Carotid artery stenosis - self-care
Carotid artery disease - self-care
The build-up of plaque in the internal carotid artery may lead to narrowing and irregularity of the artery's lumen, preventing proper blood flow to the brain. More commonly, as the narrowing worsens, pieces of plaque in the internal carotid artery can break free, travel to the brain and block blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. This leads to stroke, with possible paralysis or other deficits.
A carotid arteriogram is an X-ray study designed to determine if there is narrowing or other abnormality in the carotid artery, a main artery to the brain. This is an angiogram of the left common carotid artery (both front-to-back and side views) showing a severe narrowing (stenosis) of the internal carotid artery just beyond the division of the common carotid artery into the internal and external branches.
This is an angiogram of the right carotid artery showing a severe narrowing (stenosis) of the internal carotid artery just past the carotid fork. There is enlargement of the artery or ulceration in the area after the stenosis in this close-up film. Note the narrowed segment toward the bottom of the picture.
Lifestyle Changes
Making certain changes to your diet and exercise habits can help treat carotid artery disease. These healthy changes can also help you maintain a healthy weight and manage high blood pressure and cholesterol.
- Eat a healthy, low-fat diet.
- Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Fresh or frozen are better choices than canned, which may have added salt or sugar.
- Choose high-fiber foods, such as whole-grain breads, pastas, cereals, and crackers.
- Eat lean meats and skinless chicken and turkey.
- Eat fish twice a week. Fish is good for your arteries.
- Cut back on saturated fat, cholesterol, and added salt and sugar.
Be more active.
- Talk with your provider first to make sure you are healthy enough to exercise.
- Walking is an easy way to add activity to your day. Start with 10 to 15 minutes a day.
- Start gradually and build up to 150 minutes of exercise a week.
Stop smoking, if you smoke. Quitting reduces your risk of stroke. Talk with your provider about quit-smoking programs.
Medicines
If lifestyle changes do not lower your cholesterol and blood pressure enough, medicines may be prescribed.
- Cholesterol medicines help your liver produce less cholesterol. This prevents plaque, a waxy deposit, from building up in the carotid arteries.
- Blood pressure medicines relax your blood vessels, make your heart beat slower, and help your body get rid of extra fluid. This helps lower high blood pressure.
- Blood-thinning medicines, such as aspirin or clopidogrel, decrease the chance of blood clots forming and help lower your risk of stroke.
These medicines can have side effects. If you notice side effects, be sure to tell your doctor. Your doctor may change the dose or type of medicine you take to help reduce side effects. Never stop taking medicines or take less medicine without talking to your provider first.
Follow-up Care
Your provider will want to monitor you and see how well your treatment is working. At these visits, your provider may:
- Use a stethoscope to listen to the blood flow in your neck
- Check your blood pressure
- Check your cholesterol levels
You may also have imaging tests done to see if the blockages in your carotid arteries are becoming worse.
When to Call the Doctor
Having carotid artery disease puts you at risk for stroke. If you think you have symptoms of stroke, go to the emergency room or call 911 or the local emergency number immediately. Symptoms of a stroke include:
- Blurred vision
- Confusion
- Loss of memory
- Loss of sensation
- Problems with speech and language
- Vision loss
- Weakness in one part of your body
Get help as soon as symptoms occur. The sooner you receive treatment, the better your chance for recovery. With a stroke, every second of delay can result in more brain injury.
References
Biller J, Schneck MJ, Ruland S. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 65.
Cameron J. Vascular surgery. In: Cameron J, ed. Current Surgical Therapy. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:16.
Goldstein LB. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 376.
Naylor AR, McCabe DJH. Cerebrovascular disease: decision making including optimal medical therapy. In: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, eds. Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 92.
Version Info
Last reviewed on: 2/27/2024
Reviewed by: Thomas S. Metkus, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
