulty speaking due to spasms (dystonia) of the muscles that control the vocal cords. dystonia
Diseases & Conditions
Speech disorders - children
A speech disorder is a condition in which a person has problems creating or forming the speech sounds needed to communicate with others. This can make the person's speech difficult to understand. Common...
Diseases & Conditions
Spider angioma
Spider angioma is an abnormal collection of blood vessels near the surface of the skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis is narrowing of the spinal column that causes pressure on the spinal cord, or narrowing of the openings (called neural foramina) where spinal nerves leave the spinal column.
Self-Care Instructions
Spitting up - self-care
Symptoms
Splinter hemorrhages
Splinter hemorrhages are small areas of bleeding (hemorrhage) under the fingernails or toenails.
Special Topics
Splinter removal
A splinter is a thin piece of material (such as wood, glass, or metal) that gets embedded just below the top layer of your skin.
Diseases & Conditions
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a bone (vertebra) in the spine moves forward, out of its proper position, in relation to the bone below it.
Special Topics
Sports physical
Injury
Sprains
A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint. Ligaments are strong, flexible fibers that hold bones together. When a ligament is stretched too far or tears, the area around the joint will become...
Tests
Sputum Gram stain
A sputum Gram stain is a lab test used to detect bacteria in a sputum sample. Sputum is the material that comes up from your air passages when you cough very deeply. The Gram stain method is one of the...
Diseases & Conditions
Stable angina
Stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that most often occurs with activity or emotional stress. Angina is due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart called the coronary arteries....
Self-Care Instructions
Staph infections - self-care at home
Staphylococcus infections - self-care at home; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections - self-care at home; MRSA infections - self-care at home
Diseases & Conditions
Stasis dermatitis and ulcers
Stasis dermatitis is a change in the skin that results from the pooling of blood in the veins of the lower leg. Ulcers are open sores that can result from untreated stasis dermatitis.
Self-Care Instructions
Stay away from asthma triggers
Asthma triggers - stay away from; Asthma triggers - avoiding; Reactive airway disease - triggers; Bronchial asthma - triggers
Self-Care Instructions
Staying safe at home
Carbon monoxide safety; Electrical safety; Furnace safety; Gas appliance safety; Water heater safety
Special Topics
Stimulants
Stimulants are chemicals (usually drugs or medicines that increase your heart rate, breathing rate, and brain function. Some stimulants affect only a specific organ, such as the heart, lungs, brain, or...
Special Topics
Stimulus
A stimulus is anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change. The plural of stimulus is stimuli. Stimuli can be external or internal. An example of external stimuli is your body responding to...
Tests
Stool Gram stain
A stool Gram stain is a laboratory test that uses different chemical stains to detect and identify bacteria in a stool sample. The Gram stain method is sometimes used to quickly diagnose bacterial infections...
Tests
Stool guaiac test
The stool guaiac test looks for hidden (occult) blood in a stool sample. It can find blood even if you cannot see it yourself. It is a common type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT). Guaiac is a substance...
Symptoms
Stools - foul smelling
Foul-smelling stools are stools with a very bad odor. They very often have to do with what you eat, but may be a sign of a medical condition.
Special Topics
Stop smoking support programs
It is hard to quit smoking if you are acting alone. Smokers usually have a much better chance of quitting with a support program. Stop smoking programs are offered by hospitals, health departments, community...
Self-Care Instructions
Storing your medicines
Medications - storing
Diseases & Conditions
Stork bite
A stork bite is a common type of birthmark seen in a newborn. It is most often temporary. The medical term for a stork bite is nevus simplex. A stork bite is also called a salmon patch.
Diseases & Conditions
Strabismus
Strabismus is a disorder in which both eyes do not line up in the same direction. Therefore, they do not look at the same object at the same time. The most common form of strabismus is known as "crossed...
Injury
Strains
A strain is when a muscle is stretched too much and part of it tears. It is also called a pulled muscle. A strain is a painful injury. It can be caused by an accident, overusing a muscle, or using a muscle...
Diseases & Conditions
Strep throat
Strep throat is a disease that causes a sore throat (pharyngitis). It is an infection with a bacteria called group A streptococcus.
Tests
Streptococcal screen
A streptococcal screen is a test to detect group A streptococcus. This type of bacteria is the most common cause of strep throat. strep throat
In-depth Report
Stress - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress.
Symptoms
Stress and your health
Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension. It can come from any event or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or nervous. Stress is your body's reaction to a challenge or demand. In...
Special Topics
Stress and your heart
Coronary heart disease - stress; Coronary artery disease - stress
Special Topics
Stress in childhood
Childhood stress can be present in any setting that requires the child to adapt or change. Stress may be caused by positive changes, such as starting a new activity, but it is most commonly linked with...
Symptoms
Stretch marks
Stretch marks are irregular areas of skin that look like bands, stripes, or lines. Stretch marks are seen when a person grows or gains weight rapidly or has certain diseases or conditions. The medical name...
Diseases & Conditions
Stroke
A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." If blood flow is cut off for longer than a few seconds, the brain cannot get nutrients and oxygen...
In-depth Report
Stroke - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stroke.
Discharge Instructions
Stroke - discharge
Cerebrovascular disease - discharge; CVA - discharge; Cerebral infarction - discharge; Cerebral hemorrhage - discharge; Ischemic stroke - discharge; Stroke - ischemic - discharge; Stroke secondary to atrial...
Self-Care Instructions
Stroke risk factors
Preventing stroke; Stroke - prevention; CVA - prevention; TIA - prevention
Diseases & Conditions
Strongyloidiasis
Strongyloidiasis is an infection with the roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis (S stercoralis). Strongyloides stercoralis (S stercoralis).
