Childhood ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are considered risk factors for subsequent substance abuse, and youth with both ADHD and ODD/CD are at greatest risk. However, the effects of treatment of ADHD with stimula...

The study team will examine the effects of FDA approved stimulant and non-stimulant medications for ADHD, among youth with ADHD and with and without Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct Disorder (CD), on reward systems of the brain using fMRI.