IgA nephropathy is a kidney disease. This condition prevents the kidneys from filtering waste. Deposits of the protein immunoglobulin A (IgA) build up inside the filters (glomeruli) within the kidneys. When this happens, the glomeruli can’t filter waste and excess water from the blood.

This is a potentially serious condition that requires care from your doctor. The sooner IgA nephropathy is treated, the more favorable the outcome.

Twenty-five percent of people with IgA nephropathy develop end-stage renal disease. End-stage renal disease or kidney failure is a serious condition. It occurs when the kidneys are not able to perform their normal functions. If you suspect you have IgA nephropathy, contact your doctor immediately.

It is not known what causes IgA nephropathy, but genetics may play a role. It appears that some people are predisposed to this condition.

The following factors increase your chance of developing IgA nephropathy:

• Family history of IgA nephropathy or Henoch schonelein purpura (an inflammation of the blood vessels in the skin and other body organs)
• Sex: Men tend to develop this condition more often than women.
• Age: late teenage years to late 30s.
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol

Often, there are no symptoms of IgA nephropathy in the early stages of the disease. Later stage symptoms may include:

• Blood and protein in the urine
• Swelling of the hands and feet
• Repeated upper respiratory infections
• Intestinal disease
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Fatigue
• Muscle pain
• Fever

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. Tests may include the following:

• Urinalysis—to test for blood and protein
• Blood test
• Kidney biopsy —removal of a sample of tissue or cells from the kidney for examination
• Blood pressure measurement
• Cholesterol test

There is no cure for IgA nephropathy. Your doctor will want to help prevent the condition from getting worse and relieve symptoms, such as high blood pressure. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:

Your doctor may suggest the following medications:

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)—to help lower blood pressure and decrease protein loss in the urine
• Corticosteroids—to provide relief for inflamed areas of the body

Your doctor may want you to reduce salt and limit the amount of protein in your diet. You can limit protein in your diet by avoiding most meats, dairy products, and gluten. Gluten is a protein that is found in wheat, rye, barley, and oats.

If you have high cholesterol, your doctor will want you to lower your cholesterol level. You can do this by making changes to your diet and exercising. Your doctor may also prescribe cholesterol-lowering medicine.

Small studies suggest that fish may be helpful in IgA nephropathy.

Some studies have shown that surgically removing the tonsils in people who have IgA nephropathy and have frequent infections in their tonsils may reduce the amount of blood and protein in their urine.

People who develop kidney failure as a result of IgA nephropathy may need to have dialysis . Dialysis is a treatment that performs the functions of natural kidneys when they fail.

People who develop kidney failure as a result of IgA nephropathy may need to have a kidney transplant . During a kidney transplant, a severely diseased and damaged kidney is replaced with a healthy kidney from a donor.