Symptoms
Stuffy or runny nose - children
A stuffy or congested nose occurs when the tissues lining the nose become swollen. The swelling is due to inflamed blood vessels. The problem may also include nasal discharge or "runny nose. " If excess...
Symptoms
Stuffy or runny nose – adult
A stuffy or congested nose occurs when the tissues lining it become swollen. The swelling is due to inflamed blood vessels. The problem may also include nasal discharge or "runny nose. " If excess mucus...
Diseases & Conditions
Stuttering
Stuttering is a speech disorder in which sounds, syllables, or words are repeated or last longer than normal. These problems cause a break in the flow of speech called disfluency. speech disorder
Diseases & Conditions
Subacute thyroiditis
Subacute thyroiditis is an immune reaction of the thyroid gland that often follows an upper respiratory infection. The thyroid gland is located in the neck, just above where your collarbones meet in the...
Diseases & Conditions
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a bright red patch appearing in the white of the eye. This condition is one of several disorders called red eye.
Self-Care Instructions
Subcutaneous (SQ) injections
SQ injections; Sub-Q injections; Diabetes subcutaneous injection; Insulin subcutaneous injection
Special Topics
Substance use
Substance use is the continued use of alcohol, illegal drugs, or the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter medicines with negative consequences. These consequences may involve: Substance use Problems...
Special Topics
Substance use - LSD
Substance abuse - LSD; Drug abuse - LSD; Drug use - LSD; Lysergic acid diethylamide; Hallucinogen - LSD
Special Topics
Substance use - amphetamines
Substance abuse - amphetamines; Drug abuse - amphetamines; Drug use - amphetamines
Special Topics
Substance use - cocaine
Substance abuse - cocaine; Drug abuse - cocaine; Drug use - cocaine
Special Topics
Substance use - inhalants
Substance abuse - inhalants; Drug abuse - inhalants; Drug use - inhalants; Glue - inhalants
Special Topics
Substance use - marijuana
Substance abuse - marijuana; Drug abuse - marijuana; Drug use - marijuana; Cannabis; Grass; Hashish; Mary Jane; Pot; Weed
Special Topics
Substance use - phencyclidine (PCP)
PCP; Substance abuse - phencyclidine; Drug abuse - phencyclidine; Drug use - phencyclidine
Special Topics
Substance use - prescription drugs
Substance use disorder - prescription drugs; Substance abuse - prescription drugs; Drug abuse - prescription drugs; Drug use - prescription drugs; Narcotics - substance use; Opioid - substance use; Sedative...
Diseases & Conditions
Substance use disorder
Substance use disorder occurs when a person's use of alcohol or another substance (prescribed medicine or illegal drug) leads to health issues or problems at work, school, or home. This disorder is also...
Special Topics
Substance use recovery and diet
Substance use harms the body in two ways: The substance itself affects the body. It causes negative lifestyle changes, such as irregular eating and poor diet. The substance itself affects the body. It causes...
Diseases & Conditions
Sudden infant death syndrome
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected, sudden death of a child under age 1. An autopsy does not show an explainable cause of death.
Tests
Sugar-water hemolysis test
The sugar-water hemolysis test is a blood test to detect fragile red blood cells. It does this by testing how well they withstand swelling in a sugar (sucrose) solution.
Diseases & Conditions
Suicide and suicidal behavior
Suicide is the act of taking one's own life on purpose. Suicidal behavior is any action that could cause a person to die, such as taking a drug overdose or crashing a car on purpose.
Self-Care Instructions
Sun protection
Diseases & Conditions
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is a swollen or inflamed vein due to a blood clot. Superficial refers to veins just below the skin's surface. blood clot
Self-Care Instructions
Supporting your child with weight loss
Diseases & Conditions
Swallowing difficulty
Difficulty with swallowing is the feeling that food or liquid is stuck in the throat or at any point before the food enters the stomach. This problem is also called dysphagia.
Self-Care Instructions
Swallowing problems
Dysphagia
Symptoms
Sweating
Sweating is the release of liquid from the body's sweat glands. This liquid contains salt. This process is also called perspiration. Sweating helps your body stay cool. Sweat is commonly found under the...
Self-Care Instructions
Sweetened beverages
Obesity - sweetened beverages; Overweight - sweetened beverages; Healthy diet - sweetened beverages; Weight loss - sweetened beverages
Nutrition
Sweeteners - sugar substitutes
Sugar substitutes are substances that are used in place of sweeteners with sugar (sucrose) or sugar alcohols. They may also be called artificial sweeteners, non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), and noncaloric...
Nutrition
Sweeteners - sugars
The term sugar is used to describe a wide range of compounds that vary in sweetness. Common sugars include: GlucoseFructoseGalactoseSucrose (common table sugar)Lactose (the sugar found naturally in milk...
Symptoms
Swelling
Swelling is the enlargement of organs, skin, or other body parts. It is caused by a buildup of fluid in the tissues. The extra fluid can lead to a rapid increase in weight over a short period of time (days...
Diseases & Conditions
Swimmer's ear
Swimmer's ear is inflammation, irritation, or infection of the outer ear and ear canal. The medical term for swimmer's ear is otitis externa. Swimmer's ear may be sudden and short-term (acute) or long-term...
Symptoms
Swollen lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are present throughout your body. They are an important part of your immune system. Lymph nodes help your body recognize and fight germs, infections, and other foreign substances. The term ...
Special Topics
Symptomatic
Symptomatic can mean showing symptoms, or it may concern a specific symptom. Symptoms may be signs of disease or injury. They are what a person feels. Many conditions and diseases have symptoms. A cough...
Diseases & Conditions
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial infection that is most often spread through sexual contact.
Special Topics
Systemic
Systemic means affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part. For example, systemic disorders, such as high blood pressure, or systemic diseases, such as influenza (the flu), affect...
