Intestinal obstruction repair
Repair of volvulus; Intestinal volvulus - repair; Bowel obstruction - repair
Intestinal obstruction repair is surgery to relieve a bowel obstruction. A bowel obstruction occurs when the contents of the intestines cannot pass through and exit the body. A complete obstruction is a surgical emergency.
In all cases of intestinal obstruction, the intestine involved is carefully examined. If any parts of the intestine look unhealthy from lack of blood flow during the period of obstruction, they are removed and the healthy ends are reconnected. A patients recovery depends on the cause of the intestinal obstruction and the length of time prior to relief of the obstruction. The outcome is usually good if the obstruction is treated before damage (ischemia) or death (necrosis) of the bowel occurs.
The small intestine is basically a long tube through which digested food passes.
The intestine is made up of the small intestine and the large intestine (colon). The small intestine runs from the stomach to the large intestine. The colon runs from the end of the small intestine to the anus. The intestine absorbs nutrients and water from the diet.
Description
Intestinal obstruction repair is done while you are under general anesthesia. This means you are asleep and do not feel pain.
The surgeon makes a cut in your belly to see your intestines. Sometimes, the surgery can be done using a laparoscope, which means smaller cuts are used.
The surgeon locates the area of your intestine (bowel) that is blocked and unblocks it.
Any damaged parts of your bowel will be repaired or removed. This procedure is called bowel resection. If a section is removed, the healthy ends will be reconnected with stitches or staples. Sometimes, when part of the intestine is removed, the ends cannot be reconnected. If this happens, the surgeon will bring one end out through an opening in the abdominal wall. This may be done using a colostomy or ileostomy.
Why the Procedure Is Performed
This procedure is done to relieve a blockage in your intestine. A blockage that lasts for a long time can reduce or block blood flow to the area. This can cause the bowel to die.
Risks
Risks of anesthesia and surgery in general include:
- Reactions to medicines
- Breathing problems
- Bleeding, blood clots, infection
Risks of this procedure:
- Bowel obstruction after surgery
- Damage to nearby organs in the body
- Formation of scar tissue (adhesions)
- More scar tissue forming in your belly and causing a blockage of your intestines in the future
- Opening of the edges of your intestines that are sewn together (anastomotic leak), which may cause life-threatening problems
- Problems with the colostomy or ileostomy
- Temporary paralysis (freezing up) of the bowel (paralytic ileus)
After the Procedure
How long it takes to recover depends on your overall health and the type of operation.
Outlook (Prognosis)
The outcome is usually good if the obstruction is treated before bowel blood flow is affected.
People who have had many abdominal surgeries may form scar tissue. They are more likely to have bowel obstructions in the future.
References
Gearhart SL, Kelley MP. Management of large bowel obstruction. In: Cameron AM, Cameron JL, eds. Current Surgical Therapy. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:202-207.
Galandiuk S, Netz U, Morpurgo E, et al. Colon and rectum. In: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 21st ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2022:chap 52.
Mustain WC, Turnage RH. Intestinal obstruction. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 123.
Version Info
Last reviewed on: 2/28/2022
Reviewed by: Debra G. Wechter, MD, FACS, General Surgery Practice Specializing in Breast Cancer, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
