Dementia - keeping safe in the home
Imagine waking up this morning, and not being able to remember your own name, or recognize your spouse? While Alzheimer disease is a more gradual process, over time it can destroy memory to the point where people can't even remember the simplest and most important details of their lives. Let's talk more about Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease is a type of dementia, a loss of brain function that makes it harder and harder to think and speak. To understand what causes Alzheimer, we need to look inside the brain. In a normal brain, nerves send messages to one another. In people with Alzheimer disease, abnormal proteins clump in the brain, damaging nerve cells so they can no longer send the messages needed to think clearly. So, why do some people get Alzheimer, and others do not? Getting older itself doesn't cause Alzheimer disease. It's not a part of the normal aging process. Alzheimer does seem to run in families, though. So if you have a close relative, like a sister or parent, with Alzheimer, you may be more likely to get the disease. Usually when Alzheimer disease starts, people have trouble remembering simple things, like their phone number, or where they put their car keys. But, as the disease progresses, memory loss gets worse. People with Alzheimer find it hard to have conversations or complete simple tasks, like getting dressed. They can also become angry or depressed. Those in the later stages of the disease can no longer care for themselves. They lose the ability to recognize even close family members. To diagnose Alzheimer disease, doctors prescribe tests of mental ability. They also prescribe medical tests to rule out diseases that can make it harder to think clearly, such as a brain tumor or stroke. As far as treatments for Alzheimer disease, right now, there isn't a cure. A few drugs can slow memory loss and control depression and aggressiveness from the disease. Despite what you may have read, there isn't any proof that vitamins or other supplements can prevent or treat Alzheimer. However, eating a low-fat diet that's high in vitamin E and C, and rich in omega-3 fatty acids may keep your brain healthier. Alzheimer disease is different in each person. Some people decline quickly and die within just a few years, while others can live for two decades with the disease. If you have a family member with Alzheimer, talk to your doctor about ways to protect your own memory. And, call right away if you have any significant memory loss. Though it may be normal forgetfulness that comes with getting older, the sooner you get it checked out, the earlier you can start treatment if you need it.
Aged nervous tissue is less able to rapidly communicate with other neural tissues.
The risk of tripping and falling is greater in people age 65 or older, people with arthritis or neurologic disease, and those with dementia. This can result in broken bones or more serious injuries. Make changes in your and your loved one's home to lower the risk of falling.
Safety Tips for the Home
Wandering can be a serious problem for people who have more advanced dementia. These tips may help prevent wandering:
- Place alarms on all doors and windows that will sound if the doors are opened.
- Place a Stop sign on doors to the outside.
- Keep car keys out of sight.
To prevent harm when someone with dementia does wander:
- Have the person wear an ID bracelet or necklace with their name, address, and phone number on it. Include a caretaker's contact information, if possible.
- Tell neighbors and others in the area that the person who has dementia may wander. Ask them to call you or to help them get home if this happens.
- Fence and close off any areas that may be dangerous, such as a stairwell, a deck, a hot tub, or a swimming pool.
- Consider giving the person a GPS device or a cell phone with a GPS locator embedded in it.
Inspect the person's house and remove or reduce hazards for tripping and falling.
Do not leave a person who has advanced dementia alone at home.
Lower the temperature of the hot water tank. Remove or lock up cleaning products and other items that may be poisonous.
Make sure the kitchen is safe.
- Remove knobs on the stove when it is not in use.
- Lock up sharp objects.
Remove, or store the following in locked areas:
- All medicines, including the person's medicines and any over-the-counter medicines and supplements.
- All alcohol and illegal drugs.
- All weapons and guns. Separate ammunition from the guns.
References
Alzheimer's Association website. Dementia Care Practice Recommendations.
Budson AE, Solomon PR. Life adjustments for memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. In: Budson AE, Solomon PR, eds. Memory Loss, Alzheimer's Disease, and Dementia. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 28.
National Institute on Aging website. Home safety and Alzheimer's disease.
Version Info
Last reviewed on: 5/20/2024
Reviewed by: Jacob Berman, MD, MPH, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