Tests
T-cell count
A T-cell count measures the number of T cells in the blood. Your health care provider may order this test if you have signs of a weak immune system, such as due to having HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS
Tests
T3 test
Triiodothyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone. It plays an important role in the body's control of metabolism (the many processes that control the rate of activity in cells and tissues). A laboratory test...
Tests
TBG blood test
The TBG blood test measures the level of a protein that moves thyroid hormone throughout your body. This protein is called thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG).
Diseases & Conditions
TMJ disorders
Temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders (TMJ disorders) are problems that affect the chewing muscles and joints that connect your lower jaw to your skull.
Tests
TSH test
A TSH test measures the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland. It prompts the thyroid gland to make and release thyroid hormones into the blood...
Injury
Tailbone trauma
Tailbone trauma is an injury to the small bone at the lower tip of the spine.
Self-Care Instructions
Tailbone trauma - aftercare
Coccyx injury; Coccyx fracture; Coccydynia - aftercare
Self-Care Instructions
Taking antacids
Heartburn - antacids; Reflux - antacids; GERD - antacids
Special Topics
Taking care of your back at home
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. There are many things you can do...
Special Topics
Taking iron supplements
Eating iron rich foods is a key part of treating anemia caused by low iron levels. You may also need to take iron supplements as well to rebuild iron stores in your body.
Self-Care Instructions
Taking medicine at home - create a routine
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Taking medicines - what to ask your provider
Medications - taking
Special Topics
Taking multiple medicines safely
Polypharmacy
Discharge Instructions
Taking narcotics for back pain
Nonspecific back pain - narcotics; Backache - chronic - narcotics; Lumbar pain - chronic - narcotics; Pain - back - chronic - narcotics; Chronic back pain - low - narcotics
Self-Care Instructions
Talking to someone with hearing loss
Special Topics
Talking to your child about smoking
Nicotine - talking to your child; Tobacco - talking to your children; Cigarettes - talking to your child
Self-Care Instructions
Talking to your teen about drinking
Alcohol use - teenager; Alcohol abuse - teenager; Problem drinking - teenager; Alcoholism - teenager; Underage drinking - teenager
Diseases & Conditions
Tapeworm infection - beef or pork
Beef or pork tapeworm infection is an infection with the tapeworm parasite found in beef or pork.
Diseases & Conditions
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which the tibial nerve is being compressed. This is the nerve in the ankle that allows feeling and movement to parts of the foot. Tarsal tunnel syndrome can lead...
Symptoms
Taste - impaired
Taste impairment means there is a problem with your sense of taste. Problems range from distorted taste to a complete loss of the sense of taste. A complete inability to taste is rare.
Special Topics
Td (tetanus, diphtheria) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Td vaccine information statement (VIS) -- www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/td.html.
www.cdc.gov/vaccines...
Special Topics
Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Tdap Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/tdap.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis...
Self-Care Instructions
Teenage pregnancy
Prenatal care - teenage pregnancy
Special Topics
Teenagers and drugs
As a parent, it is natural to worry about your teenager. And, like many parents, you may be afraid that your teen may try drugs, or worse, become dependent on drugs. While you cannot control everything...
Special Topics
Teenagers and sleep
Special Topics
Teething
Teething is the growth of teeth through the gums in the mouth of infants and young children.
Special Topics
Telehealth
Telehealth; Telemedicine; Mobile health (mHealth); Remote patient monitoring; E-health
Special Topics
Temper tantrums
Temper tantrums are unpleasant and disruptive behaviors or emotional outbursts in children. They often occur in response to unmet needs or desires. Tantrums are more likely to occur in toddlers and preschool...
Tests
Temperature measurement
The measurement of body temperature can help detect illness. It can also monitor whether or not treatment is working. A high temperature is a fever. fever
Diseases & Conditions
Tendinitis
Tendons are the fibrous structures that join muscles to bones. When these tendons become swollen or inflamed, it is called tendinitis. In many cases, tendinosis (tendon degeneration) is also present.
Diseases & Conditions
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow is soreness or pain on the outside (lateral) side of the upper arm near the elbow.
Diseases & Conditions
Tenosynovitis
Tenosynovitis is inflammation of the lining of the sheath that surrounds a tendon (the cord that joins muscle to bone).
Diseases & Conditions
Tension headache
A tension headache is the most common type of headache. It is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck, and is often associated with muscle tightness in these areas.
Symptoms
Testicle lump
A testicle lump is swelling or a growth (mass) in one or both testicles.
Symptoms
Testicle pain
Testicle pain is discomfort in one or both testicles. The pain can spread into the lower abdomen. testicles
Tests
Testicular self-exam
Testicular self-exam is an examination of the testicles that you do on yourself.
Tests
Tests for H pylori
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is the bacteria (germ) responsible for most stomach (gastric) and duodenal ulcers and many cases of stomach inflammation (chronic gastritis). Helicobacter pylori H pylori...
Self-Care Instructions
The night before your surgery - children
Surgery - child; Preoperative - night before
Tests
Therapeutic drug levels
Therapeutic drug levels are lab tests to look for the amount of a drug or medicine in the blood.
Nutrition
Thiamin
Thiamin is one of the B vitamins. The B vitamins are a group of water-soluble vitamins that are part of many of the chemical reactions in the body.
Symptoms
Thirst - absent
Absence of thirst is a lack of the urge to drink fluids, even when the body is low on water or has too much salt.
Symptoms
Thirst - excessive
Excessive thirst is an abnormal feeling of always needing to drink fluids.
Tests
Throat swab culture
A throat swab culture is a laboratory test that is done to identify germs that may cause infection in the throat. It is most often used to diagnose strep throat. strep throat
Diseases & Conditions
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is swelling (inflammation) of a vein. A blood clot (thrombus) in the vein is the most common cause of this swelling. blood clot
Diseases & Conditions
Thrush - children and adults
Thrush is a yeast infection of the tongue and lining of the mouth.
Diseases & Conditions
Thrush in newborns
Thrush is a yeast infection of the tongue and mouth. This common infection can be passed between a mother and baby during breastfeeding.
Special Topics
Thumb sucking
Tests
Thyroid function tests
Thyroid function tests are used to check whether your thyroid is working normally. The most common thyroid function tests are: Free T4 (free thyroxine, the main thyroid hormone in your blood -- a precursor...
Injury
Tick removal
Ticks are small, insect-like creatures that live in forests and fields. They attach to you as you brush past bushes, plants, and grass. Once on you, ticks often move to a warm, moist location. They are...
Special Topics
Time out
"Time out" is a technique some parents and teachers use when a child misbehaves. It involves the child leaving the environment and activities where the inappropriate behavior occurred, and going to a specific...
Self-Care Instructions
Time outs
Diseases & Conditions
Tinea versicolor
Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection of the outer layer of the skin. fungal infection
Symptoms
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical term for "hearing" noises in your ears. It occurs when there is no outside source of the sounds. Tinnitus is often called "ringing in the ears. " It may also sound like blowing,...
Special Topics
Tips for labor coaches
Pregnancy - labor coach; Delivery - labor coach
Special Topics
Tips on how to quit smoking
There are many ways to quit smoking. There are also resources to help you. Family members, friends, and co-workers may be supportive. But to be successful, you must really want to quit. The tips below can...
Special Topics
Toddler development
Toddlers are children ages 1 to 3 years. CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES Cognitive (thought) development skills typical for toddlers include: Early use of instruments or toolsFollowing visual (then later, invisible...
Special Topics
Toilet training tips
Potty training
Diseases & Conditions
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is inflammation (swelling) of the tonsils.
Symptoms
Tooth - abnormal colors
Abnormal tooth color is any color other than white to yellowish-white.
Symptoms
Tooth - abnormal shape
An abnormally shaped tooth is any tooth that deviates from its regular shape.
Symptoms
Tooth formation - delayed or absent
When a person's teeth grow in, they may be delayed or not occur at all.
Tests
Total cholesterol
Total cholesterol is a blood test to measure all types of cholesterol in your blood. Cholesterol is a fatty, wax-like substance found in all parts of the body. The cholesterol test is often done as part...
Surgery
Total hip joint replacement - revision
Hip joint replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with a man-made joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. Over time some or all parts of a prosthesis may wear out due...
Tests
Total iron binding capacity
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) is a blood test to see if you have too much or too little iron in your blood. Iron moves through the blood attached to a protein called transferrin. This test helps your...
Surgery
Total knee joint replacement - revision
Knee joint replacement is a surgery to replace a knee joint with a man-made artificial joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. However, over time some or all parts of a prosthesis may wear out...
Self-Care Instructions
Total parenteral nutrition
Hyperalimentation; TPN; Malnourishment - TPN; Malnutrition - TPN
Tests
Total protein
The total protein test measures the total amount of two classes of proteins found in the fluid portion of your blood. These are albumin and globulin. Proteins are important parts of all cells and tissues...
Tests
Toxoplasma blood test
The toxoplasma blood test looks for antibodies in the blood to a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. antibodies Toxoplasma gondii
Diseases & Conditions
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is an infection due to the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii
Surgery
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a procedure used to replace the aortic valve without opening the chest. It is used to treat adults who aren't healthy enough for regular valve surgery. The...
Diseases & Conditions
Transient ischemic attack
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops for a brief time. A person will have stroke-like symptoms for up to 24 hours. In most cases, the symptoms last for 1...
Tests
Transvaginal ultrasound
Transvaginal ultrasound is a test used to look at a woman's uterus, ovaries, tubes, cervix, and pelvic area. cervix Transvaginal means across or through the vagina. The ultrasound probe will be placed inside...
Diseases & Conditions
Traumatic brain injury
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can occur when the head hits an object, or a moving object strikes the head. There are three types of TBI: Mild TBI, also called a concussionModerate TBISevere TBI Mild TBI...
Self-Care Instructions
Traumatic events and children
Stress - traumatic events in children; Adverse childhood experiences
In-depth Report
Travel to developing countries - InDepth
An in-depth report on travel-related health risks and how to prepare ahead of time to reduce these risks.
Nutrition
Traveler's diarrhea diet
Traveler's diarrhea causes loose, watery stools. People can get traveler's diarrhea when they visit places where the water is not clean or the food is not handled safely. This can include developing countries...
Special Topics
Traveler's guide to avoiding infectious diseases
Self-Care Instructions
Traveling with breathing problems
Oxygen - travel; Collapsed lung - travel; Chest surgery - travel; COPD - travel; Chronic obstructive airways disease - travel; Chronic obstructive lung disease - travel; Chronic bronchitis - travel; Emphysema...
Nutrition
Traveling with children
Traveling with children presents special challenges. It disrupts familiar routines and imposes new demands. Planning ahead, and involving children in the planning, may lessen the stress of travel.
Self-Care Instructions
Tremor - self-care
Shaking - self-care; Essential tremor - self-care; Familial tremor - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Trench mouth
Trench mouth is an infection that causes swelling (inflammation) and ulcers in the gums (gingivae). The term trench mouth comes from World War I, when this infection was common among soldiers "in the trenches...
Diseases & Conditions
Trichinosis
Trichinosis is an infection with the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. Trichinella spiralis
Diseases & Conditions
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonas vaginalis.
Diseases & Conditions
Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a nerve disorder. It causes a stabbing or electric shock-like pain in parts of the face.
Self-Care Instructions
Trigger finger
Digital stenosing tenosynovitis; Trigger digit; Trigger finger release; Locked finger; Digital flexor tenosynovitis
Tests
Triglyceride level
The triglyceride level is a blood test to measure the amount of triglycerides in your blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat. Your body makes some triglycerides. Triglycerides also come from the food you...
Special Topics
Tubercle
A tubercle is a small rounded point of a bone. Less often, it refers to a nodule attached to bone, mucous membrane (moist layer lining parts of the body), or skin. mucous membrane skin
Self-Care Instructions
Turning patients over in bed
Roll patients in bed
Tests
Tympanometry
Tympanometry is a test used to detect problems in the ear drum and middle ear.
Diseases & Conditions
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there is a high level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. chronic
Self-Care Instructions
Type 1 diabetes - self-care
Type 1 diabetes - managing
Diseases & Conditions
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there is a high level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. chronic
Self-Care Instructions
Type 2 diabetes - self-care
Type 2 diabetes - managing
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Type 2 diabetes - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your provider about diabetes - type 2
Special Topics
Types of health care providers
This article describes health care providers involved in primary care, nursing care, and specialty care.
Special Topics
Types of hormone therapy
HRT- types; Estrogen replacement therapy - types; ERT- types of hormone therapy; Hormone replacement therapy - types; Menopause - types of hormone therapy; HT - types; Menopausal hormone types
Self-Care Instructions
Types of ileostomy
Ileostomy - types; Standard ileostomy; Brooke ileostomy; Continent ileostomy; Abdominal pouch; End ileostomy; Ostomy; Inflammatory bowel disease - ileostomy and your ileostomy type; Crohn disease - ileostomy...
Diseases & Conditions
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a condition in which the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum become inflamed. It is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Crohn disease is another form of IBD. Crohn...
In-depth Report
Ulcerative colitis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ulcerative colitis.
Symptoms
Ulcers
An ulcer is a crater-like sore on the skin or mucous membrane. Ulcers form when the top layers of skin or tissue have been removed. They can occur in the mouth, stomach, and other parts of the body. mucous...
Diseases & Conditions
Ulnar nerve dysfunction
Ulnar nerve dysfunction is a problem with one of the nerves that travel from the shoulder to the hand, called the ulnar nerve. It helps you move your arm, wrist, and hand.
Tests
Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to make images of organs and structures inside the body.
Special Topics
Understanding Medicare
Special Topics
Understanding cardiovascular disease
Special Topics
Understanding health insurance plans
Self-Care Instructions
Understanding the DASH diet
Hypertension - DASH diet; Blood-pressure - DASH diet
Special Topics
Understanding your breast cancer risk
Carcinoma-lobular - risk; DCIS; LCIS - risk; Ductal carcinoma in situ - risk; Lobular carcinoma in situ - risk; Breast cancer - prevention; BRCA - breast cancer risk
Special Topics
Understanding your colorectal cancer risk
Colon cancer - prevention; Colon cancer - screening
Special Topics
Understanding your health care costs
Special Topics
Understanding your hospital bill
Special Topics
Understanding your prostate cancer risk
Surgery
Undescended testicle repair
Undescended testicle repair is surgery to correct testicles that have not dropped down into the correct position in the scrotum. Undescended testicle
Tests
Urea nitrogen urine test
Urine urea nitrogen is a test that measures the amount of urea in the urine. Urea is a waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein in the body.
Tests
Urethral discharge culture
Urethral discharge culture is a laboratory test done on men and boys. This test is used to identify germs in the urethra that may be causing inflammation of the urethra (urethritis). The urethra is the...
Diseases & Conditions
Urethritis
Urethritis is inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the body.
Diseases & Conditions
Urge incontinence
Urge incontinence occurs when you have a strong, sudden need to urinate that is difficult to delay. The bladder then squeezes, or spasms, and you may lose urine.
Tests
Uric acid - blood
Uric acid is a chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines. Purines are normally produced in the body and are also found in some foods and drinks. Foods with a high content of purines...
Tests
Uric acid urine test
The uric acid urine test measures the level of uric acid in the urine. The uric acid blood level can be checked using a blood test.
Tests
Urinalysis
Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine.
Special Topics
Urinary catheters
A urinary catheter is a tube placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder.
Symptoms
Urinary incontinence
Urinary (or bladder) incontinence occurs when you are not able to keep urine from leaking out of your urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine out of your body from your bladder. You may leak...
In-depth Report
Urinary incontinence - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary incontinence.
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Urinary incontinence - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about urinary incontinence; Stress urinary incontinence; Urge urinary incontinence
Special Topics
Urinary incontinence products
Self-Care Instructions
Urinary incontinence products - self-care
Adult diapers; Disposable urinary collection devices
In-depth Report
Urinary tract infection - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary tract infections.
Diseases & Conditions
Urinary tract infection - adults
A urinary tract infection, or UTI, is an infection of the urinary tract. The infection can occur at different points in the urinary tract, including the:
Bladder -- An infection in the bladder is also...
Diseases & Conditions
Urinary tract infection - children
A urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection of the urinary tract. This article discusses urinary tract infections in children. The infection can affect different parts of the urinary tract, including...
Self-Care Instructions
Urinary tract infection in girls - aftercare
Self-Care Instructions
Urinary tract infection in women - self-care
UTI - self-care; Cystitis - self-care; Bladder infection - self-care
Symptoms
Urinating more at night
Normally, the amount of urine your body produces decreases at night. This allows most people to sleep 6 to 8 hours without having to urinate. Some people wake up from sleep more often to urinate during...
Symptoms
Urination - difficulty with flow
Difficulty starting or maintaining a urine stream is called urinary hesitancy.
Symptoms
Urination - excessive amount
Excessive amount of urination means that your body makes larger than normal amounts of urine each day.
Symptoms
Urination - painful
Painful urination is any pain, discomfort, or burning sensation when passing urine.
Symptoms
Urine - abnormal color
The usual color of urine is straw-yellow. Abnormally-colored urine may be cloudy, dark, or blood-colored.
Symptoms
Urine - bloody
Blood in your urine is called hematuria. The amount may be very small and only detected with urine tests or under a microscope. In other cases, the blood is visible. It often turns the toilet water red...
Tests
Urine concentration test
A urine concentration test measures the ability of the kidneys to conserve or excrete water.
Tests
Urine culture
A urine culture is a lab test to check for bacteria or other germs in a urine sample. It can be used to check for a urinary tract infection in adults and children. adults children
Tests
Urine culture - catheterized specimen
Catheterized specimen urine culture is a lab test that looks for germs in a urine sample.
Self-Care Instructions
Urine drainage bags
Leg bag
Tests
Urine drug screen
A urine drug screen is used to detect illegal drugs and some prescription medicines in the urine.
Symptoms
Urine odor
Urine odor refers to the smell from your urine. Urine odor varies. Most of the time, urine does not have a strong smell if you are healthy and drink plenty of fluids.
Tests
Urine pH test
A urine pH test measures the level of acid in urine.
Tests
Urine protein dipstick test
The urine protein dipstick test measures the presence of all proteins, including albumin, in a urine sample. Albumin and protein can also be measured using a blood test. blood test
Tests
Urine specific gravity test
Urine specific gravity is a laboratory test that shows the total concentration of all chemical particles in the urine.
Special Topics
Use of restraints
Restraint devices
Self-Care Instructions
Using a cane
Self-Care Instructions
Using a walker
Discharge Instructions
Using crutches
Special Topics
Using over-the-counter medicines safely
OTC - using safely
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Using oxygen at home - what to ask your doctor
Oxygen - what to ask your doctor; What to ask your doctor about home oxygen; Hypoxia - oxygen at home
Diseases & Conditions
Uterine fibroids
Uterine fibroids are tumors that grow in a woman's womb (uterus). These growths are typically not cancerous (benign), and do not become cancerous.
In-depth Report
Uterine fibroids and hysterectomy - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of uterine fibroids.
Diseases & Conditions
Uterine prolapse
Uterine prolapse occurs when the womb (uterus) drops down and presses into the vaginal area.
Tests
VDRL test
The VDRL test is a screening test for syphilis. It measures substances (proteins), called antibodies, which your body may produce if you have been infected with the bacteria that cause syphilis. syphilis...
Tests
VLDL test
VLDL stands for very low density lipoprotein. Lipoproteins are made up of cholesterol, triglycerides, and proteins. They move cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids (fats) around the body. cholesterol...
Special Topics
Vacation health care
Vacation health care means taking care of your health and medical needs while you travel on a vacation or holidays. This article provides you tips you can use before and while traveling.
Special Topics
Vaccines - immunizations
Vaccines are used to boost your immune system, reduce the risk of infection, and lessen the severity of infections, including those that cause serious, life-threatening diseases.
Symptoms
Vaginal bleeding between periods
This article discusses vaginal bleeding that occurs between a woman's monthly menstrual periods. Such bleeding may be called "intermenstrual bleeding." Related topics include: Dysfunctional uterine bleedingHeavy...
Self-Care Instructions
Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy
Miscarriage - vaginal bleeding; Threatened abortion - vaginal bleeding
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginal cysts
A cyst is a closed pocket or pouch of tissue. It can be filled with air, fluid, pus, or other material. A vaginal cyst occurs on or under the lining of the vagina.
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginal dryness
Vaginal dryness is present when the tissues of the vagina are not well-lubricated and healthy.
Special Topics
Vaginal dryness alternative treatments
Symptoms
Vaginal itching and discharge - adult and adolescent
Vaginal discharge refers to secretions from the vagina. The discharge may be: vagina Thick, pasty, or thinClear, cloudy, bloody, white, yellow, or greenOdorless or have a bad odor Thick, pasty, or thin...
Symptoms
Vaginal itching and discharge - child
Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin of the vagina and the surrounding area (vulva) is a common problem in girls before the age of puberty. Vaginal discharge may also be present. The color, smell...
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginal or uterine bleeding
Vaginal bleeding normally occurs during a woman's menstrual cycle, when she gets her period. Every woman's period is different. Most women have periods between 24 and 34 days apart. It usually lasts 4 to...
Special Topics
Vaginal sponge and spermicides
Spermicides and vaginal sponges are two over-the-counter birth control methods used during sex to prevent pregnancy. Over-the-counter means that they can be purchased without a prescription. birth control...
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginal yeast infection
Vaginal yeast infection is an infection of the vagina. It is most often due to the fungus Candida albicans. Candida albicans
Diseases & Conditions
Vaginismus
Vaginismus is a spasm of the muscles surrounding the vagina that occurs against your will. The spasm makes the vagina very narrow and can prevent sexual activity and medical exams. vagina
Self-Care Instructions
Vaginitis - self-care
Vulvovaginitis - self-care; Yeast infections - vaginitis
Tests
Vaginitis test - wet mount
The vaginitis wet mount test is a test to detect an infection of the vagina.
Diseases & Conditions
Valley fever
Valley fever is an infection that occurs when the spores of the fungus Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii enter your body through the lungs. spores Coccidioides immitis Coccidioides posadasii
Special Topics
Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the CDC Chickenpox Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/varicella.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/varicella.html
Diseases & Conditions
Varicocele
A varicocele is the swelling of the veins inside the scrotum. These veins are found along the cord that holds up a man's testicles (spermatic cord). testicles
Self-Care Instructions
Varicose and other vein problems - self-care
Venous insufficiency - self-care; Venous stasis ulcers - self-care; Lipodermatosclerosis - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Varicose veins
Varicose veins are swollen, twisted, and enlarged veins that you can see under the skin. They are often red or blue in color. They most often appear in the legs, but can occur in other parts of the body...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Varicose veins - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor about varicose veins; Venous insufficiency - what to ask your doctor; Vein stripping - what to ask your doctor
Surgery
Vasectomy
A vasectomy is surgery to cut the vas deferens. These are the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. After a vasectomy, sperm cannot move out of the testes. A man who has had a successful...
In-depth Report
Vasectomy and vasectomy reversal - InDepth
An in-depth report on vasectomy as a method of male birth control and reversal surgeries.
Special Topics
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls. When blood vessels constrict, blood flow is slowed or, in extreme cases, completely blocked. Vasoconstriction...
Nutrition
Vegetarian diet
A vegetarian diet does not include any meat, poultry, or seafood. It is a meal plan made up of foods that come mostly from plants. These include: VegetablesFruitsWhole grainsLegumesSeedsNutsMay include...
Tests
Venipuncture
Venipuncture is the collection of blood from a vein. It is most often done for laboratory testing.
Diseases & Conditions
Venous insufficiency
Venous insufficiency is a condition in which the veins have problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart.
Self-Care Instructions
Venous ulcers - self-care
Venous leg ulcers - self-care; Venous insufficiency ulcers - self-care; Stasis leg ulcers - self-care; Varicose veins - venous ulcers - self-care; Stasis dermatitis - venous ulcer
Diseases & Conditions
Vertigo-associated disorders
Vertigo is a sensation of motion or spinning that is often described as dizziness. dizziness Vertigo is not the same as being lightheaded. People with vertigo feel as though they are actually spinning...
Diseases & Conditions
Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestine caused by a virus. The infection can lead to diarrhea and vomiting. It is sometimes called the "stomach flu." diarrhea
Diseases & Conditions
Viral pneumonia
Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Pneumonia Viral pneumonia is caused by a virus.
Diseases & Conditions
Visceral larva migrans
Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a human infection with certain parasites found in the intestines of dogs and cats.
Special Topics
Visceromegaly
Visceromegaly is enlargement of the one or more of the organs inside the abdomen, such as the liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, or pancreas. liver spleen
Tests
Visual acuity test
The visual acuity test is used to determine the smallest letters you can read on a standardized chart (Snellen chart) or a card held 20 feet (6 meters) away. Special charts are used when testing at distances...
Special Topics
Vital signs
Vital signs reflect essential body functions, including your heartbeat rate, breathing rate, temperature, and blood pressure. Your health care provider may measure, or monitor your vital signs to check...
Nutrition
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver. There are two types of vitamin A that are found in the diet. Preformed vitamin A is found in animal products such as meat, fish, poultry,...
Tests
Vitamin A blood test
The vitamin A test measures the level of vitamin A in the blood.
Nutrition
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. After the body uses what it needs of these vitamins, leftover amounts leave the body through the urine. The body stores...
Diseases & Conditions
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Anemia Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia...
Tests
Vitamin B12 level
The vitamin B12 level is a blood test that measures how much vitamin B12 is in your blood. vitamin B12
Nutrition
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water so the body cannot store them. Leftover amounts of the vitamin leave the body through the urine. Although the body maintains...
Nutrition
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin. It is needed for normal growth and development. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. Leftover amounts of the vitamin leave the body through the urine. Although...
Special Topics
Vitamin C and colds
Nutrition
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissue and liver.
Nutrition
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin. Your body stores vitamin E in fatty tissue and the liver.
Nutrition
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin. Your body stores vitamin K in the liver and other body tissues, including the brain, heart, pancreas, and bone.
Nutrition
Vitamins
Vitamins are a group of substances that are needed for normal cell function, growth, and development. There are 13 essential vitamins. This means that these vitamins are required for the body to work properly...
In-depth Report
Vitamins and Phytonutrients - InDepth
An in-depth report on the dietary importance of vitamins and other nutrients.
Diseases & Conditions
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a skin condition in which there is a loss of color (pigment) from areas of skin. This results in uneven white patches that have no pigment, but the skin feels normal. patches
Diseases & Conditions
Von Willebrand disease
Von Willebrand disease is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder. bleeding disorder
Diseases & Conditions
Vulvodynia
Vulvodynia is a pain disorder of the vulva. This is the outside area of a woman's genitals. Vulvodynia causes severe pain, burning, and stinging of the vulva. vulva
Diseases & Conditions
Vulvovaginitis
Vulvovaginitis or vaginitis is swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina. Vaginitis is a common problem that can affect women and girls of all ages.
Tests
WBC count
A WBC count is a blood test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. It is a part of a complete blood count (CBC). WBCs are also called leukocytes. They help fight infections. There...
Symptoms
Walking abnormalities
Walking abnormalities can be caused by many different types of problems. Problems with the joints, (such as arthritis), bones (such as deformities), circulation (such as peripheral vascular disease), or...
Self-Care Instructions
Warning signs and symptoms of heart disease
Angina - heart disease warning signs; Chest pain - heart disease warning signs; Dyspnea - heart disease warning signs; Edema - heart disease warning signs; Palpitations - heart disease warning signs
Diseases & Conditions
Warts
Warts are small, usually painless growths on the skin. Most of the time, they are harmless. They are caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). There are more than 150 types of HPV viruses. Some...
Self-Care Instructions
Water safety and drowning
Symptoms
Watery eyes
Watery eyes means you have too many tears in and draining from the eyes. Tears help keep the surface of the eye moist. They wash away particles and foreign objects in the eye.
Special Topics
Ways to burn more calories every day
Weight loss - burning calories; Overweight - burning calories; Obesity - burning calories; Physical activity - burning calories; Staying active - burning calories
Symptoms
Weakness
Weakness is reduced strength in one or more muscles.
In-depth Report
Weight control and diet - InDepth
An in-depth report on losing and managing weight safely for health benefits.
Self-Care Instructions
Weight gain after quitting smoking: What to do
Cigarettes - weight gain; Smoking cessation - weight gain; Smokeless tobacco - weight gain; Tobacco cessation - weight gain; Nicotine cessation - weight gain; Weight loss - quitting smoking
Symptoms
Weight gain – unintentional
Unintentional weight gain is when you gain weight without trying to do so and you are not eating or drinking more.
Symptoms
Weight loss - unintentional
Unexplained weight loss is a decrease in body weight, when you did not try to lose the weight on your own. Many people gain and lose weight. Unintentional weight loss is loss of 10 pounds (4. 5 kilograms...
Special Topics
Weight loss and alcohol
Weight loss - alcohol; Overweight - alcohol; Obesity - alcohol; Diet - alcohol
Self-Care Instructions
Weight-loss medicines
Prescription weight loss drugs; Diabetes - weight loss drugs; Obesity - weight loss drugs; Overweight - weight loss drugs
Special Topics
Well-child visits
Childhood is a time of rapid growth and change. Children have more well-child visits when they are younger. This is because development is faster during these years. Each visit includes a physical exam...
Diseases & Conditions
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a brain disorder due to vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Special Topics
What causes bone loss?
Osteoporosis - causes; Low bone density - causes
Special Topics
What is palliative care?
Comfort care; End of life - palliative care; Hospice - palliative care
Self-Care Instructions
What to bring to your labor and delivery
Prenatal care - what to bring
Self-Care Instructions
What to do after exposure to COVID-19
COVID-19 exposure; COVID-19 exposure - what to do
Self-Care Instructions
What to include in your birth plan
Pregnancy - birth plan
Symptoms
Wheezing
Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing. It occurs when air moves through narrowed breathing tubes in the lungs.
Special Topics
When to use the emergency room - adult
Special Topics
When to use the emergency room - child
Emergency room - child; Emergency department - child; Urgent care - child; ER - when to use
Self-Care Instructions
When you are drinking too much - tips for cutting back
Alcohol - drinking too much; Alcohol use disorder - drinking too much; Alcohol abuse - drinking too much; Risky drinking - cutting back
Special Topics
When you feel like changing your medicine
Medication - non-compliance; Medication - nonadherence
Self-Care Instructions
When you have diarrhea
Diarrhea - self-care; Diarrhea - gastroenteritis
Self-Care Instructions
When you have nausea and vomiting
Nausea - self-care; Vomiting - self-care
Self-Care Instructions
When you have urinary incontinence
Loss of bladder control - care at home; Uncontrollable urination - care at home; Stress incontinence - care at home; Bladder incontinence - care at home; Pelvic prolapse - care at home; Leakage of urine...
Self-Care Instructions
When you need to gain more weight during pregnancy
Self-Care Instructions
When your baby or infant has a fever
Fever - infant; Fever - baby
Self-Care Instructions
When your child has diarrhea
Symptoms
Whiteheads
Whiteheads are small, white, raised bumps on the skin. They form when oil and skin collect in the pores. Whiteheads are also known as closed comedones and pimples. They are one type of acne, often on the...
Symptoms
Widely spaced teeth
Widely spaced teeth can be a temporary condition related to normal growth and development of adult teeth. Wide spacing can also occur as a result of several diseases or continued growth of the jawbone.
Special Topics
Wine and heart health
Some studies have shown that adults who drink light to moderate amounts of alcohol may be less likely to develop heart disease than those who do not drink at all or are heavy drinkers. However, people who...
Self-Care Instructions
Women and sexual problems
Frigidity - self-care; Sexual dysfunction - female - self-care
Special Topics
Women's health
Women's health refers to the branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment and diagnosis of diseases and conditions that affect a woman's physical and emotional well-being.
Tests
Wood lamp examination
A Wood lamp examination is a test that uses ultraviolet (UV) light to look at the skin closely.
Special Topics
Working with a personal trainer
Exercise - personal trainer
Symptoms
Wrinkles
Wrinkles are creases in the skin. The medical term for wrinkles is rhytids.
Symptoms
Wrist pain
Wrist pain is any pain or discomfort in the wrist.
Self-Care Instructions
Wrist sprain - aftercare
Scapholunate ligament sprain - aftercare
Symptoms
Yawning - excessive
Yawning is involuntarily opening the mouth and taking a long, deep breath of air. This is most often done when you are tired or sleepy. Excessive yawning that happens more often than expected, even if drowsiness...
Special Topics
Yoga for health
Special Topics
Your baby and the flu
The flu is an easily-spread disease. Children under age 2 have a higher risk of developing complications if they get the flu. flu The information in this article has been put together to help you protect...
Special Topics
Your child and the flu
The flu is a serious illness. The virus is easily spread, and children are very susceptible to the illness. Knowing the facts about the flu, its symptoms, and when to get vaccinated are all important in...
Special Topics
Your child's first vaccines - what you need to know
All content below is taken in its entirety from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Your Child's First Vaccines: What You Need to Know. Vaccine information statement (VIS): www. cdc. gov...
Self-Care Instructions
Your diet after gastric bypass surgery
Gastric bypass surgery - your diet; Obesity - diet after bypass; Weight loss - diet after bypass
Nutrition
Zinc in diet
Zinc is an important trace element that people need to stay healthy. Of the trace elements, this element is second only to iron in its concentration in the body. iron